Dissociative disorders – causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XF2zeOdE5GY

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Maybe you’ve had the experience of driving on “autopilot.” One minute you got in your car, and the next minute you’ve arrived at your destination, but you can’t actually remember the details of the drive.
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This is an example of normal, everyday dissociation, a term that describes a mental state of disconnection from what is going around you.
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Normally this day-dreamy state doesn’t last very long, and most people can snap out of it if something or someone requires their attention.
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But for some people, dissociation is more pervasive, and can’t be turned off so easily. In fact, the feeling of disconnection may become so intense and happen so often that it stops a person from functioning in their daily life.
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When this is the case, we say the person has a dissociative disorder. Dissociative disorders are a group disorders that cause an impaired awareness of your own actions, thoughts, physical sensations, and even identity, which is a sense of who you are.
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Dissociative disorders tend to stem usually stem from trauma, usually early childhood abuse or neglect, and are thought to be a way of adapting to negative feelings and experiences.
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Dissociative disorders are divided into three main types: depersonalization/derealization disorder, dissociative amnesia, and dissociative identity disorder.
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Each of these disorders fall along a spectrum of severity, with depersonalization/derealization disorder being the least severe of the dissociative disorders, dissociative amnesia falling somewhere in the middle, and dissociative identity disorder being the most severe.
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Typically, individuals with more severe dissociative disorders may have elements of less severe ones as well.
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With depersonalization/derealization disorder, depersonalization refers to a feeling of detachment from oneself, your own person, while derealization refers to a feeling that that the world around you is not fully real.
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Those with the disorder often feel as if they are watching themselves from the outside, maybe watching a movie about their life.
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They might feel emotionally or physically numb, or have a weak sense of self. Individuals with depersonalization/derealization disorder might speak in a deadpan manner, with little emotion, and have trouble forming relationships.
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In severe cases, a person may have trouble recognizing familiar places, people, or objects, and this can make it had to learn tasks.
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Other symptoms include an altered sense of time, where things seem to move too fast or slow, brain fog or light-headedness, and being prone to rumination and anxiety. Dissociative amnesia is when a person blocks out or forgets important personal information that most people would remember for a lifetime, like where they lived as a child, or what their mother looked like.
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Dissociative amnesia can be divided into four types: localized, generalized, systematized, and continuous.
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Most people with dissociative amnesia have localized amnesia, meaning they have trouble recalling a traumatic event.
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Sometimes the memory loss is broader, and includes months or years surrounding the event. Generalized amnesia is where a person can’t remember any of their past, even the non-traumatic parts.
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The onset of generalized amnesia can be sudden, stress-induced, and may be accompanied by a dissociative fugue, meaning a temporary period of disorientation and wandering or travel.
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In a fugue state, a person may be confused about who they are, or they may believe they are someone else.
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They may also temporarily lose deeply-ingrained skills.
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For example, a computer engineer might forget how to use a laptop. In systematized amnesia, a person only forgets a category of information which is in some way associated with a trauma, like forgetting everything about a certain person, or a specific location, even if it was a significant part of their life.
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And finally, continuous amnesia happens when a person forgets each new event after it happens, and retains nothing but the present moment– a bit like the fish Dora in movie Finding Nemo.
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And continuous amnesia doesn’t always relate back to psychological trauma. The third type of dissociative disorder is dissociative identity disorder, which used to be called multiple personality disorder.
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Dissociative identity disorder can be broken down into two types: covert dissociative identity disorder, and overt dissociative identity disorder.
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By far the most common type, covert dissociative identity disorder occurs when a person experiences sudden and dramatic shifts in the way they perceive, think, or feel, as if they have taken on characteristics of a different person or people.
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Some people with covert may hear that person’s voice, and feel that it is speaking to them.
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Those with covert dissociative identity disorder are usually aware that their experience is unusual, and may feel disoriented and powerless to understand their moods and behavior. On the other hand, those with overt dissociative identity disorder outright assume two or more distinct identities, sometimes called personalities, or alters. The identities are distinct because they tend to talk and act differently than the original person.
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They may have opposing tastes or political views, be different ages, genders, or nationalities. These alternate identities completely take a person’s body and mind, suppressing all other identities temporarily.
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Those with overt dissociative identity disorder are not aware that this is happening, and may report forgetting whole portions of their day.
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They may find groceries they can’t recall buying, or discover injuries to their body that they can’t recall getting, and it’s not unusual for some people to have a period of fugue, and suddenly find themselves in a different town or city.
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Having overt dissociative identity disorder can potentially endanger the person, especially if one identity engages in self-mutilation or risky behavior. The prevalence of suicide among those with the condition is very high, with almost three quarters attempting suicide at least once in their life. Diagnosing dissociative disorders can be tricky, and some of the symptoms can be seen in substance intoxication, especially of hallucinogens like LSD, and dissociative drugs like PCP and Ketamine.
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Other causes include seizures, brain trauma, as well as chronic conditions like dementia. Psychiatric conditions like an anxiety disorder can cause an impaired sense of identity, time, and sensation, especially during a panic attack, but these symptoms usually last minutes to hours.
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With dissociative disorders, the symptoms can persist for years.
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Finally, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia can also cause dramatic mood swings mimicking dissociative identity disorder, but while these depressive or euphoric moods can last for at least a week, the change in personality in dissociative identity disorder only last for minutes to hours each time. Treatment for dissociative disorders typically involves psychotherapy so people can process their trauma safely.
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In the case of dissociative identity disorder, the goal of therapy is to facilitate fusion of identities, where a person’s personality states are integrated and the person feels more whole.
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All right, as a quick recap, dissociative disorders often develop in as an attempt to adapt to severe or prolonged trauma.
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Falling on the least severe end of the spectrum, depersonalization/ derealization disorder is due to a disruption in the normal perception of events.
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Falling in the middle of the spectrum, dissociative amnesia is due to a disruption in memory. Falling on the most severe end of the spectrum, dissociative identity disorder is due to a problem with having a single, complete identity.
Source : Youtube

The 5 Major Anxiety Disorders

When it comes to anxiety disorders, there is no ‘one type’. Each form of anxiety has its own set of symptoms and treatments It is important to remember that, while some symptoms will overlap. No two anxiety disorders are alike This list aims to bring attention to the five major anxiety disorders, and what they mean for the sufferers We at psych2go hope to bring awareness to the growing number of anxiety sufferers and their needs So, without further ado, here’s five anxiety disorders as well as their symptoms and treatments Number one: obsessive compulsive disorder or OCD Obsessive compulsive disorder technically has two components: the obsessions and the compulsions Obsessions can encompass anything from a severe fear of germs to the placement of things around the home and many things in between The compulsions are what the sufferer does to rid themselves of those obsessive thoughts Someone who has obsessions about germs may ritually wash their hands or carry hand sanitizer everywhere they go Someone who has obsessive thoughts about the placement of objects might arrange and rearrange their belongings until they feel just right These obsessions and compulsions can become very intruisive and disrupted to the sufferers daily life As far as treatments for OCD go, there are a couple: There are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as fluoxetine sertraline These medications are meant to help alleviate the symptoms for the sufferer so that they are at a manageable and less destructive level The other widely used treatment is psychotherapy With this, you might run into cognitive behavioral therapy that will be used to help the sufferer essentially reprogram their response to obsessions and compulsions For the most part, medications and therapies are used in tandem to get the best results Number two: generalized anxiety disorder Generalized anxiety disorder or GED is a bit unlike the other anxiety disorders on this list Those who suffer from GED aren’t always able to give a reason for their symptoms In fact, one of the symptoms is a general feel of restlessness or an ease They may also experience worry as one of the symptoms Everyone worries from time to time, but GED causes the sufferer to eternalize those worries and take them to an entirely new level They may think of them in an obsessive manner which will cause a downward spiral of other symptoms such as a disturbance in sleep patterns The treatments available for GED are similar to those of OCD Medications and therapy.In this case, the medications may be benzodiazepines and antidepressants rather than the run-of-the-mill SSRIs Cognitive behavioral therapy is used with GED as well as relaxation techniques and mindfulness Number three: social anxiety disorder Those with social anxiety disorder experienced panic attacks related to social situations This can manifest in a fear of public speaking or stage fright and can be so severe that they avoid going into public altogether Social anxiety can also have symptoms of severe self-consciousness and a general fear of being around others Someone with social anxiety might find it hard to speak when other people are present even if they aren’t addressing the crowd as whole Social anxiety is mainly treated with SSRIs and therapy As we stated before, just because a treatment option looks similar from one anxiety to another it isn’t going to be the same Each sufferer presents their own needs that must be taken into account.Each therapy isn’t going to work the same for each individual Personalization of treatment is key in these situations Number four: panic disorder Unlike the other anxiety disorders on this list, panic disorder rests solely on panic attacks With many other anxiety disorders, panic attacks are just another symptom when it comes to panic disorder those attacks are the symptom Panic disorder is characterized by recurrent panic attacks The sufferer may experience heart palpitations, erasing pulse an intense fear and the feeling that they are hopelessly out of control There isn’t a rhyme or reason to many of these attacks, so the sufferer is essentially lying in wait for the next one to come Panic disorder can be treated in many ways The medications used are some that we’ve heard of such as benzodiazepines and SSRIs We are also introduced to serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors or SNRIs and beta blockers These medications, as with OCD, are often used in conjunction with therapy to help maximize the usefulness of each Number 5: post-traumatic stress disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder or PTSD can be diagnosed in anyone For the most part you have probably heard it, when someone speaks about veterans or police officers While those careers have a higher rate of PTSD, it is in fact true that anyone can be diagnosed with it PTSD is the result of a very traumatic event or series of events This leaves the sufferer with flashbacks and night terrors where they feel as if they are right back in the event again The sufferer may also suffer from panic attacks as well as phobias associated with people places or even sounds Medications such as fluoxetine venlafaxine may be used in the treatment of PTSD Therapies such as prolonged exposure, cognitive processing therapy, and brief eclectic psychotherapy may be utilized as well Again, this is a situation where the use of medications and therapy together can help give a better outcome than just one alone It is important to note that those with PTSD can lash out in certain situations But there is no need to be afraid of the sufferers There is nothing inherently dangerous about them In fact those with mental illness are exponentially more likely to be the victims of violent crimes than they are to be the perpetrator This is not a complete list of the different anxiety disorders out there by any means, nor is it completely comprehensive in each description There are many kinds of anxiety, these just happen to be the most talked about and diagnosed at this particular moment Regardless of which anxiety disorder the diagnosis is for, it is important to remember that the sufferer is in need of help and acceptance You don’t have to understand anxiety to be able to offer an ear to talk to, or some words to keep them grounded in the moment Remind the sufferer that they are alright, that what they are feeling are just symptoms of their anxiety and that it will pass if given the time Aside from that, just make sure that they know you are there with them and wait it out Do you suffer from one or more of the disorders listed? Share your story in the comments below On a different note, psych2go is now selling t-shirts.Links will be in the description below. As always, don’t forget to subscribe, and thanks for watching.
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How to Reduce Stress When Dealing with Difficult People | The Journey

 Welcome to the journey today we’re going to talk about how to reduce stress when dealing with difficult Music hey. I’m Emma, my co-host Sam and when it comes to dealing with difficult people they don’t have to be difficult to manage alright Sam? So I know you deal with customers. So tell me about a time or an experience. We had to deal with a difficult customer what you do well, is sometimes you have to properly reset expectations. Some customers may not understand exactly what their service tells so you have to first hear them out. Let them vent, let them talk. Don’t interrupt and then once they’re finally finished repeat back to them. Summarizing hey, I’ve heard you. I understand, and you are valid in how you feel, but then the next thing, which is more important. You come up with a plan that, within the scope of your service, you mutually benefit from what you’re about to offer say how you’re going to partner together, give them a little bit of homework, and then finally wrap it up by letting them Know you’re gon na take care of it for them. So I remember a time when a custard man, let’s call him Joe, called in and he was expecting us at GoDaddy social to post every day on social media and that’s not the case, and that’s not what we offer. So I made sure that I was able to reset and align his expectations that fit our service model. So how did you keep Joe on board? How did you keep him cool? You have to educate on this topic. What would you do? Well, I had the first of course acknowledge the fact that I understood where he was coming from and I wanted to understand what he wanted to accomplish to go through the steps of how we’re going to fix this. I want to know what are you going to accomplish and then ask the subject matter: expert we were able to within the scope of our service, offering give him the steps of how he’s gon to still get what he wanted, but not necessarily in the Way he wanted to do it, so here are some steps that I use to be able to keep myself together while receiving that call. First, collect myself take a deep breath, connect Center myself, and make sure that I don’t, let it rattle me, or he reaches out to me for a little guided yoga meditation. Let’s now join together. Take a deep breath hold for 3 seconds and release one more time. How do you feel let hit it but nice alright, so you mentioned listening and taking the time to think about what Joe in this example is sane versus. What am I saying, I’m going to say next, so I imagine there’s a ton of empathy involved here right? Of course, you want to make sure that you know where they’re coming from because to make some headway and connect with this person, you have to take it all in really focus on them. It’s not about you. It’s about that. So the next thing is, you want to think outside of the box figure out a way of coming up with a mutually beneficial solution, and allow that person to partner with you. Remember it’s, not you against them, but it’s us working together to solve their problem, which is your problem. Mister minds me of reframing. This is something my mom taught me recently on her visit to California. It’s just like hey. Instead of sweating, this just reframes, it to see how you could look at this differently. I love that advice. So the next thing is, you want to find a supportive community of people that are like you that are going through the same struggles that you know you can connect with and express yourself and let them know hey, I’m struggling just like you and you can get support that way here at GoDaddy we have a lot of different opportunities and groups where we can all feel included. So we want to hear from you comment below and let us know how do you deal with the duplicates also be sure to like this video and subscribe to our Channel. Also don’t forget to ring that bell, so you’re the first to know about our next videos coming out. So this is the journey. See you next time. .As found on YouTubeExplaindio Agency Edition FREE Training How to Create Explainer Videos & SELL or RENT them! Join this FREE webinar | Work Less & Earn More With Explaindio AGENCY EDITIONOIP-47

8 Struggles People With Anxiety Can Relate To

 (pleasant comforting music) – [Amanda] Hey there psych2-goers and welcome back to our channel. We wanted to let you know that your ongoing support helps us make psychology and mental health more accessible to everyone. So thank you all so much for the love that you’ve given us. Before we begin, we wanted to remind you that this video is meant for informative purposes only and is not meant to be a diagnostic tool for mental illness. Please reach out to a mental health professional or your doctor if you think you might be struggling with anxiety. With that said, let’s begin. Anxiety seems to be so mainstream these days and people are feeling more stressed out than ever. However, there is a difference between experiencing anxiety and having an anxiety disorder. Feelings of nervousness or restlessness will go away but people with anxiety disorders get no such break from their symptoms. This can change the way you communicate, behave, and even think. In today’s video, we will be talking about eight struggles that people with anxiety can relate to. Number one, you fret and worry over small decision choices. Do you freeze with indecision when thinking about what you want for lunch? It usually shouldn’t matter that much but when your brain is moving at a mile a minute, it’s not hard to invent a hypothetical situation where this choice could mean life or death. There are so many what-ifs to consider and the anxious brain wants to examine them all. It’s important to remember why your mind stays stuck on something, it’s trying to protect you. The what-ifs are all meant to prepare your brain to deal with real situations, should they arise. Be kind to yourself when making a decision doesn’t come easily to you. It’s not for nothing, even if it is disruptive or frustrating. Two, which comes first, anxiety or sleep disruption? If you find it difficult to get a good night’s sleep with an anxious brain, you’re not alone. According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America, stress and anxiety are closely related to and often coincide with sleep disorders. These can range from nightmares or restlessness to more complex conditions such as bruxism, where you grind your teeth while you sleep, or narcolepsy which causes you to spontaneously fall asleep. It can be hard to tell whether sleep troubles or anxious thoughts are the root of the problem. Anxiety can cause a lack of sleep just as easily as a lack of sleep can make you feel anxious. Number three, the worst-case scenarios always seem more likely than they are. When you’ve been dealing with your anxiety for a long time, your brain gets used to being on the alert for danger, even when none is present. This is why it’s easy to ruminate on negative or intrusive thoughts. Jumping passed the more likely outcomes to a worst-case scenario becomes automatic. Everyday occurrences send your nervous system spinning when you’ve become so good at searching for anything that might go wrong. We offer a challenge to any anxious psych2-goers out there; if you notice yourself imagining a disastrous outcome or event, see if you can come up with one other scenario that may occur instead. Is one more likely than the other to take place? Number four, you have no clue if others can sense your anxiety. Do you worry about whether or not other people can tell when you’re feeling anxious? And then are you doubly worried about how someone will react if they do find out you’re having a panic attack? Since no people experience anxiety the same way nor are any two situations the same, there’s no real way to tell unless you tell someone that you’re not feeling well. If anything, your anxiety is not as noticeable as you fear it to be. There are so many other restless, sweaty, awkward people in the world and everyone else is probably too worried about themselves that they’re less likely to notice if you look a little flushed or act a little odd. Five, you can worry yourself sick. Have you ever been so stressed and worried that you felt like you might throw up or pass out? When you suffer from anxiety, these severe reactions become normal which can put immense stress on your body over time. Mayo Clinic states that symptoms such as headaches, heart palpitations, and gastrointestinal issues are common expressions of anxiety. Dealing with these over a long period can lead to complications such as irritable bowel syndrome and other chronic disruptions in the nervous system.  Six, self-doubt slows you down socially. Do you long to be out and about with your friends but your anxiety and doubt convince you to stay home instead? Socializing can be incredibly stressful for someone with anxiety, especially if you have social anxiety disorder which is specific to public or group settings. Between physical symptoms and a racing mind, keeping up a conversation with your friends can be tricky. Your brain interrupts with intrusive thoughts and questions and you wonder if you’re doing it right. If you notice that you’re worrying about whether your anxiety makes you come across as awkward or quiet, that’s okay. It’s good to be aware of your effect on others but make sure you’re trying your best to be genuine and be you. Living in today’s society is a lot of pressure already, so there’s no need to double down on yourself. Seven, you find it hard to stay focused, you find it hard to stay focused. When your anxiety is bad, do you struggle to concentrate? Like, when you have to reread a page in a book a couple of times over before you finally comprehend what you’re reading. Recent BBC research cites a 2011 study from the University of Notre Dame, which confirms that the brain is designed to hold only so much information at once. If you’re taking up that space with tons of what-ifs and worries, there won’t be much room left for anything else. Changing your thought patterns won’t happen overnight but it’s certainly possible. It will likely take some trial and error to find what works for you but practicing mindfulness, getting exercise, and avoiding multitasking are a few good places to start. And number eight, yeah, you can have anxiety about your anxiety. Have you ever heard of agoraphobia? The UK National Health Service defines agoraphobia as a fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult or that help wouldn’t be available if things go wrong. Most people who suffer from this condition practice avoidance. Some might refuse to take public transportation or be in crowded or open spaces, while others may not leave their house at all. Avoidance aims to protect you from danger, panic, and even embarrassment. Did you relate to any of these scenarios? Tell us about it in the comments below. Anxiety is tough but so are you. If you have any other tips that help you with your anxiety, share them in the comments below. If you found this video helpful, please like and share this video with someone who can benefit from it too. The studies and references used are listed in the description below. Don’t forget to hit the subscribe button and the notification bell icon for more psych2 go videos. Thank you for watching and we’ll see you next time..As found on YouTubeAnxiety disorders, phobias, and chronic panic attacks affect millions of people all over the world. Often, treatment consists of medications used to reduce anxiety, but these medications don’t work for everyone. Many people are too afraid to explore the real reason why they have anxiety or they’re too embarrassed to seek medical attention. Instead, they suffer for years struggling to learn how to cope with this condition, alone. More often than not this results in the person avoiding many of the places and activities they once loved because they’re so afraid they’ll have a panic attack in public. If you’re tired of trying new medications that don’t work or you’re looking for an all-natural approach to anxiety treatment, the 60 Second Panic Solution program can help.download-z2

The NYU Training Program for Psychedelic Psychotherapy – Jeffrey Guss

 It is an honor and so much fun to be here and it’s been a lot of fun preparing this talk Each time I give this talk, things change and I learn more about the training program. You know I’ve been a psychiatrist for 25 years and when I first trained, I did an anxiety disorders fellowship and I started teaching about anxiety and anxiety disorders. And that was a hard topic to like get a big picture of and to do in an interdisciplinary way. And then I started working with addictions and teaching about that, and then gender and sexuality, and each one had its challenges in terms of how to teach residents and fellows about how to practice in some way. That was not just a cookbook, and you know cookie cutter about. This is how you treat this problem in this way, but I think that psychedelic, psychotherapy training has been the most challenging thing that I have ever undertaken and it continues to teach me a lot about doing therapy and being with patients and in teaching. So I’m going to try to cover several different topics. In my talk today, I want na ask the question: What is psychedelic psychotherapy And in particular, What is psychedelic psychotherapy that we do at NYU with our participants in the cancer anxiety study? I answered this question by looking at who was doing psychedelic psychotherapy today, who actively participates in offering and consuming psychedelic therapy, and also with some of the methods and techniques that are important, even if psychedelics are not involved. I’m gon na show a little bit about what it is that we do with participants that are in our study, and what kinds of experiences they undergo when they go through the work with us. I’m going to talk to you about how we train our therapists, what kinds of experiences we put them through, what kind of teaching we do, and how it is that we conceive of their going from one place to another. I want na ask the question: Why do we call it therapy a theme that you’re gon na hear me address throughout the talk today is why this is therapy and why we are not guides or monitors or sitters, but we are therapists who are Doing therapy with patients We call them participants or subjects, but for the clinical work that we are doing, it is therapists who are very well trained, who are sitting with human beings that are suffering, and we’re doing a short term therapy that has Psilocybin Sessions that are part of it – And I’m gon na close by asking What are the goals of our training program? What do we hope to accomplish in training people to work in the study? So what is Psychedelic Psychotherapy? It is a collection of psychotherapeutic processes that are facilitated by psychedelic agents, So the important part here is that psychedelic therapy has, as its basis a therapeutic process that already exists in the mind of the therapist and in many ways in the mind of the participant when They come in all of the experience all of the training that they’ve, had that patients or the participants experience in therapy. All of this comes to bear on what happens to people when they enter our research project in this way, it’s distinct from psychedelic agents as neuroscientific probes, into the function of the brain and the mind, and it’s also different in some important ways from psychedelic journeys that are undertaken for a recreational purpose or a spiritual purpose, or artistic creativity or individually. So this is a very specific therapy that’s done with people who are suffering from a certain condition. So what we do is not shamanic healing. It is not neo-shamanic healing. However, it does absorb many of the core teachings and the wisdom that come from those traditions. Psychedelic therapy is deeply embedded and inextricably embedded in the knowledge systems of the subject and the guide. Here we see Copernicus looking at the sky with a very primitive telescope and what Copernicus saw was the data that he gathered and how he interpreted. It was all very much based on what he knew about the heavens and what he thought was going on in the heavens. Now he may have seen things that surprised him that caused him to revise what he thought. But basically, what happened with that? Telescope was profoundly influenced by what he expected to see what he was surprised by and the basic knowledge base that was going on in his culture at that time. 300 years later, we have a much fancier instrument looking at the sky, but it’s more or less the same sky and more or less the same kind of instrument. But the way the data was gathered, the questions that were asked the way the data was manipulated and interpreted and the kinds of impressions that were drawn from it were very different. However, the same kind of instrument and the same kind of sky, So this shows how deeply it is in the mind of the observer and the looker and the person that’s participating in the experience that the catalyst or the technology which in our case is psychedelics. You know has to be understood, So I want to reintroduce the idea of psycholytic therapy. Psycholytic therapy is much referenced, but not that much talked about anymore. It’s a kind of therapy that was done in the Fifties and Sixties. It existed more in Europe than in America, although there was quite a bit of psycholytic therapy that happened here, in the modern psychedelic research Renaissance, there’s much more emphasis on psychedelic therapy, which is if you want na, be – and this is quite reductionist, Though, to say that psychedelic therapy has ego death brought about by the agent followed by a peak, spiritual or mystical experience, So this tends to be more unitary in the concept that is it’s more or less the same for everyone, and in fact, all of you Have probably seen the nine the list of nine criteria that define the mystical experience and in our study, we like to measure people to say how many of them they’ve accomplished. You know: do they get three or four or five, And if they get nine, then they’ve had a complete, mystical experience. So in this way, the idea is towards a kind of universal experience, and this is seen as having somewhat magical properties to heal. It brings about decreased death, anxiety, and transformation in character, which is seen, and it’s sort of a goal that people look for in research. However, it is a goal that is deeply bedded in contextualization. It’s more likely to happen with someone who’s prepared for it and who knows how to experience it. It’s not like it never happens in unprepared people, but in our study, people who have experienced meditators and have worked with ego death as it occurs in meditation retreats. That kind of person is more likely to experience ego death, followed by a spiritual or mystical experience, And this quasi-religious preparation is, you know, more likely to bring this about for this kind of individual, And in this case, the therapy supports the medicine experience. So the goal of the therapist in the context is to support this profound and shattering medical experience. Psycholytic therapy, on the other hand, is more biographical and more psychodynamic. It’s more individualized and has more to do with that individual’s, time on the earth and their experiences in childhood and adulthood, and it’s also deeply embedded in the relationship with the therapists who are in the room. In this way, the medicine supports the therapy experience and there’s a lot of writing that happened about psycholytic therapy that advanced whatever kind of therapy that patient and that therapist were doing in the Fifties and Sixties if they were Jungian therapists, if they were Freudian Therapists or Rogerian or relational therapists, the psychedelic experience used in a psycholytic manner advanced that particular kind of therapy. In our study, we measure and look for a mystical or spiritual experience, but many people have a combination of a psycholytic and a psychedelic experience, and some people have only a psycholytic experience, and this falls then, of course, to the therapists to interpret this and help. The patient, the ah participant works with it in a meaningful way To make this point one more time. Ana s, Nin said We don’t see things as they are. We see them as we are. So why is this point so important? Why do I hammer away at this point? Because when you teach a certain kind of therapy, you’re called upon to explain much of the basis of that therapy. How it works, why it works? What you’re doing, what distinguishes it from other kinds of therapy – and these are very difficult questions to answer about psychedelic therapy. For many reasons, One is that it’s not been done very much in the last forty years in an overground above-board way. And secondly, because there are so many different forms of psychedelic therapy. But when you want na teach something, especially in a rather traditional setting as we have at NYU, you have to have a matrix or a structure in which you’re setting out to teach a body of knowledge to therapists who don’t have it. So you have to decide What is the body of knowledge? What are we doing? Why are we doing it? Most people would agree that we are opening up something inside. So What are we opening up to with psychedelics? Why are we opening up to this? Why do we think it’s a good idea to unleash or open up these kinds of restrictions that happen in the brain, naturally, for a period of six or eight or ten, or twelve hours? Why was it closed in the first place? What are we looking for And are we instead opening up to something outside the self rather than inside the self? And these are all questions which it’s easy to ask. But when you teach it, it’s important to have some answers, and yet these are answers. We don’t have immediately at hand So an important question: How do we develop new narratives out of being involved in the study? That is How do the people who come to us for help come away feeling better feeling, like their life, is more meaningful, less afraid of death, and deeper engaged with the life that they have and able to know and experience that and speak of it? What can help these changes become long-lasting? All of these are questions that go into teaching psychedelic therapy and they’re questions that I wouldn’t say that I have all the answers to which makes it especially hard to teach And when you work at NYU or any academic setting, you have To make certain that what you’re doing fits into quite a traditional model of education, So part of the goal that we’re grappling with is how to develop a coherent model for teaching psychedelic-assisted therapy to conventionally trained therapists. All of the people that have been through our training program are trained and have extensive experience in working with patients, either as psychiatrists as psychologists, nurses, social workers, or family therapists. So they’re all fully trained therapists. And how do we teach this additional method? Or this additional kind of intervention, Or how do we teach therapists that know how to work with patients, then to use this new kind of experience using their unique skills and abilities and in some way trying to bring about a coherent treatment? Because if you’re saying This is psychedelic psychotherapy, you’re, defining it as something specific. You’re saying This is a certain kind of therapy. This is what it is, and this is what it is, ‘t and that kind of boundaries are problematic, if you think about things in a holistic way or a nondual way, that isn’t the way that psychiatry works. You know if you’re, defining a certain kind of therapy and you want na say have a fellowship in psychedelic psychotherapy. Then the chairman is gon na say Well. What is that, And how do you know it’s something, And how do you know when someone’s doing it, And how do you know when someone’s doing it well, And how do you know if somebody’s not doing it, but it Looks like they are, And these are all questions that you have to have at least practical answers to You also wan na answer, questions like Who can become a psychedelic therapist Who should become a psychedelic therapist And who shouldn’t. We tried to answer the question: How is our work different from the psychedelic therapy that’s done by underground workers, Of which hundreds? If not thousands, of sessions, are, ah, you know happening every year? And how do we integrate our training with the therapist’s existing approaches, And how do we bring our responsibilities, as you know, trained professional therapists to the psychedelic therapy setting? So this is the title of our study: Effects of Psilocybin, Assisted Psychotherapy on Anxiety and Psychosocial Distress. In Cancer Patients, This therapy occurs in a very specific context. It occurs in Manhattan at NYU. This is our research center in the upper right-hand, corner of the Bluestone Center for Clinical Research. People walk around with white coats on and stethoscopes around their necks, and so the people who come are, for the most part, very mainstream individuals who have cancer. Some of them quite advanced cancer. Some people are not too ill, but many people are quite ill and they’re involved with traditional cancer regimens with scans radiation chemotherapy, and these are the patients who come to us and enter our study by and large. These are the members of the NYU team, Steve Ross, who I think might be here in the room Steve Over there And Tony Bossis, who spoke on the first day of the conference, Gabby Agin Liebes, who might be here also over there And Carey Turnbull. Ah, director of development, Alexander Belser, who might be here, Alex No and Effie Nulman, another consultant and somebody who helps us with development – And this is an overview of our study for those of you who aren’t familiar with what it is we are doing. I thought I would show you what it is that the therapists do in our study and what it is that we’re preparing them to do. There are two dosing sessions: Dosing A and Dosing B. They’re, separated by seven weeks Before Dosing Session. There are three preparatory sessions. These are about two hours long. Then there’s Dosing Session, A which is either a placebo or an active drug. No one knows not the participant or the therapist or the PI or anybody. The only person who knows is the compounder who makes up the pill on a milligram per kilogram basis and puts it into a special envelope and then a special bottle and it’s all a very special audience. Laughter After Dosing Session A there’s a seven-week period and then there are integrative psychotherapy sessions Now if the person received a placebo or it appears to everyone that they got a placebo, then those next three sessions tend to be more continued preparation, because the experience With Psilocybin is the high point of the experience, so they either have in essence, six preparatory sessions and three integrative or three preparatory and six integrative sessions, And there’s a subtle. Well, you know not so subtle, dynamic differences that happen when a person is disappointed if they didn’t get an active drug first, but everyone knows that by the end of the study, they will have received a dosing session in both conditions. So, after the Dosing Session B, then there are about four weeks or five weeks during which there are three more integration sessions. So we have nine therapy sessions and two dosing sessions. Who are the psychedelic therapists of today To think about what we needed to learn, what we needed to do? I asked myself the question Who is doing work with psychedelics and who is doing work that feels related to psychedelic therapy, I came up with four categories: The Shaman, the Neo Shaman, the Meditation Adept and the Palliative Care Therapist, and the Psychodynamic Therapist of today, And I’m going to go through each one and talk a little bit about what we learned from them and what I think we needed to incorporate from these different disciplines. The shaman is the earliest and longest-lasting longest known psychotherapist in recorded history. A core of shamanism is communication with the spirit world. This occurs quite concretely. It’s, not a metaphor. It’s, not an aspect of the mind. It is a literal communication with spirits and the ability to work with unseen and mysterious forces and to intercede for the benefit of the sufferer is a core activity of the shaman. The shaman enters a trance state voluntarily, either with or without psychedelics, and experiences their soul or spirit, leaving the body or journeying or traveling on behalf of the individual, who is suffering The shaman interacts with spirits and will command intercede or commune with them in some way. To bring about a benefit for the individual who is in the ceremony or for the tribe or community as a whole, There’s quite a similarity between shamanic training and psychoanalytic training In both the individual by definition, suffers from some kind of malady. Some kind of unhappiness, frustration or fear, or anguish, some kind of suffering, which is both defined by and treated by a particular knowledge system. To become a psychoanalyst, you have to be, you know, upset neurotic troubled in some way by audience laughter seek treatment with an analyst, and undergo a genuinely therapeutic psychoanalytic process, And anybody who doesn’t do. That is probably not going to be very much good. As a psychoanalyst, enthusiasm for the method is a requirement for practicing it effectively also you learn a great deal about what it means to be a patient and what it means to be a therapist from working with your analyst. So the analyst, as well as the shaman, suffer from some kind of malady, and often both are, you know, marked at a very early age as headed towards a particular career. This is true for many therapists, And so this malady is cured or ameliorated in some way by shamanic practices or by psychoanalytic practice, and this is the embodiment of the wounded healer paradigm, in which the person who’s conducting the ceremony or conducting the analysis is Not expected to be perfect or flawless, but is expected to be someone who lives with a spirit wound and is working at healing it or has had it healed in some way and developed compassion and a unique ability to relate to other people. As a part of that process, Part of the culmination of a shamanic quest – and this is quite different from psychoanalytic training – is a confrontation with death. This confrontation with death, which often is accentuated in psychedelic experiences, is a catalyst for moving to a different stage of being without the encounter with death and the experience of dying either in a trans state. You know nonpsychedelic induced or with medicine the reaching out the hunger, the need, the expansion and extension of oneself to find a new way of relating to life to oneself doesn’t happen, And so it is this very terror and reaching through the sense Of groundlessness and shattering that transformation and rebirth can occur, And this is one of the things that is most important, I think for therapists to be able to work with participants in this study And to approximate this, we have a great deal of emphasis in The training process on confrontation with one’s, own mortality, fears about death and experiences of death and mortality in friends and family and patients The shamanic practitioner may take medicines and, as I’m sure everyone here knows, the practice may be that the shaman Takes the medicine and not the seeker or sufferer in their culture? That is not what happens in our study. It is the person with cancer anxiety who takes the medicine and the therapists in the room with him or with her are quite sober, although there is sometimes a kind of contagious experience of entering a trance with them, but we’re all sober pharmacologically speaking And in Shamanism psychedelic plants are considered gifts of the gods. They are mediators between the gods and humans and may carry special communicative potential, and it is also believed that it is the plant itself that is the god or the plant, contains the spirit power Mushrooms are found widely available in nature. If you know where to look – and you know when to look, They are not secreted away and they are not expensive. You just need to know what to do with them, where to find them, and how to use them In research. The molecules of Psilocybin are considered to be inert and to not have spirit within themselves, and yet they’re considered to be very dangerous and we had to install a very expensive and huge safe to protect a relatively small amount of Psilocybin. It’s weighed every day and there is some kind of danger that exists with the human beings around the Psilocybin because it needs this much protection. So, while these mushrooms are available growing in cow dung in certain places, when they arrive at First Avenue and 25th St, we need a big safe to keep everybody feeling. Okay, about it audience laughter. Now the shaman is a person who exists at the margins of society, but that doesn’t mean that he or she is a counter-cultural agent, because those who exist at the margins are very much a part of culture a part of society. The center can’t define itself if there isn’t a margin against which it can say. Well, we are not that, but we’re glad that person is here, because we can find what we don’t have in ourselves in them or we can hate them or we just need them in some way, But the shaman, perhaps a person marginalized in Society is a very well known and respected and valued person in society, so there are culturally bound narratives of illness and healing that the shaman knows and that the other members of the community know So even before a person goes to a shaman. What’s wrong? How it gets better, all these are cultural narratives that exist. You know as a part of the culture. There’s a highly ritualized training process, with a strong respect for tradition. So, although working with psychedelics is counter-cultural and edgy and kind of outlaws in the underground circles in the Western world, I think within indigenous cultures it’s not that way at all. There’s a training program. There’s an apprenticeship which I’ll talk about in a little bit and it also may be a part of the shaman’s job in a ceremony to reinforce pro-social values and social regulation and it’s. This function that’s thought to be significant in the ways that certain psychedelic-based religions facilitate recovery from alcoholism and other addictive disorders. Okay, so we’ve covered the indigenous shaman. Now I want to move on to the Neo shaman or Psychedelic Sitter. The training and practice for the Neo shaman are much less well defined. The practitioner may know of yoga may have a meditation practice, may do Chinese medicine or acupuncture, and uses intuition and many concepts from Transpersonal Psychology that are brought together as part of his or her method for doing psychedelic sitting or guiding The neo-shaman is generally naturally Emergent or self-selected A person says I would be willing to sit for you, and I believe that I have the credentials to do that or an individual may say I want you to do it And there’s little training or apprenticeship program that empowers the Sitter or the guide to know what they’re doing, except their own direct experience and reading and observing other people. The neo-shaman again has direct contact with the spirit world and enters into spirit reality through altered states and often in neo-shamanism. You see skepticism towards monotheistic religions, allopathic medicine, especially psychiatry, and overvaluation of the scientific method which is known as scientism, which is the irrational over belief in the scientific method and the belief that scientific knowledge is somehow harder or firmer or more powerful or more important or more Reliable than other kinds of truth, I’m not sure why this is capitalized. It shouldn’t be Neo. Shamanism is a descendant of the ideology of American Transcendentalism, which I’ll talk about in just a minute. Another distinction – and this is, of course, a generalization that shamanism there is generally a greater emphasis on searing pain, hardship, and terror than you see. You know by and large, in Neo shamanism, The Neo, shaman theory and methods are generally prohibited, prohibited discourse in medical circles. You know when you are talking to oncologists or nurse practitioners at the cancer center, and you start using the language of shamanism. You can see people start to roll their eyes and glaze over and stop listening to you, And so, since we’re trying to persuade them to refer patients to us and to take what we’re doing seriously. You know this whole discourse is prohibited, even though it may have a great deal of value in communicating with the subject in the study And so is the Neo Shaman. This discourse is not preferred in medical science, PET scans are preferred, And yet we have many people who are bridges, Stan Grof, famously bridged, psychiatry and Neo shamanism and no course or lecture on psychedelic therapy would be complete without giving credit to James Fadiman. Who’s written this extremely useful guide? The Psychedelic Explorer’s Guide and Neal Goldsmith his book, Psychedelic Healing, and numerous others, So the mindfulness adept? Ah, it was clear to us early on that many of the practices and teachings within meditation are important for us, as practitioners, and for the participants to know how to do. Meditation is a technique for developing the skill of mindfulness, focusing on self-regulation through careful attention. Focusing on immediate experience and developing curiosity, openness, and acceptance, One of the underlying themes that happen in existential anxiety is that there’s little context to speak about the terror rage and disappointment that occurs after the development of a cancer diagnosis or cancer treatment and the looking Away the encouragement to cope the encouragement to fight the encouragement to be positive. All of these draw attention away from the most difficult, painful searing, hard questions and processes that need to occur, and this capacity of curiosity, openness, and acceptance of what is that is central. Mindfulness is something that I thought was quite important: to bring to training. Mindfulness and meditation are established techniques for entering altered states of consciousness, with the idea that entering them can be inherently transformative and bring about an improvement in outlook mood, and connection to other people Nonjudgemental. Radical self-acceptance is also important in meditative practice, something which we bring to bear with each person as they prepare for their psychedelic experience And Psychodynamic Therapist. There are many many things that we could say about what a psychodynamic therapist knows how to do, but much of it is embedded in his or her training. One thing that I think cuts across all schools of psychotherapy is that we help the patient, develop, alternative meanings and narratives about life. We do that in different ways. We do that in different with different techniques, but we all hope to help someone have a better sense of what their life means and how they can speak to themselves and understand themselves in it, and in particular, here. Cancer, illness, and death Narrative therapy is a particular form of therapy, in which truth is not just something that is discovered objectively. It is something that is constructed in the development of a narrative between the speaker and the listener, and this is a theme that I think comes up again and again when trying to understand how to use psychedelics in working with cancer-related anxiety, Like the shaman and The neo shaman, the psychodynamic therapist, believes in unseen forces. We don’t call them spirits or ancestors that exist in the spirit world. We call them the Ego, the Superego, the Id internalized object, relations, and internalized schemas. Many many of these metaphors, I believe, are for the similar processes that occur, But again, the psychoanalyst and the psychodynamic therapist are trained to work with these forces and just like the shaman to intercede on the patient’s behalf. To try to make things better Within psychodynamic therapy, there is a deep commitment to a personal healing journey, and extensive work toward self-knowledge, and understanding of transference and countertransference. All of these are invaluable in working with patients in our study And there’s a long history that’s not hidden from the people who are here in this room, but certainly hidden within traditional psychiatric and psychoanalytic circles of using LSD and other psychedelics to Facilitate psychotherapy – and here are three books – This one in the right-hand corner. I’d never seen it before, and I was kind of intrigued to see it showing up in my Google Images search My Self and I, with its nice 60’s graphics. Now, psychodynamic therapy is very consistent with Western norms, medical ethical norms, and standards, so it fits in comfortably with what we’re trying to do. So before telling you about the structure of our program, I want na do one more theory-based excursion and talk about the set and setting. We often think about set and setting as the set being the participant’s intention and the setting where the therapy occurs in some ways, this is our setting Manhattan streets Bluestone. This is the couch that the sessions occur on, but I’d like to suggest that two other contexts are deeply influential in the work that we do, and these are existential psychotherapy and American Transcendentalism. In particular, we work with Victor Frankl’s, Logotherapy Logotherapy, I’m gon na try to reduce it to just a few soundbites as its core that life has meaning under all circumstances, even the most miserable ones, and this biography of Frankl, showing this concentration Camp march at the top, and then this very thoughtful image of him as a young man, I think, says volumes about how he came to develop this philosophy. He believes that our main motivation for living is our will to find meaning And that, when the search for meaning is blocked, there is psychological damage that occurs According to Frankl. We discover this meaning in three different ways.  Earlier today, Steve talked about meaning-making therapy, which is a kind of practical technique for bringing these philosophical ideas to bear in the clinical situation. So the meaning is discovered in three different ways: by creating a work or doing a deed. By experiencing something or encountering someone or by the attitude we take So by creating experiencing or taking an attitude, Frankl says that everything can be taken from Man, but one thing: the last of human freedoms: to choose one’s attitude in any given set of circumstances. This is his famous book Man,’s, Search for Meaning – and I want na point out now that Logotherapy is not a psychology of the mind. It’s not about the Id. The Ego. Psychology internalized objects, relations, developmental stages, and perinatal matrices, It’s not about. Oh, if you look, this is what we find like you, ‘re making a map. It is a therapy of action about the creation of meaning the intention choice and the creation of meaning And Irving. Yalom can’t be left out. American Transcendentalism is a philosophy and a form of literature that had its origins in the 19th century and some ways, lives on today. In the New Age movement, American Transcendentalism holds in the inherent goodness of both human beings and nature. Now this is quite different than Freudian psychology of the late 19th century and 20th century which said that the inherent nature of human beings is filled with steaming, cauldrons of Id and rage and libidinal energy that needs to be modified and modulated to fit with The demands of society, It’s quite different than American Transcendentalism, which says that the individual is pure and it is society that is corrupting American Transcendentalism is an inherently optimistic philosophy. There is a great deal of belief in the self and the self-identity, in creativity and infinite possibilities of the human soul. There’s a belief in spiritual progress and the interconnection of all beings, the immense grandeur of the soul, and that the interior is a source of goodness and wisdom. So I’d like to come back down to Earth now and tell you about the structure of the training program that we have, and this is the structure that we have used just in our last year of training, which is the third cycle of training that We’ve offered.

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This is Shira Schuster, who is soon to be a Ph.D. and has been my co-instructor in the course for this year and has been a tremendous help and creative force in putting the training program together. So there are three core aspects to the training program: a one-year mentorship with one of the three investigators in the study, Steve Ross, Tony Bossis, or myself, a didactic series and work with two study subjects. This is the schedule with which we began last year. It unfortunately, was blown to bits by Hurricane Sandy, but by about February we started to recover and get back on track to all the papers that we wanted to discuss, and I’m going to talk about the didactic first. I don’t have all of the didactic papers here summarized, but just a few of them. We start with this fabulous paper by Matt, Johnson and Bill Richards, and Roland Griffiths on the safety and basic medical knowledge of psychedelics. This paper covers what ten other papers would be needed to convey the information about who is eligible, and who shouldn’t be taken into treatment. What are the risks? What are the basic techniques? It’s a great paper and offered a tremendous amount of information in a quick, ah, not a quick, but in a concise way to people who were going through training. The next is a wonderful article by Alison Witte, no relation to Stephen who’s organizing our conference today. This is a paper that I found in a journal on holistic nursing. She worked with nurses, who had worked with people who were seriously ill in Eastern Kentucky in Appalachia, and she looked at who had spontaneous mystical experiences while they were in the hospital and what contexts led to their arising. What nurses did that facilitated people being able to have mystical experiences being able to talk about them and what kinds of things the nurses learned about? How to help the person utilize that mystical experience in their life afterward? She also, interestingly, talked about the impact on the nurse that was doing the listening and participating in the creation of this shared experience. So this is a really useful article, nothing to do with psychedelics, but is really about how you occasion a mystical experience. What do you do that enhances the likelihood of that happening? We did some historical papers looking at LSD, assisted psychotherapy, and the human encounter with death by Bill, Richards Stan Grof, and others, and Pahnke’s groundbreaking article on the transcendental mystical experience in the human encounter with death. We studied contemporary scholarship in psychedelic research, Roland Griffiths et al 39, s paper on Psilocybin, occasioning, and mystical experiences, and we took a crash course in Yalom and Frankl by studying this paper by Bill. Breitbart Psychotherapeutic Interventions at the End of Life, A Focus on Meaning and Spirituality. So here I think you’re hearing again the ongoing theme of the establishment of meaning as a core process, that we encourage our therapists to bring to people in the study, So that’s the didactic series. If you want a copy of it, I’d be happy to send it to you by email. The next part I want to describe is the mentorship program. The mentorship program is defined as just that, and not as supervision. We used the idea of supervision at first but decided that mentorship is better for several reasons. A mentor is more of a guide, a friend, and a supporter. There’s more equality in a mentoring relationship than in a supervisory relationship, And since all of the people that are trainees in our program are fully trained therapists, we felt that they were enhancing or developing or extending their skills rather than learning something from scratch. So we use the term mentorship. Also, there’s a certain amount of teaching that comes back the other way that can be quite profound, and I’ll tell you a little bit more about that later. The mentorship relationship is confidential. The mentor doesn’t say anything and holds the material found in the mentorship sessions, with equal confidentiality to what you would hear in therapy. The intention of the mentorship is an integration of all aspects of the experience. The trainee is encouraged to discover new aspects of himself or herself and others through the relationship. In other words, How does my existing identity as a therapist change grow to transform? What do I leave away? What do I do more of? How am I changed in this experience? In learning how to work with psychedelic therapies And a core part of the mentorship is dyad training. Now, when you work with two study subjects, which is a third part of the program, you work with your mentor for at least one of the sessions, So each therapy team each therapy dyad – has to do dyad training And the dyad training, which I’m, going To tell you about in a second is the central part of the mentorship relationship at the beginning, So you meet for these six two hour sessions, doing dyad training and by that time usually, you’ve gotten started working with your first patient, Your first participant So At that point, you’re doing clinical work. You’re talking about what’s going on. You’re talking about what’s happening in the reading, But the dyad training is a central way that the mentor and the trainee get to know each other. The dyad sessions occur six. There are six of them, They’re about one to one and a half hours, and only the therapists are present, so it’s a group of two and what happens in there also is confidential. Each session has a defined theme, even though you’re encouraged to do free-flowing discussion and talk about anything that arises that you think is going to be relevant to working together as a dyad team, And we used to have supervision after the third and sixth Sessions, but I think that’s pretty much fallen by the wayside, So the goal is the establishment of a close relationship. If you’re going to be a dyad team, you have to know one another as therapists. You have to understand how somebody thinks about life, death suffering, and when I first picked this picture, I thought that it was just kind of cutesy, but I realized that one of the times I’ve, given this talk before that there, something quite similar Between this tin can string telephone and that’s that you either are listening or speaking and to change, you have to change your position And the dyad sessions occur in the same way when you’re speaking, a person is expected to say what They have to say to describe their experience and the other person listens. It’s, not a therapy session. You’re not expected to ask questions to deepen the experience, But it’s a practice of a certain kind of meditation. Listening The first session early memories and contemporary experiences of death and losses, Family members, pets, friends, and patients that have died, Each person is invited to talk about their life from their earliest memories to the present time of what death and mourning has been like for them. This is also the time to talk about early memories of awareness of your mortality and thoughts and feelings about your death and the death of loved ones. The second dyad session is an invitation to talk about profound, mystical, or spiritual experiences, including experiences with entheogens. So confidentiality is also a part of the protection of this because speaking openly about entheogenic experiences or psychedelic use in a context like this brings about certain kinds of ethical and legal anxiety in people. So only with confidentiality, I think, are people free to speak openly about what they’ve done, what they’ve, not done, what it has meant to them, and the part of them that they’re going to bring to their dyad work, which is The work with the participant that relates to their own experience or lack of experience with entheogens. They can speak about their experience as a sitter and as a guide with shamans or guides or meditation teachers that they might have had. And this allows a basic kind of groundwork to be established between the dyad, as they’re, getting ready to sit with someone who’s going to enter into a state which is rather unpredictable in terms of what they’re going to be confronted with. Holding The third session involves looking at pain and suffering in family members, friends, and patients and experiences with cancer or other terminal conditions, including experiences in working with patients who are disfigured and whose bodies are failing, and the impact that this has ten minutes. Okay, so session. Four near-death experiences Session, five audience laughter beliefs regarding heaven and hell and religious history Session, six extreme states in psychotherapy, but actually by session six, everybody’s pretty much done and we’ve talked about everything there is to talk about So that’s, The one-year mentorship and I’m – going to skip over that and talk about the study and what happens during the sessions. So I presented this slide before, but I’m going to go over it again. You’ve got three prep sessions. A dosing session, three more sessions, a dosing session, and then three more So there are nine therapy sessions and two dosing sessions. The three preparatory sessions: this is the study room. This is what it looks like. This is a model pretending to be in session and the first prep session. So during the first prep session, it’s divided into two parts: there’s education to the participant regarding goals, the purpose of the study, time tables expectations, and education regarding the range of possible effects of the medication side, effects, rescue medications that we have On board what we’re going to do to try to help them through a difficult experience, and after that, then we do a history during which we take a psychosocial history, in particular a cancer narrative. We talk about family relationships, hobbies, work, political, social, and religious affiliations, the experience with psychedelics, meditation practice, and anything that you would want to do to get to know somebody and develop a trusting relationship with them. The second session is a life review. In this, we do a rather structured exercise, which I’ll show you an example of in just a minute, but you go over much of the same material you go over where you were born growing up where you went to school when your dad transferred to Another state: what happened when your grandmother died? You know if you had to go into the service like whatever these important turning points are in your life. We talk about them literally on a timeline and examine the meaning of those events in the individual’s life to see how their life has come to have meaning how events were made, the meaning of how catastrophe or disappointment or anger or exaltation moments were Given meaning and came to structure the way their life worked, In particular in the life review, we look at the cancer narrative, which has to do with how you reacted to the diagnosis, what the diagnosis meant and the relationship between cancer spirituality and how the individual found, Meaning So this is a life review exercise on the left hand, the side you can see birth about two-thirds of the way across you can see. Now this is a man in his late forties and on the very right-hand, side. He writes his death, So you can see between birth and now there’s. Many many events and I’ll give you a closeup in just a minute and about halfway through. You can see that he didn’t leave enough space, which is like the proportion wasn’t right. So he wrote a little. U going down to write in some more information, And this is a close-up of what he wrote At the bottom. He wrote his regrets loss of friends. He had to care for his mother when he had pneumonia. He was mean to Scott when he was a kid and did well in school and became a quarterback. All of these were things that he felt were important and just getting this information writing it here and taking this time was a profound experience for him each person that we work with says You know I’ve never done anything like this before and It’s quite illuminating to have these memories sought in this relatively structured way, And then the third is taking a spiritual history. To take the spiritual history, we use these two mnemonics, HOPE and FICA, and I’m gon na skip over this because I’m running out of time. But these you know information about these is easily available online, The spiritual history. What are your beliefs More about the spiritual history more about the spiritual history, The dosing sessions? Now I’m not going to say a great deal about the dosing sessions, because what we do is not vastly different than what is written about quite extensively. How do we handle people in various kinds of situations, what do we expect, what do we invite them to do, and how do we handle crises? This is quite extensively covered by many many people and what we do. Isn’t different from it. We have headphones with music. The therapists take a supportive role and respond actively if necessary. We have an opening ritual that focuses on internal direction and immersion in the inner experience. The therapists are invited to watch, listen and be attuned and very careful. Listening to the first post-journey, narrative, usually around two or three, the person sits up, takes off their headphones and eyeshades, and starts talking about what they’ve been through, and this first narration of the experience is quite important, and listening to it Carefully, I think, sets the ground for how you’re gon na work with it in subsequent sessions. Then you have a closing ritual So the integration sessions. These are the least well-defined part of the process, and they vary considerably from one dyad team to another, and while there is an effort in academic research to have uniformity and to have a manualized approach to things, I think that these integration sessions are a place Where it’s going to be quite a challenge to do this, because what the person brings, what happened to them in their session and who the therapists are and the bond that they’ve tied the bond that they’ve made. The tie that’s happened among the three of them is going to define what happens in the integration sessions So again making meaning of a psychedelic experience and incorporating that meaning into one 39. S perspective on yourself and in the world is an essential part of what we’re trying to do Now. This is Reverend Mike Young, and this is a slide that I didn’t know about this quote, and it was Cody Swift. That turned me on to this wonderful quote, and this is in some ways the idealized experience in which the ego, which is constructed by memory and determines what we think under Psilocybin. You transcend this ego. It’s not who I am, and the loss of self is not as distressing as it was before. So this is kind of the idealized experience and this is a picture actually of Marsh Chapel, where the Good Friday experiment happened, and people praying in that very same chapel. But not everybody has this full experience. Some people have a much more biographical experience and I don’t think I’ve read a description of what you need to do better than what came forward quite recently in this lovely small monograph by Torsten Passie. Describing what kinds of things can happen in a session – and I don’t think that much of what’s here is going to be new to anyone here, so I’m not going to go through this in the interest of time and again. Well, one point that I wanted to make about this is that Sometimes you hear you know when people are talking about Katherine MacLean’s report on openness that 14 months later, openness was found to be increased by a single psychopharmacological event, And when that phrase is Used it reduces the experience to the drug itself and I think that the mystical experience is sometimes seen as kind of like the magic that brings about some kind of transformation without being contextualized in a certain kind of therapeutic process. And I’d like to suggest that it really isn’t quite this way and that, even when a full mystical experience occurs, the way that it is held, the way that it is worked with the way that it is applied and connected to the individual.’s, life is very much a part of a therapeutic process that occurs So what have we learned from working with our trainees? This came out of a discussion that I had with Steve Ross and Tony Bossis a month ago, and I’ve got nine points that I want na make and that will bring me to the end of my talk. For today. There is a complex relationship between spiritual states, the cancer narrative, and experience with altered states. Now we hear these words – and these words are said a lot, but sitting with people and trying to figure out what their cancer narrative means to them, what their life meant and how life has meaning, how cancer affected the meaning in life and the relationship of Those two to this one psychedelic experience: these are like bridges that need to be made and they need to be made actively Just sitting back and saying. So what was it for? You are not going to bring about a very powerful connection unless it’s. Already happened So this complex relationship, I think, has much to be found and discovered about it, but it’s quite important. Secondly, that there’s a great variety in the way that spiritual distress and existential anxiety present themselves In general, the greater the mystical experience, the less active integration is needed. So this is what you know. Some of our mentors have felt that when there’s a more full mystical experience, the integration sort of happens on its own or kind of happens. Naturally, When it’s less and there’s more of a biographical or psychodynamic, then more dynamic work is needed. Number four involvement, as a therapist in a study, brings about deep personal changes in the relationship to cancer, death, and therapeutic stance. For me, this had to do with facing patients who were dying and talking about dying. Looking at my feelings about death, illness, pain, cancer pain, and my mother,’s, death from cancer. All of this got activated in me and I realized how much I had been living. You know once or twice removed from these very deep existential issues, because when you work with addictions, you’re almost always working with somebody who’s going to have a new birth and a new life in sobriety, and there’s much of a hopeful Perspective so this reduction in lifespan and the threat of dying from cancer brought about a change for me. On the other hand, I work in my therapy dyad with somebody who’s been working in cancer care for 15 years, and her attunement to defenses denial around cancer, anxiety, diagnosis, anxiety. The way that somebody hears or doesn’t hear information that they’ve got is very, very refined for her imagining this new technique. This new way of helping a certain kind of suffering that she was so familiar with was quite different for her. It is like What is a psychedelic experience for this particular patient, going to do for this very familiar form of cancer care that she’s done? Number five – and you know this – is like beating a dead horse. The centrality of the construction of meaning healing existential anxiety due to cancer. Core processes that were necessary for the therapist are the cultivation of authentic presence, meditative attention, and balance between overactivity and overinvolvement, usually caused by anxiety in the therapist or detachment, which can be caused by an overvaluation of a certain kind of calm or a certain kind of meditative Observation when a more engaged or forward-leaning approach might be helpful and the skills helpful in bringing about a mystical experience Each therapist’s. The trajectory is embedded in his or her past and path and there’s a great value. When you’re doing short-term therapy like this, to know how to work with patients to know about transference and countertransference and skill about what to open up what to leave closed, how to work with things that emerge how to work with crises that arrive, how To handle the subtle and important things, that you might not recognize, or you might not notice, if you weren’t well trained there’s a great deal of value in being a well trained, therapist And number nine. The unquestioned value of personal experience with entheogens in working with integrative sessions, especially in working with difficult passages during dosing sessions. So I’m going, to sum up with two slides, So I want to talk about the goals of the training program. There are two sets of goals: One is the goals for the therapist, so you know the goals that go in, and the other is goals that go out. The goal of the training program for therapists is to develop the capacity to support spiritual and mystical experiences in the subject and to relate these to illness and mortality and existential anxiety So to conduct short-term therapy, work that integrates spiritual experiences and facilitates psycholytic work. So these are a lot of words to encapsulate what I think is the core task of what we’re trying to do, and that is to be both psychedelic therapists and psycholytic therapists and short-term dynamic, psychotherapists. The therapist’s goal is to become safe, skilled, and knowledgeable in all aspects of the process, meaning patient selection, patient preparation handling the session, and whatever occurs in the psychedelic session and the integration that happens afterward, whether that’s three or six sessions or For several years, which can occur, you know one of the people who were in our research study stayed in treatment with her dyad for several years, because it was just clinically the best thing to do So being able to know when to do what is a very important part of adding this kind of technique to your work And, lastly, to support each therapist’s, talent, maturity and individuality and to practice therapy that is creative, adventuresome and unknowing. And by that I mean where the therapist is comfortable with not knowing what’s going to happen, not knowing what should happen but having an open mind and an open heart to be ready to respond to what does happen And the external or the far-reaching Goals for the training program: these are out for the community First to define a training process and evaluate its effectiveness in an ongoing way. So we had to develop a training program before or you know, without any training ourselves and without actually having done very much psychedelic psychotherapy in this particular context. So we sort of hit the ground running and now by the third round of training, and we’ve done twenty-five subjects in the study. I’m starting to have some preliminary ideas about what’s effective in training. What’s important? What’s not so important, So creating a training process was an essential part of what I was trying to do, and to do this, I just started with one that I thought up and did and said: Okay, how is this working? What’s important and what’s not The next is to provide education and normalization of psychedelic discourse within the highly traditional medical setting. So in this study, the information goes out to departments of psychiatry departments of oncology. We have a journal club, the PGY 4 39. S sometimes comes to our lectures and the fellows in addiction, psychiatry, and in other fellowships, are invited to attend. So there’s a place where psychedelic medicine is being taught and talked about, and when we go to the cancer center. We talk about this. So, even though only twenty-five people have enrolled in our study and received dosing, hundreds and hundreds, if not thousands, of people in the NYU area have heard about the study and are seeing psychedelic medicines being taken seriously and being studied in a rigorously academic way. Thereby creating a conversation for reintroducing these agents into our discourse. The third is to prepare the needs for a Phase III study in which we would be doing two or three or even four hundred subjects in the study. So we’d need a lot of therapists for that and third to establish at least one model for a post-rescheduling world. In other words, if we were going to have Psilocybin offered as a form of therapy and therapists were going to offer it, how will they be trained? What will that therapy look like? How will we know when someone’s a good psychedelic therapist and somebody’s not pulling their weight or not doing a good job, And with that we’ll bring it to the end. Thank you very much.As found on YouTubeHUMAN SYNTHESYS STUDIO 👀🗯 Attention: Have Real Human Spokespeople In Your Videos Saying Exactly What You Want In MINUTES! REAL Humans, REAL Voices, With A NEW Technology That Gives STUNNING Results Choose Your Human + Voice Type What You Want Them To Say Render your “Humatar” What You Are About To See Is Unbelievable…

How to Release Fears and Traumas with Hypnosis

 Alright, we are living. Welcome, guys. Welcome to the journey within It’s a journey of deconstruction and reconstruction of death and rebirth and today, I’ve got a very special hello hypnotist the founder of Twin Ravens Hypnotherapy and Research J Robert, Parker, In The House. Thanks for having me, man. Thank you. Thank you, dude. I think this will be a fun conversation cuz I mean, we. Absolutely. We both study hypnosis and I’d be very interested to get your perspective, you know, and how you got into this. So, um yeah, if you can share a little bit about who you are, how did you even get into this strange world of hypnosis? Uh, that’s an odd story. Um so, previously before the pandemic had been working as a chef uh that restaurant was actually where I met my partner. We did the stereotypical line cook ends up with the waitress thing. Interesting. And uh the the pandemic hit. And I had kinda seen the writing on the wall long before it had an effect. Long story short, you’ll say we both ended up out of jobs and it failed me to kinda pull something out of my bag of tricks to make money. I live in a very, very small town and there’s not a lot of ways to go about that. So, I ended up reading tarot cards professionally. And I was making a pretty good living doing that. And I noticed that I was reading people’s fortunes so to speak. And more using the archetypes of the tarot cards. Uh reframe their problems to them and help change their perspective And I got a lot of satisfaction out of that. And I started looking into what is a way that I can do only that. Uh and of course in an abnormal way. That I can do that cuz why not? And the Facebook algorithm. uh that one random point but HMI in front of me. previous to that, I hadn’t had any experience with hypnosis. I wasn’t even sure if it was real. I was in that camp And I talked to someone from admissions and they intrigued me. I figured why not give it a shot? This seems very interesting. And I think I was about two classes into 101 before I got my mind blown. The first time I saw the physiological responses of hypnosis. The things that can’t be faked. That is just reactionary. it just blew my mind. And then eventually I got to perform hypnosis and then, eventually, I got to experience it and that was a profound thing because uh going to that school, taught me a lot about myself and one of the things I came to learn is uh a lot of what I considered to be unusual behavior in myself. Uh wasn’t and a lot of what I consider to be unusual behavior in others, was it? I was just very extreme on one end of the suggestibility scale and I remember in class, they were explaining the traits of the intellectual suggestible of it’s like, oh, cool. That’s me and I took the suggestibility test and I scored like, eighty-two, my first time I wanna say. Jeez, man, that’s such an interesting thing because you’re, I mean you’re so rare and for you to be in hypnosis and experience hypnosis, uh I’m curious like who hypnotized you and how do they do it, right? Because you’re like the hard type. it was actually in a practice and it was with somebody I mean, I guess I should mention, this guy named Paul Villa Real and he’s since graduated, I believe. And uh, I told them what my suggestibility was and he said, cool. Can I try something? And he did what’s called an auto dual induction and that was the first time that it happened to me and that got me. It got me well enough that the next day, I wrote my custom version of that script uh based upon what worked for me and that was a very unusual thing because Previous to that, II did most of my experience with trance with self-hypnosis. Like, I can kinda help people along whenever they’re practicing on me because I was very aware of that state in myself and where I’d been there in the past, all that stuff. but in terms of outright just being hypnotized by somebody, uh that was the first time, and uh That was profound. Uh, the things that I learned and saw in that first time still kind of uh guide a lot of what I do for my clients. Because one of the things cuz I don’t remember too much of what was addressed. But one of the things that stands out to me as I was introduced to the future version of myself like 5 years in the future or so And that was profound to me. And that person that I saw kind of sticks out in my head and every day I think about what I can do to get to that point. And I have used that to a very great therapeutic effect with certain clients. Uh, I got the specialization in transgender hypnotherapy And one of the things I found with my transgender clients is that that class made me realize so much that it wasn’t just a psychological thing that it was a it was a physiological thing. And in that, that means that your brain is telling you that you look one way. And what you’re seeing in the mirror is telling you something very different. What if you were able to meet who you know you are? What if you were able to meet the person that looks how you know you’re supposed to look? And I find that having that, giving that to that person is substantial to their sense of self and their sense of well-being. Interesting. So, that does sound intriguing for so for someone who is, you know, they’re looking to meet their future, you know, 5 years from the future self. How how can we do that? Um, do you do that through self-hypnosis? Is this a visualization? Um. Um. Visualization. Visualization. I tend to use the LAL. Uh the uh for anyone listening that doesn’t know what that is. It’s a type of hypnotic induction or deepener where you start at a certain floor on an elevator and go down. The elevator opens and you meet this person and I make no attempt to describe this person. It is simply you in advance and II tell you to notice how this person looks, how they hold themselves, how they smell, like how, how they and depending on your suggestibility is kind of how profound that experience is. I um I don’t get hardly any visualization. Uh, I get weird flashes. Uh, I can’t smell anything. I don’t get anything auditory but I get a very heavy kinesthetic response. Uh. Interesting. Fuel things. Yeah. In imagination, right? In hypnosis. It’s not like you can’t smell things right now. Yeah. In the context of hypnosis. Right. Um. feel like if you tell me to walk downstairs, I will like to feel the stairs under my feet and things like that. That’s fascinating. Okay. So, uh for people who are listening, they’re like no idea like suggestibility type, intellectual, physical, you know, you know. Maybe like. Yeah, yeah. Yeah. Cuz like we know, we know exactly what we’re talking about cuz we’re from the same college but um I mean, you break that down and uh yeah. Yeah, just go from there. Okay. Well, you’re the host. Why don’t you explain suggestibility to your audience? I’m Good, man. I could, I could. So, I was like, yeah, why not and you can critique me. But I’m not the one So as you, like you were saying, right, we’re all, first of all, we all can go into hypnosis. That’s a very, very natural state. And um, we, but we’re just on this kind of this uh, scale of suggestibility and some people do better with certain suggestions. versus others, and I lean towards kinda where, where you’re at, where it’s like, we do the, the indirect stories, and then on the other side is the very more paternal, hey, you’re gonna feel this, this is gonna happen, you are now in hypnosis, X, Y, Z, right? And that still does, that can work for me and you know, for others, but, not honestly for you, right? Cuz you’re, you’re very objectively something. If you are literal with me, you just hit a brick wall. Yeah. So I mean like go ahead. Go ahead. I respond very well to stories and um that is so my entire life like I literally when I was a teenager my friends used to text me and just say tell me a story. I just make something up. And to this day if you tell me to make up a story, I can. Like, just off the top of my head. And I uh, a big revelation and it was initially thanks to the man that uh ended up being my mentor. uh, Joe Burns. Oh, dude. Yeah. Awesome. Yeah, and he told me, to throw the script away. Don’t work off script and I took that to heart because it’s much more intimate and so now, that’s what I do. I make up stories. Those same stories that I used to make up for my friends. I now just make up for clients that a lot of the paperwork that I have them do uh for their life history and the um the questions that I ask and the initial consultation and session are kinda getting to know like what story you wanna be told, how you want your story told, and for example, I have a client who recently came to me and this person is a software engineer. Uh a somnambulistic software engineer nonetheless and II just decided because this came at a time in my career I become very frustrated with pre-written scripts. Like I had thrown one away in the middle of a session. Hm. And those three sessions that I had that day I told myself like I’m not gonna prepare a script. I’m gonna figure out my inductions. I’m gonna ask some questions. And I’m just going to make myself go. And I did. And those were three of the best sessions I’ve done. And what I end up doing with the software engineer is I spoke to them with metaphors of code, visualizations of computers, and debugging. And um, Sure enough, that that that safe place in their head was represented as a computer bank. what the way they perceived that computer bank uh mandated where I took that therapy. Just to kind of adjust their visualization. And that’s had fantastic results. Right. So, it’s like when we tailor the therapy to the individual client who’s gonna have, you know, a different background. They’re gonna have different metaphors and um now, this is good cuz um the way I explain like the unconscious and the conscious is that the unconscious is just the realm of metaphors and emotions and it that that seems to be the reason why uh we humans love stories. It’s all. Yeah. Metaphors. Exactly and I ask people. One of the examples I give is, have you ever watched a movie and gotten angry or sad or happy? Uh based on what was on screen. Of course, the answer is inevitably yes. Yeah. So, yes, why? You consciously, logically know that you are watching a falsehood. You know these things aren’t happening. So, why do you feel these emotions? And the answer is that. Your subconscious does not differentiate fact and fiction. It’s a metaphor. It’s a and that’s all it sees that’s well, everyone but the high physicals. Uh, the high physicals don’t tend to dig the metaphor or anything like that. You just gotta tell them how they wanna be and it’s fine but uh for everyone else, it’s and at this point, because of this mentality I’ve taken with my I guess be hypnotic storytelling. Every time I watch a movie now or read a fiction book. I start noticing ways that I can retell that story for different applications or specific scenes. One of the most amazing movies I’ve seen recently is uh have you ever seen that Disney movie Inside Out? Yes. Yeah. Yeah. Uh. Yup. Have you seen it recently? No, that was like, wasn’t that like a decade ago? Yeah. You should rewatch that. Uh mental health professionals helped write that movie and it is still used in the mental. Well, that makes so much feel today. Yeah, that makes so much sense, dude. Yeah. When you rewatch it, with knowledge of the subconscious and metaphor It’s it blows your mind. So, okay. There’s that scene where they enter the subconscious and the critical mind is represented by those two idiot guards. And how do they pass by the critical mind? They confuse it. That’s my hat. No, that’s my hat. Wow. They do a confusion abduction to get rid of the gatekeeper of the subconscious. And more than, when they’re actually in the subconscious, and this speaks to a lot of what I say about fear. One of the first things they see is a giant vacuum cleaner. Um because the way that girl’s subconscious remembered that is because the way we remember our fears is in that moment in time. Frozen at that moment in time. So to that fear and that perception. That’s a giant vacuum cleaner because she was very small when she got that fear. And that has a lot to do with how I address fears and hypnotherapy. Because one of the things I stress is when we have a fear or a trauma which I argue is the same thing because we’re not afraid of something and we as we’re traumatized by it and if we’re traumatized by something, we have a fear. And what I it’s all where it happened at the time. For example, if you became afraid of a vacuum cleaner as a baby or a very small child, the vacuum cleaner would appear much larger because according to your memory and your perception, which cannot be changed until it’s addressed in hypnosis, that thing’s giant or maybe you were bitten by a dog when you were a child and you remember it as just Kujo, some giant, hell hound that almost tore your ankle off because it was so intense and traumatic. Where and hypnosis, maybe it’s just a Jack Russell Terrier that bit your ankle. Hm. When you were 6 years old and you had the emotional intelligence of a 6-year-old. So, you’re going to retain that memory as a 6-year-old until you readdress it and allow that person to uh gain a new subconscious understanding and association of that event. So, I’m gonna try to play advocate here and say, okay, I get it that, you know, when we were six, maybe we’re scared of a vacuum cleaner cuz it seemed very big or a dog or whatnot and we had to distort perception, right? But now that we’re adults and that we have developed our prefrontal cortex and our reasoning and now, we can go and we can experience that, you know, dogs are generally safe for the, for the most part, and happy and man’s best friend, or the vacuum cleaner, you know, it’s fairly harm is. Right and so uh why can’t we just maybe um do a little bit of exposure therapy, a little bit of cognitive behavioral therapy, and just say, hey, this is uh, this is false, this, you know, you can, sometimes. Um, and it depends on how traumatic the memory is. And really, a lot of the way that fears are addressed in hypnosis has to do with uh, desensitate, desensitization, that the same things you would do in the physical world you can do mentally. If you were afraid of dogs rather than go so far as to address that fear live and in person with the dog you could go through that same process of consciously and realize that you have control over that emotion. There’s uh as you know there’s something called circle therapy. Where in hypnosis you are presented with a fear or an anxiety and you are asked to recall that fear and the emotions associated with that fear. Consciously. So, you bring it up on purpose. And then it’s at the same time you tell them to bring it back down. And the purpose of this is for one, every time you tell them bring it back up. It’s a little less. But they gain the understanding that your emotion and your reaction is under your control. The way that you choose to react to this fear is 100% under your control. And once there is that realization, fear tends to fade. or it’s not yours. Uh, that’s an interesting thing I’ve encountered before. What do you mean? Oh, it’s not yours. just that. Um so, I did uh a podcast couple of months ago. Uh about fear. It was called fear. It’s run by two clowns and they were interviewing a German spy who had a fear of heights. And I uh and this is on my website by the way. Everything I’m about to say you can listen to this interview. But this person, this man, um not the shy away from it. He’s a government killer. Like he is what he did. He was in special operations. He went into places he couldn’t talk about and did things he couldn’t talk about. He was afraid of heights. As unusual as that is. And uh this was all done in about twenty minutes. I transit him. I took him back to that moment on the plane. Cuz he got that fear from his first training jump when he was seventeen. And in the process of just walking him through that moment. He realized something. That he had forgotten about until that moment in hypnosis obviously, this person was a very high physical. So, they said they could feel the vibration of the engines. They could smell the gas on the plane. They were there. Um, the kid that jumped before him screamed in terror and he went from being fine and calm to terrified. But he didn’t remember that. And so at this moment, he realized that this fear he had been carrying for decades wasn’t even his and I called him out of a trance, and within 5 minutes of that, he was hanging off the side of a balcony. Saying like, I don’t feel a thing. Huh. So, yeah. This is all in hypnosis. Yes. Um. And not the balcony thing. Yeah. That’s what’s interesting. So, he remembered in hypnosis the um. The other kind. Where’s my cause? Just got scared. And it wasn’t even his fear that that kid’s fear transferred to him and before he had time to process it, he was kicked out the door. So, this entire time, he’s been perceiving this event as his fear when as you know, if we’re around someone afraid or scared or happy, if but for a short moment, we feel that before we process it out as not ours but what if you didn’t get that chance? What if you feel that fear and before you could be like, man, that kid was scared. Somebody’s grabbing you by your collar being like, your turn. and he just perceived that as his fear. So, yeah, fear didn’t belong to him. Wow Yeah. So, I’d be curious um on your philosophy when it comes to trauma, right? So, for that particular case, I guess he just, he was able to kinda remember and and and bring up that unconscious material and then, oh, hey, this is not my fear. Um but do you think for trauma? Before we even get to that, what do you mean when you say trauma? Trauma is any event. leaves an impression later down the line. Usually negative. Uh, I guess it should be specifically negative. Um, something that leaves an imprint, something that uh like, okay, this would be just seen in the movie Inside Out. Trauma is when a negative memory becomes a core memory. that that it becomes a core memory is an aspect of your personality. So, it’s. Oh. Whenever something negative becomes a core aspect of your personality. Because of course, we all go through negative things but what if that negative thing is so extreme or its perception is so extreme that it formed every opinion and perception that you had after that event because it was a core part of your personality? Hm. That’s why that movie’s so good. Like, dude, I need to rewatch. You do. I took notes. I’ve got notes somewhere on that damn movie. Well, yeah. I feel like I’ve matured so much since then and then with the knowledge of hypnosis and now, parts therapy. So, I don’t know if you ever heard of uh internal family systems or any kind of parts therapy. I’m sure you, I mean, we, it’s, it’s been mentioned here and there in the college. Yeah. But um yeah, it’s so amazing now that I’m in like parts therapy and I’m sure it would, you know when you see all the different emotions like, oh, that makes so much sense. Like, yeah, we have all these different parts of us that sometimes different things and it gets into conflict, you know? So. One of the things that I’ve really kind of come to realize through doing this work and that I tell all of my clients is we are all at our core children. We are all scared eight-year-old kids. We’ve kind of got that cuz that’s when we form our core beliefs from zero to eight. So, by the time we’re eight, that’s our core self. Yeah. And that, that you, all exist and that what it means to be an adult is to learn how to parent yourself. How to parent your inner child. And that’s a perspective that I ask a lot of my clients to take. Because II asked them especially the ones that have children. Like the way, you talk to yourself. When you talk to your child like that. Yeah. But is that the way your parents talk to you? if you didn’t like that, why are you continuing to treat yourself like that? Why, why don’t you give yourself that same understanding? Because what, think about it. We all wanna stay up later than we should. We all wanna eat **** that we shouldn’t but we have that voice in our heads. Like, no, you have obligations in the morning. You have to get up or you know, that’s gonna upset your stomach or whatever have you and it’s the same things you tell a child but you have to tell yourselves. So, the way that you speak to yourself in that regard is very important. Yeah. Um what I’ve realized at least for myself, is that there’s even more than one inner child. Yeah. You know, there are lots of parts of us um that that have different goals and different perceptions and might get, you know, yeah, might get into fights or something. Um and so, it’s not even just the inner child but like, how do we parent all the different parts of us and realize that there is no bad part? You know, you wouldn’t call a child bad. You just would. Exactly. You know. Um, re-educate them. I heard something. I can’t remember if it was in class or in something I was watching. But it said that everyone has good intentions. Yeah. Everyone. No matter how evil or messed up. If anything there are always some manner of good intentions at their core. Yes. It could be wildly misperceived. It could be a mental illness. there are always even, even crimes of hate, even when somebody murders someone else, they’re trying to satisfy something in them. They’re trying to make something in them go away. So, they’re trying to take care of themselves. Yup. Or they feel some weird obligation to fulfill. It’s all manner of reasons but all all of these things boiled down to. They are for themselves or someone else or whatever have you. It’s good intentions. Just like your subconscious Yes. Always has your best intentions in mind. Even with traumatic things. Even with bad reactions. It is still just trying to protect you. Yeah. Just trying to preserve its homeostasis. It’s normal. yeah. Now, that’s powerful. And I think when we understand that, you know, I think sometimes we can like vilify the subconscious or vilify these different behaviors but they’re all serving some kind of purpose. So, you know, if you’re, if you’re traumatized, it’s trying not to get you into that painful situation. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. So, if you have crippling anxiety, it’s you’re subconscious, it’s your mind trying to protect you. You just have this fear reaction that’s out of control. And It’s there’s a lot to be said in terms of healing just for the awareness of that. So much of my work and especially my breakthrough work with clients has been through subtle changes in perspective. And that’s it. It’s not much more than that. It’s sometimes there are some changes to behaviors or thoughts changes. But a lot of it has to do with um the way you look at a situation, how you perceive it, why you think this way, why you think this way about yourself Although it’s stereotypical in therapy, I find myself asking the question, why are you feel that way? Where does that come from? A lot. Right. And there’s always something. There’s always another layer deeper until you get to that aha moment. And you can tell whenever something has left their mouth that even they didn’t think of. They’d never even made that association before. And just by having that come into their conscious mind by being able to consider that logically. You’ve already gone so far in that healing. It’s like when we raise our awareness and take different perspectives, then, behaviors start to shift. Well, it’s like uh I’m not a big NLP guy but there are some aspects in neuro-linguistic programming that I like and one of those is the mindfulness aspect. The idea of being aware of what you’re thinking. Uh taking control over your thoughts. I thought Joe did a very good example when he talked about how he was crossing the road and he started getting this perception of these men in this car at this crosswalk about how they wanted to do him harm and he started getting anxious about this imagined situation and he stopped himself and he forced his thoughts to something ridiculous. I forgot what he said he pictured those guys in this car doing but immediately changed his thought pattern. Yeah. And he was able to just walk away and he looked back and he said, they’re just both on their phone doing nothing. And that’s right. He’s told me that story too. That’s right. Yeah. And II love that story. It’s hilarious But it’s a very good example. Because so so often we let our thoughts kinda run out of control. And it does us some good to stop and think like why do you think that? Why are you thinking that way? Why? Why do you believe like there’s something to be nervous about in this situation? Where is that coming from? Hm. All your trail back. Figure out why you’re nervous. So we’re so for somebody who likes you asked them that like oh why are you nervous? Why are you afraid? And they’re like I don’t know. No idea. Well. What? How did you ask? Mhm. What makes you nervous? How do you feel when you’re nervous or afraid? Um did you, were you always afraid of this? If you weren’t always afraid of this, when’s the last time you remember not being afraid of it? When is the first time you remember being afraid of it? most time in my experience, people haven’t taken that logical path back. They just stop with, I don’t know. They it’s that self-examination is difficult. Um, a good example of this is I had a client that said that They wish that they were able to perceive themselves as others perceive them, as strong as others perceive them and I said, well, why don’t you think you’re strong? got into a car wreck and I felt like I could have done better and I felt like I failed. Why do you feel like you failed? Well, because I couldn’t be there when my grandfather died. and there was just this dawning realization when they said that. And I was like, you never said that out loud, have you? No. There you go. So, that is currently on the table for the next time and uh it’s just a good example of just keep following the path back. If you do, there there’s always a reason for the behavior. It’s never an I don’t know. There’s an I don’t want to remember. There’s uh I choose not to know but. Yup. There’s not a mystery. There’s always a reason that Could be had through questioning, figuring out when and where, and all of that. Yeah. Yeah. So, I’m curious cuz there are different schools of thought and not even hypnosis but in therapy that maybe, hey, don’t go back to the cause.  You know, that’s just bringing up things that um that don’t necessarily need to be brought up or you can retraumatize people. X, Y, Z, focus on the solution, focus on the future, and more of like the positive thinking kind of approach. Um, I’m curious about what your thoughts on that are. It depends on the trauma Uh if it’s something like that they view as very grievous, it is something bad. I don’t ever ask people what their traumatic thing is. Like, you can just tell me that something bad happened in 2,000 seven. And that’s all I need to know. Uh, beyond that, all I, with, with that, I will, there’s a couple ways. But you, there’s no direct reexperience. You don’t take them back and make them live through it again. It’s antithetical to the goal. What you do is you take away that association. You make that not a core memory. They don’t focus on the events. They focus on the resolution. And the letting goes after that resolution. There’s a method that I very much enjoy that involves having them perceive this event on a screen. And they fast forward and rewind and fast forward and rewind until all that exists before the event and after the event. that that association is. And then after you establish that, you let them let go of that memory, of that association. And Trauma is very dependent on what happened. And uh sometimes it’s dependent upon um my referral. Because many times whenever it’s complex trauma uh I’m speaking to them on referrals from a mental health professional. Mhm. And a lot of it has to do with my communications with that mental health professionals. Whatever you learn. You know you’ve done. What do you need to be done? Um, it’s very important if you do find yourself working with uh medical doctor or mental health professional to get on the same page with them. Like involve yourself in that client and have them help you, help them, help that client. It’s a team effort at that point. It’s so dependent because II work with people with combat PTSD. I have uh postpartum depression. It’s just a matter of where this trauma and negative behavior come from. Often, uh with the combat PTSD, it’s always really heartbreaking to do those and I’m very happy that I get a chance to work with those men and women. there’s a lot that’s, for example, like what they’re not allowed to feel. Because you’re expected to, I literally soldier on. Hm. And there comes a time that that’s not a thing anymore. That you have to address what has happened to be able to heal. And I see a very similar thing in combat veterans that I see in people who suffer from trauma. they’ll go back to the closest safe save point in their head Uh it’s usually sometime when they’re a late teenager or soldier. It’s generally seventeen, or eighteen. And they’ll start adopting the traits that age. because they have all of these traumatic memories from older when they were older. So, it seems like psychologically, they just go back to the last time they were safe and untraumatized because it’s no longer safe to be an adult and I see that repeated time and time. Yeah, it’s. Wow. Interesting yeah, it must be very, very difficult to work with. Yeah, people who experience extreme, extreme trauma. Mm-hmm. So. I’m glad you are. But it’s one of those things like, once I realized what hypnosis was capable of and what it could do I kinda felt obligated to offer my services to them because it doesn’t matter what you think politically. It doesn’t matter what you think about war or the war or soldiers, the government, or anything like that. It has to do with these are deeply traumatized people who not getting the care and resolution that they need. I just feel obligated that if I have this toolset that allows me to give them that resolution, I should, that it doesn’t matter anything at all if I’m anti-war, pro-war, anti-government, pro-government, none of that. None of that matters. It’s just people. It’s just men and women who have seen things and done things that no one should be asked to see or do. And that’s it. That’s all it is. I’ve had a chance to see a wonderful change in those people because so much of it is it’s just difficult for them to deal with that, to face that. Whatever it is that they see. to do that is profound. To give them a safe place to do that. That is guided and secure. And it’s an interesting thing that for some reason people are hesitant to seek out psychotherapy. I have no problem with hypnotherapy. That. Really? Yeah, and I don’t know why that is. it’s fine and generally, I will encourage someone that if this isn’t something that they’ve seen a therapist for and they need to in the process of things, just be like, okay, now that we’ve kind of helped you through this, you need to consider bringing on someone else as well.

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And therapy isn’t the cure-all. It’s great for a bunch of things but sometimes you need other stuff. Yeah. Yeah. In fact, like, the way I see it is to attack it from every angle. Mm-hmm. Absolutely. Yeah. There’s no reason not to bring in everyone who could help. Yeah Perfect. So, uh I’m just going back to um you know, how you got into hypnosis and you talked about, you know, self-hypnosis and I’m sure that that has helped you and I mean, it’s helped me. I think it can help a lot of people where they can just utilize this modality, get over, get over some fears maybe, you know. Absolutely. I’m curious how, how you do self-hypnosis and what’s worked for you. So, that’s changed recently Longest time I did it as we were trained. And uh one of the things I’ve started to focus on recently. my self-hypnosis work and with my clients is nostalgia. This weird thing that exists in our minds seems to be separate from everything else. And what I do to self-hypnotize now is II focus on one of my far-off memories. Like one of my distant distant nostalgic childhood memories. Now form that as solidly as I can and just start doing breathing exercises. And focusing on that nostalgic moment and gets me right into a trance every time. Interesting. And do you think that would work with other intellectual suggestions? You know, high E note? Uh, I have clients that nostalgia has started to become a major part of our work. Because, um, I don’t even know how to define it. It doesn’t exist in a space like other memory. It’s it’s different. It’s more intense. It’s standard memory. It doesn’t have that feeling that’s associated with it. And I don’t know what that feeling is. Um actually, that’s one of the things that I want to focus on the most with research as that’s what nostalgia is and what its uses are about hypnosis. Yeah. Um and it’s, I’ve already started using it with a few clients, this notion of focusing on intense nostalgia to facilitate trance and I’ve had very good effects. Yeah. Well, that’s that reminds me of Erickson and I’m sure you know his story by the way, for people that are watching that and not familiar with Eric’s uh Milton Erickson, he was one of the greatest hypnotherapy of all time and did very indirect, artfully, vague, lots of metaphors and stories and god just brilliant results as a genius and um you know, when he was younger, he had polio, couldn’t move, thought about a memory of when he could and then all of a sudden 30 minutes later, he found himself Maybe. Well, that’s why a lot of the clients that I’m working with nostalgia are my clients that have self-perception issues and self-confidence issues Because nostalgia exists in a point of pure happiness. You don’t have negative nostalgic memories. Really? And yeah. This nostalgia by its very definition is positive. Huh, and it’s it may or may or may not be true because memory sucks but it doesn’t matter because your perception of that memory is nothing but positive. Nothing but happy. And so by recalling these memories, you’re able to recall this happiness. Uh, one of the more interesting bits of homework. That I’ve given my clients is uh sometime between now and our next session. Go on YouTube and look up an hour of old commercials or old cartoon intros from your childhood or something Like that. Um. Cartoon Network. Yeah. Something. I’ve uh I spent like 2 hours one night just watching intros to cartoons from the nineties. Like that’s it. And I’ve kind of become very focused on it. I very much love that sensation of nostalgia. I think it’s important therapeutically. That’s kind of why I put so much effort into exploring it myself. Yeah. Uh, Anytime I have like a nostalgic memory or thought, I kind of try to capture that and examine it and like figure out what I could do to bring myself back to that time and just that ponder ance alone has a hypnotic effect And I don’t know what it is about where nostalgia exists in the memory. it’s its present. there is an odd field of science. That’s kind of coming up now. That’s the quantum sciences. And there are some individuals doing work right now. or up to it including hypnosis that are fascinating. Um, the main person I’m speaking about is this guy named Doctor Dean Raiden who is the head of the Institute of Noetic Sciences. And yep I heard of them. Uh, he wrote a book called Real Magic. That is the scientific research and analysis behind certain processes. Like ESP whatever have you. Um, and it’s done strictly from the view of science and research. And These things are related to hypnosis because if the institute can be said to have any goal or direction, it’s consciousness research. Why? What are we? Why are we? I kind of think. Yeah. And the book doesn’t answer any of those questions but this book does provide uh an interesting indication of the direction of science and what we’re looking at in the next twenty years. One of the most fascinating things uh about living in this time certainly isn’t the plague or climate death but uh there is a concept called the singularity and there’s a version that exists in AI and there’s a version that just exists as humanity and the idea of the singularity in terms of humanity. Are that human technological eras exponential? That to get from the bronze age, the iron age was like two 2,000 years from the iron age to the industrial age like a thousand. Industrial age. It only lasts two hundred. Then, you get to the point now that the internet age only lasts twenty years. So. Oh, we’re not, are we, Oh yeah, you’re right. Uh-huh? I was just trying to think like, well, yeah. And. Previous to that, the computer age only lasted like fifty And so, now we are approaching this point in human evolution and development that um progress. The human era can no longer be measured. That each human technological era begins to overlap itself. And that progress became becomes foreseeable by the organic mind. we have a date for that. And it’s twenty-forty-five. Uh between twenty forty-five, 2055 is when the singularity is supposed to occur. And what? So what is that what is that mean exactly? That means human technological progress becomes infinitely fast. Every day there are new technological breakthroughs. Every day there is more progress. Um. How does even determine this state? Do you know? Well. I don’t know. Smarter men than me have done this math. Yeah. But it’s you see it evident in human evolution. These cuz there’s there were times in our history when thousands and thousands of years were spent the same. centuries were spent the same. There was no real development. It was just kind of an age. Living in the era that we live in now, it becomes very difficult to conceive of that. Because even if you’ve been around for twenty years, you’ve seen insane amounts of progress. And that simply just didn’t happen. Previously. Right. Ever since the industrial age for better or worse, we’ve sprinted towards this exponential progress, and as to what singularity looks like, oh no. Uh, I surely just hope it’s not a new iPhone a day. Uh, I’m hoping it’s not the AI, you know, um. Oh, god. Take me over the world and. The matrix. I uh. I’m kind of opposed to AI. Kinda not. Because to get AI, we have to first solve the consciousness problem, and we solve the consciousness problem. Good luck. That pretty much unlocked the singularity right there. But at the same time okay, let’s say if we unlock consciousness, let’s say we’ve created an artificial intelligence. We have created a thinking, feeling machine. The feeling of what? How do you know that consciousness implies emotion? What, how do you know what that emotion is? Right. Right. It’s defining consciousness. Mm-hmm. Which is the tricky part. So, and then one of the interesting questions I’ve, it’s been posed to me is does emotion evolve? Are we more emotionally intelligent now than we were 500 years ago? You gotta remember 500 years ago, what was considered fun was watching the local heretic gutted in the public square. So, I have to think that, yeah, we have grown. I, I do think we’ve owned in some ways, and at the same time, you know, there’s always going to be some kind of watching people get, you know, it’ll be a violent movie. Um. Yeah. Yeah. US, UFC, you know, we I mean II remember. Yeah. I don’t know how old you are but. I’m almost forty. There was a show on in the 90s called America’s Funniest Home Videos. That’s right. And it was hosted by Bob Saggett for some reason. And uh there used to be a rule. But it first came out. That no one could get hurt. And the video. It was an explicit rule. What? no1 could be injured. Yes. Well and then the dude getting hit in the nuts by a football One 3 years in a row. And they realized their entertainment value. Exactly. Cuz when I watched it, it was like 80% of people getting hurt. Yeah, absolutely. Yeah. And uh that’s an interesting aspect of humanity that to my knowledge, only the Germans have attempted to quantify. Uh, they have a word called uh Shodden Freuda. Which basically if I remember right, translates to the sad joy. And it is the pleasure that you get from other people’s pain. It is you who laugh at someone falling downstairs. It’s the reason you laugh at anything like that. Though the Germans have a word for it. It is Yeah. It exists Universally. And that is the very reason that um that that things like America’s funniest home videos or **** exist. Yeah. And it has to be II wonder really what is it psychologically that makes us like that? Is it a survival aspect of that ain’t me? Yeah. Yeah, I don’t know. Well because one of the weird questions I’ve never heard answered is uh why do we laugh? Like what even is laughter? Right. What is humor? Yeah. Uh-huh. and um because it wouldn’t exist for no reason. Laughter has to have a function the most interesting notion that I’ve heard is it was made as a diffused mechanism. The whole idea of why we find humor or awkwardness humorous. Because of like let’s say you were walking around the pack way back in the day. And you heard the Bush’s Russell. And everyone gets scared. You see the rabbit jumps out, so you laugh. And that signal which creates a neurological response in any human that hears it Is a way to signal the all clear. And maybe it’s a way to signal that hey that wasn’t me that just slammed into a **** curve on a bicycle or something like that. Like I don’t know what that is. I don’t define what humor is or why we laugh, to begin with. Right. Difficult question. And then you make it even more complex by the fact that some animals laugh. Really? Uh. Huh. Rats will laugh. Horses will laugh. Um, horses have displayed complex humor. Rats will laugh. Rats, you could tickle a rat. It’ll laugh. Giggle. That is so strange. Wow. They’re hyper-intelligent. Um, A horse. There’s some search horse prank on YouTube and you will get nothing but videos of horses taking revenge on people and laughing about it or playing a prank on their handler or something. it’s pretty. That’s always been the strangest thing to me because that implies very complex emotional intelligence to have humor. Yeah. Well, we’ve strayed. This is a very interesting topic for sure, man. Philosophical, psychological, like cultural, uh what’s called anthropology, anthropological questions. Um kinda tying it back to hypnosis. Well, I mean and you were talking about singularity and consciousness. Was that, were you going somewhere that in terms of hypnosis? Who knows? Um well, probably where I was going with that. Um if not, where I’m going now is that what we do is going if it’s not already it is going to become vital to consciousness research and what it means to have that type of increased development that we can analyze ourselves and others in ways that we haven’t been able to in the past. I’ve heard some theories that the notion of metaprogramming. Being able to actively change our thoughts and behaviors is uh an evolutionary step that is not something we’ve always had. That this ability to change everything about ourselves to suit our purposes is evolutionary. And I will take that one step further one of the things that I propose in many of my interviews is we don’t have free will. If everything of what we do is a product of association and learned behavior. How is that in any way an expression of choice? Now where free will comes in is when you choose to alter that behavior to suit your life when you choose how you want to view something. When you choose how you wanna act and react to something. Right, but aren’t those also dictated by past programming, by culture, um your knowns, so to speak? Yeah. You know. Could be. But it is the conscious choice of say if you have anxiety and you wish to resolve it. That is a conscious choice. Um. Right. Another example of a guess is if you don’t like a certain food, well, it stops. Like it. But you can’t. Okay, well, what if you could make that choice? What if you could just choose to make a certain food or like reading or like something in particular? What if your association was different? And that’s where the change comes in. That’s where the choice comes in. At least I think. That’s just uh the logical quandary that I like to present to people. Yeah. You know, this whole free-will discussion, man. That’s above my pay grade. I do mean on most days, I lean towards, you know, there probably is in free will but What I will say is I think it’s important for us to believe that there’s free will even if there’s not. Just to function in society and for mental health and yeah. Um, there are a lot of things like that that you don’t have time to get into today but it exists for you. You just have to play along to function. The biggest landmine in thought projects I could think of is simulation theory. Because you can neither prove it nor disprove it. So you could just continually fall that rabbit hole. So what is simulation The idea that we live in a simulation? Okay yeah, the matrix. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah yeah. There is no way to prove it. There’s no way to disprove it. Yup. And I have no couple of people that fell far down that hole. Yeah. So, now, this is not a lot of quantum physicists, okay? And obviously, I’m not anywhere near that realm and intelligence but from what I’ve heard and read and understand as a layman is that there is an interpretation that will lead to us being in a simulation, there are some quantum physicists who would say that, and um. Uh, who’s the deal? That it is. Yeah. Statistically more likely that we’re in a simulation than not. Is it? Yeah. Yeah. And it the singularity comes into that because it assumes that any civilization that gains enough technology to run a simulation will do so simply to gather information and that given our technological progress, it is more likely that we have reached that point and we are in a simulation, then, it is not. So, wait, maybe the similarities are just when our when our holes pop open and we all get to come to to play in the real world. You know what? I think this ties nicely into hypnosis. Yeah. Okay. Because our beliefs, our core beliefs, a lot of them, are just BS. Yeah. It’s all perception. Reality is perception and as hypnotists, we can help you change that perception. Yeah, I don’t know if you, if you’ve been part of like a stage hypnotist show, hypnosis show? No, I’m opposed to stage hypnosis. What? Uh. It’s something I’ve to develop and like, yeah, I get that reaction a lot but speaking to clients and speaking to podcasters doing interviews, Stage Hypnosis is responsible for 90% of the misconceptions and falsehoods about hypnosis. And I could say To me, hypnosis and hypnotherapy is a very, very, very powerful tool and it needs to be regarded as such and if we’re up on stage using what is supposed to be a powerful tool to make people stand on their head, that doesn’t allow people to view it with the, the gravity that they should because, to them, it becomes this, this parlor trick this and more than that, I’ve encountered people who’ve had negative experiences with stage hypnotists. Uh because of what they’ve experienced on stage, they would never get hypnotized again. I’ve thought about that a lot. Would I ever do stage work? And I think at this point, the answer is no. Uh, I would do parlor work within a small setting like Transing one person in front of a small group just as a demonstration. That’s fine but doing it as a spectacle in front of a crowd. I think personally, this is only my opinion that it robs hypnosis of some of the dignity that it deserves. Hm. And I understand why it exists cuz yeah, it’s a neat thing But like, given how important I feel that hypnosis is to, in the understanding of it is to our health. Did damages its capacity to do so, by it being a stage show. Here, here’s my kind of argument. Um, because if show somebody that, you know, hey, I can make you bark like a dog, cluck like a chicken, uh via the power of hypnosis. Imagine what it’ll do therapeutically. Imagine how easy it is for you to quit smoking or lose weight or you know. How many are to go to anxiety? Going to be convinced with that versus how many people are going to be convinced that it’s fake or that? Yeah, I know I get a process or that it’s mind control. Yeah. And that’s the contribution to the negativity that comes in. And the media doesn’t help because every time you see a movie where hypnosis is involved outside of uh black magic, that one movie from the forties. Um, it’s all **** Like it’s all just weird. if that’s not actually how that works. But it makes people believe it. That’s why you ask someone to imagine what a hypnotist is. The first thing they think is that. Yeah. I have one somewhere. Hey, it’s a legit induction man. It works. I know. That’s the whole reason I dug mine out is because like man if I’m a hypnotist I wanna trans someone with a pocket watch. Exactly. That’s why I got it too. Just for that. Yeah. Yeah. I got you. Oh, I feel like this might be a good stopping point, man. It’s been a fun conversation. I don’t know if there’s anything that you. Yeah, man. Thank you for coming on and um uh is there anything maybe you wanna end with before um you know, ask you how people can find you and work with you? Um well, one of the things I always like to end with, you’ve already mentioned that hypnosis is natural. It’s normal. It’s not a metaphysical thing that this is a natural function of the human mind and that there’s no reason not to utilize it for positive change. It’s there anyway. We’re not adding anything. So, it’s something that I believe anyone can benefit from But if anyone wants to get a hold of me, uh like I was so enthusiastically introduced, my name is Jay Robert Parker. I own Twin Ravens Hypnotherapy and Research LLC and you can get a hold of me through my website at WWW dot Ravens dot ORG. Very nice. And you are doing group hypnotherapy as well. Oh, yes. Um I, if you go to a meetup, uh meetup .com and search for twin ravens hypnotherapy. I have a bi-weekly group hypnosis that I’m starting up. Uh, just kind of as an experiment, see how well it catches on but it’s just uh every other week, just doing some general relaxation, motivation, just basic stuff, and way. Anyone that wants to be able to experience hypnosis gets the opportunity. It’s not the same as one-on-one but your results may vary. Some people get a very profound experience. Some people likely do but you always get something. You let them know what it is. Yeah. And awesome. Great talking to you man. Absolutely. And I just wanna vouch for Robert’s skill and his compassion and passion in this work cuz I’ve been in one of those group uh hypnotherapy sessions. And it was very powerful. So I recommend anyone who wants to experience the power of hypnosis, to change their lives, to go with, to with Robert and you’re in good hands. So, thank you, man. Thank you for coming on. Absolutely. Thanks for having me. Alright. Peace out, guys.As found on YouTubeHUMAN SYNTHESYS STUDIO 👀🗯 Attention: Have Real Human Spokespeople In Your Videos Saying Exactly What You Want In MINUTES! 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How Does Exposure Work For Anxiety? Habituation vs Inhibitory Learning (Podcast Ep 226)

 Drew Linsalata This week on the anxious truth. We’re going to get a little geeky with it. We’re going to talk about how exposure works. Why sometimes? It only works part of the way and you wind up prone to setback or relapse. We’re going to talk about habituation versus inhibitory learning. I promise not to get too technical. We’re going to keep it friendly. Let’s go Hello. Everybody welcome back to the anxious truth. This is podcast episode number two to six recording in September of 2022. I am Drew Linsalata creator and host of the anxious truth. If you are new to the podcast or the YouTube channel and have just stumbled on the anxious truth is the podcast that covers all things: anxiety, anxiety disorders, and anxiety, recovery. Welcome. I’m happy you’re here, And I hope you find it helpful If you are a returning listener or YouTube viewer. Welcome back, Always happy that you’re here. Thank you for your continued support. Today we are going to talk about the mechanics of exposure, how exposure works sometimes and why sometimes it doesn’t work fully and why some people wind up in setbacks, and how we can maximize the value of our exposure. Essentially, this was requested by a lot of people when they asked about the difference between habituation and inhibitory learning, So it’s gon na get a little bit technical and a little bit geeky, but I’m such a nerd about this stuff. I dig this way back in school, at the masters level, to go through all of this stuff, But I promise I’m going to keep it a little bit friendly and that we’re not going to get too technical here. I’m going to keep it within the context of recovery, So before we get to the meat and potatoes of the episode, I just want to remind you that the anxious truth is more than just this. Podcast episode There are 200, something other free, podcast episodes. There’s a bunch of years worth of free social media content. There’s my free morning newsletter and podcast called The Anxious Morning. There are three books that I’ve written about anxiety and anxiety disorders and recovery. There is a free one-hour recovery, one on one seminar and there is a webinar that I do every month with my friend Joanna hardest. She’s an anxiety and OCD specialist from Cleveland. We do a webinar on the art of distress, and tolerance. All of those things are the anxious truth. Com Go check them all out. If you are already reading my books and you’re digging them maybe head on over to Amazon and review them for me, it helps me out And if you are enjoying my work, it is helping you and you would like to help to keep it Free of sponsors and advertisers All the ways that you can do that are at the anxious truth, com support. It is never required, but always appreciated, And thank you guys for all the different ways that you support my work. I appreciate every one of you So let’s get into this habituation versus inhibitory learning, So we know about exposure and we know about going toward the things we fear and not avoiding or trying to escape. We’re not trying to engineer our life so that we never get triggered. We know that exposure is an effective tool when it comes to anxiety disorders. We’re going to start from that premise because we know this to be true, But how does it work? I’m going to give you the TLDR. It the too long and didn’t read if you want to stop listening now ready Here. It is Old school exposure based on habituating to anxiety, which is all about learning that you’re, okay, as long as anxiety decreases or disappears Now that sort of works, But it leads to a fragile state of recovery and frequent relapses and setbacks. Current models of exposure are, in many cases a little bit harder. They’re a little harsher, but they’re based on learning that you are okay and can handle it even when or if you get anxious or panic. That leads to more durable and wider states of recovery, So habituation will get you to I’m okay. As long as I don’t get anxious, whereas inhibitory learning we’ll when we allow it to happen, we’ll get you to. I’m no longer worried about being anxious. It doesn’t matter Now, which do you think is better? I can tell you this when you encounter a fully recovered person that does not experience relapses or setbacks. You’re talking to somebody that wound up with the second result, not the first Alright, so that’s like the Reader’s Digest version of this episode. If you want to hit the eject button, go ahead and do that now, But we’re gon na get more detailed, So this can get super technical and geeky as I said, but I’m not going to get technical and geeky on you here. Now I could link a bunch of research papers in the show notes for this episode, which will be at the anxious truth com two to six, But that is probably a bad idea, And here’s, why. I know that many of you listening wind up almost obsessively researching recovery techniques and methods reading and reading and trying to make sure that either you have the best way to guarantee that you are doing it right because you need to do it right to Try to guarantee that you absolutely will recover or to get immediate relief. It can be way too easy to dig yourself into a ditch and a hole based on obsessively trying to research recovery and get it exactly right. So you can Google on your own. If you must, but I’m going to say if you are prone to that kind of habit, Please sort of think twice about doing that. Alright. So a few important points point that we want to get into here I’m working from notes today, which is a little bit unusual, but it is a little technical. So I want to make sure that I hit all the points So exposure. Let’s talk about exposure Exposure is not the thing that you are doing: right, driving, walking staying home alone, or holding a knife in your hand that’s not the exposure. The exposure is to the sensations, thoughts, and emotions that you will experience when you do those things right. So nobody listening to this podcast is using exposure to learn how to drive again or to walk to the park or nobody’s. Doing listening to the podcast to learn how to stay home alone or to hold a knife, We’re learning, and you’ve heard me say this so many times, probably sick of it. By now, we’re learning how to relate differently to the way we feel when we do those things. This is important, right? Keep this in mind as we go through this podcast episode. The exposure is the anxiety, the symptoms, the thoughts, the sensations all of those things, the emotions that are the exposure. We only use driving staying home alone, and holding a knife to trigger those things. So keep that in mind. Exposure is about coming into contact with good exposure right Where we’re going to try to leverage the mechanism mechanism of inhibitory learning. Good exposure is about coming into contact with those sensations. Those scary thoughts, then the emotions, the feelings, the symptoms, or trying to come into contact with those things, while also resisting the urge to perform safety rituals or compulsions that you are hopeful will take away the bad feelings And the fear that, because you hate that right, So what are some examples of that would be going home when you panic at work, if you’re out trying to practice driving turning the car around when you get anxious, while you’re driving and going home like exiting the exposure, only Doing certain things with a safe person Using safety devices like men,’s or snacks, or essential oils or ice packs, or always having had water with you in case you get anxious Another one would be automatically calling somebody a partner or a friend or somebody to Have them talk you through? If you get anxious And the last one is, I mean I’m involved in this one instantly. Turning on a podcast episode, when you get anxious, If you start to feel yourself panic, if you immediately run for your favorite episode of the anxious truth or your anxiety, toolkit or the panic, pod or all the hard things, whichever podcasts you like, if you immediately Run to a podcast episode that’s a safety and escape behavior right. Do you do any of those things? So let’s talk about those things that speak to the idea that when I do difficult things I’m trying to make my anxiety decrease. I need to make it a lesson that speaks to habituation Right? Habituation is a natural process, humans and animals habituate. So the idea of habituation is that you start to get used to it right When we looked at exposure based on habituation getting used to something so so that your reaction to it decreases. We kind of had that right, But we were missing some important parts of the puzzle And when we looked at some of that, when I say wave the royal way, everybody in the behavioral sciences and clinical circles, not me and you. But when we looked at this stuff over time, we started to see that hey CBT is super effective, like old-school CBT. That was just you know, exposure get used to it, get used to it, and then it goes away. When we looked at the success rates there, they were way better than other forms of therapy. True but then the relapse rate was pretty high Right, So the relapsing setback rate was pretty high with that And what is the situation we find ourselves in now? Is that a lot of people, because they tried to get a basic understanding of exposure like okay? I get it, I just have to do the things. So if you think that exposure is just doing things, then you are kind of accidentally relying on habituation. You expect that, if I do it, then anxiety will lessen over time because I’ll get used to it And yes again, that happens. Habituation is part of this for sure all the time, But that’s kind of an old-school way where exposure was done incrementally Sounds familiar right? Lots of repetition Sounds familiar, but more simplistically, simply trying to get someone acclimated or habituated to anxiety. So if you are hoping that you can just keep pushing through your exposures and engineering them so that they are as easy as you can make them and remember our list of safety behaviors, then you are purely banking on habituation to get you to a recovered state. What’s the problem with that? This often leads to partial recovery or good enough recovery. The acceptable bubble you hear me talk about this is where you can do most of what you need to do and manage life daily. You’re not completely restricted anymore, but you’re usually doing that with a big set of conditions and restrictions. So I’ll get I’ll. Give you a couple of examples. I can do the school pickup now, But if I’m having a really bad day, my partner does it. I bet this one. I can stay home alone now As long as they know that they’re or someone around that. I can call in case. I get anxious or have at this one I’m pretty good at handling my intrusive thoughts now, But I still can’t watch any movies that have babies in them or I spiral Right So that’s sort of good enough recovery. Partial recovery is acceptable, but a bubble recovery that kind of recovery has a limit. And when you cross that limit, you often experience anxiety and fear again, which you then think you can’t handle, because you’re not used to it in those contexts across your limit lines right? So a partially recovered person does some things with conditions but refuses to do other things because of how they might feel if they do them A partially recovered person just got used to it by powering through over and over and over or learned how to make It stop or lesson will tell you that they are okay in the supermarket, but still can’t go to the movies and are afraid to try So fear extinction, which is like an old term that we used to use you’re trying to make Your fear go extinct Based on habituation, tends to be very specific like habituation is okay, But it essentially teaches us that we are okay as long as we can be sure that anxiety won’t be there or it won’t last very long, And we see this when a partially recovered person may experience one or two episodes of intense anxiety and then winds up in a setback or relapse. Now, as a side note a little bit of geekiness that I’ll throw in here, we kind of know that we never actually unlearn our fear right? That’s, not a thing. I know we talked about that And I mean other literal people who are sort of building a brand on unlearning anxiety, but you don’t unlearn that fear response, So that response is kind of coded permanently in your brain once we learn it and we Have experiences that are associated with that response And this kind of helps to explain how sometimes setback and relapse are so easy for people to fall into to some extent right. We’re, not unlearning our fear. What we are doing when we recover is that we are learning new ways to relate to it and new ways to handle it and new ways to get through it And those new pathways get encoded into your brain alongside the old pathways. So you will still kind of have that fear for the rest of your life, But that’s, okay, Because now you have stronger pathways that you can travel down in your brain is a gross oversimplification just for visualization purposes. When, when it comes up, I can pick that pathway as opposed to the old one, but the old one is still there. We never actually unlearn it if you will erase it. So if we’re aiming at fear, extinction, or making your anxiety go away, relying solely on habituation, getting used to it, just repeating it enough, so that you get used to it, makes for a bit of a fragile state, full of conditions and prerequisites for being. Okay See the problem there So now let’s go into inhibitory, learning, enter inhibitory, learning, So inhibitory, learning, isn, ‘t so much concerned with making anxiety go away as it is concerned with teaching us that we can tolerate and navigate through anxiety when it happens And at this point, you’ve got to be sick of hearing me say words like tolerating and navigate You’ve heard me say them 1000s of times, but now you’re starting to understand the reason. So let’s bring it back to some of the things you hear me talk about on this podcast And you see me write about all the time when you hear me talk about changing your reaction to anxiety and fear or giving up the fight or surrendering All those words that I use all the time, Where are we are in inhibitory learning territory there. When you hear me tell somebody to mix up their exposures and have varied experiences, because that’s most effective, We’re banking on the mechanism of inhibitory, learning right, it works better And again. This is a lot of research on this. It works better when we have a varied range of experiences to work from When I tell you to be incremental and keep adding difficulty to your exposures over time. We need them to be difficult. We’re leveraging the power of how inhibitory learning works in your brain And when this is a big one when and it’s a big one. To me, to be honest with you, When I plead with you when I’m practically begging you to take the lessons that reality hands you, and I did an entire podcast episode on this one. I’ll link it in the show notes because I don’t remember which one it is When I beg you to. Please take the lessons that the universe hands you after an exposure that nothing happened, except that you were afraid and had thoughts and sensations. I am pointing you in the direction of inhibitory learning when you refuse to take that lesson Yeah, but I had I was anxious I was afraid, but I panicked You’re, you’re saying I can only be okay. If I don’t panic – or you can only be okay if it decreases, You’re, relying on the fact that you might get used to it That’s the habituation model, I’m simplifying. But when I tell you, no, you it doesn’t matter. You just have to take the lesson that said you’re afraid, but nothing bad happened. I’m trying to get you to move closer to the way your brain works in terms of inhibitory learning, So it’s important for me. I think to say that inhibitory learning it’s not so much a technique like this isn’t a technique. It’s, not a method. Inhibitory learning is not a method. It’s more of a model that we came up with to describe how brains achieve a wider and more durable state of recovery. I’m relating it to recovering from an anxiety disorder, so be careful. Like don’t go to a therapist and say: do you do inhibitory learning here I mean a good therapist who specializes in anxiety sort of should understand what you’re saying, But they would correct you like inhibitory learning is not a therapy. It’s. This is not a therapy type, It’s, not a method. It’s not a technique. It’s a model that we use to describe what’s going on in our brains. When we learn more deeply and effectively that we’re okay – And we can get better that way, Alright, it’s a different way to get better And our brains are. We can do it. We just have to make sure that we do things that use the power of our brains to be able to do those things. So this is not so much about guaranteeing that your fear goes extinct, which would be the old way, But rather it’s about knowing that. Even if you do wind up afraid, you’re still, okay And you can move through and past that. This is why, if I have a rare panic, sell panic attacks now, but they’re very rare for me. If I have one a comes, it goes. It’s over. I’m, literally not thinking about that panic attack an hour later. I just don’t care, So you know this ties into some of the other things that we’ve talked about, And I just wrote about this in the anxious more newsletter last week. How can I not care? Well, the mechanism of inhibitory learning, if you gear your exposure to take advantage of the fact that your brain can do it, that way, will teach you that you, don’t have to care. So it’s not like you, can just snap your fingers and decide to not care about your anxiety. You can stop trying to do that because it’s not going to work, But when we leveraged the inhibitory learning model and our exposure work and our recovery work, we learned that it’s, okay, to not care anymore right? So it’s really important. That’s, why I say we’re learning this way, newer ways that, even if we do end up anxious and afraid we’re okay can move through it at that moment and then past it going forward in the long term. So then, let’s bring it back to sort of recovery And what that means, Because if we don’t have, we have no way to apply this in what we do, the things we do to try and get better then we’re good at it, So I can give you some hints here and I’m – going to wrap it up in a couple of minutes here. I don’t want to get too long on this one. I literally could go for hours on this stuff. It’s, goofy, I don’t know why I’m so into this, but I always have been So. That explains, I guess why I’m behind this microphone Anyway. What are the hallmarks of exposure and recovery work? That kind of taps into the power of that inhibitory learning process right, So your exposures should be focused on tolerating and navigating through anxiety, not making a decrease. That is huge Because if you’re approaching your recovery, so that’s okay Drew says, I have to do scary things. I’m going to do scary things, But I’m going to try to make them as less scary as possible Because I don’t I’m trying to make the anxiety not happen or happen at a low level. You’re missing the point. You want the exposure to teach you how to tolerate that anxiety and move through it. Yes, even full-blown panic. So some of this, if you’re going to try to gear your recovery work toward this model. Some of that involves an openness to say: if you insist that panic is too much and you can’t do it that way, then that’s – okay, I’m not going to try to convince you otherwise, But you can’t. Have it both ways? You can’t draw a line in the sand and say I cannot tolerate certain levels of anxiety and also want to do this. You can’t have both, So you got to have that openness to accept that this might be true and that what I’m saying might actually work for you And that you actually can do things. You think you can, And you have to focus your exposures on the act of tolerating and moving through anxiety, not trying to make it not happen. So if you’re gon na go drive on the highway today and you’re going to try and find ways to do that without being anxious, you’re missing the point. You want the anxiety you want that to happen, and you want to practice moving through it that’s important. The other thing that you need in your exposure and recovery work is an openness to experience all anxiety during exposures, rather than trying to minimize it, which is what I was just talking about. So we’re looking for exposures that have varied experiences. Now the cool thing is like you can’t just recover, you’re also living your life. So often life will hand us a lot of varied experiences. You can’t very few. People have the luxury of just sitting on the sofa and just doing exposure for a day and then going back and sitting on the sofa until it’s time to do more exposure. You’re gon na be challenged all the time except the challenges that life hands you, even if they are small, take even the small ones that’s fine, and use them to have varied experiences. I don’t care. If you drive every day Now, I did it by driving every day, but I also started doing other Things like what I did Mike And it’s funny cuz. When I wrote the anxious truth, I talked about how recovery will accelerate, But recovery accelerates. When you can take the lessons from one exposure and bring them to the other, that’s when you need those varied experiences, So mix up your exposures, Remember what I said at the beginning of this episode. The exposure is the anxiety and the panic, not the task, So drive walk, stay home alone. Go shopping, go to a pizza place and sit down, have a slice of pizza, whatever it takes, mix them up as best you can Right? So we’re still talking about using, like fear ladder and moving up you don’t go from housebound to a world cruise in two days, But within that fear ladder just mix things up that are in sort of that same difficulty level. It helps Important is super important. We’ve talked about this, the RP part of ERP exposure and response prevention, which all exposure ultimately is ERP, whether you’re dealing with OCD or not resisting the escape avoidance and safety rituals is very important. You can’t, you can’t try to hang on to your meds, your water, your phone, your partner, your safe person, your oils, your ice pack, and also do this. Now, if you are going to hang on to those things to get started, I’ve said this before go for it. I would rather, you see get started and then start to leave those things behind than never. Stop Just know that at some point you’re going to have to leave the safety, the escape rituals, the safety rituals, and those safety devices you’re gon na have to leave the crutches you’re gon na leave him behind. Keep that in mind you’re gon na, have to at some point next thing. The difficulty we need exposure to be difficult. They are supposed to be difficult. That’s the whole point of the exposure, Like one of the things that we know from the research and a lot of the stuff around the inhibitory learning model is difficulty is important, And in fact, a lot of the. If you look at some of the literature in the OCD community, they’ll, they’ll acknowledge that like yeah, we need it to be harder now, So that your life can be easier later. Keep that in mind, But we need your exposures to be challenging If they’re not challenging, then they’re, not exposures Right? So I say this all the time. If you are bored now taking a walk to the park with your kids that’s not an exposure anymore, So it’s good, to go ahead and take the walk. The park, the kids, that’s life. I hope it’s good and you’re enjoying it. It’s a good thing for you guys, But you can’t keep calling it an exposure. So exposures are a difficult thing. We need them to be challenging tiptoeing through life, trying to not be anxious and doing things here and there When you feel good That’s not exposure, So that’s just tiptoeing through life And then the last thing that I’m gon na throw In here is when I wrote the anxious truth, I talked about changing your reactions And the third reaction is the reaction.

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After and in that book, I wrote about the story that you tell yourself and everybody else after the challenge is over. The last thing I’m going to talk about is that it’s an openness to accept the outcome of the exposure based on the fear of disaster not happening rather than how you felt like this is where you hear me say again and again, and it Sounds cruel and it sounds cold and it sounds all of those things. But when I tell you that I don’t care how it felt, I only care what happened That’s, where I am like begging you to see that. I know that it was hard And I know that you were terrified. I know that you thought you were going to die And I know that it felt like you were going to go insane, But you are now here an hour or a day, or a week later telling me that story Because none of those things happened So it’s so important to be open to the lesson that the exposure teaches us, which is that surprise. The thing that you are terrified of will happen. Doesn’t happen That’s so important. Now, if you’re listening to me, you may say, but the bad thing is the anxiety I get And for some people, it’s, not that the anxiety signals a danger because, for most of the community, it’s. Well, I’m terrified to panic, because when I panic, I think I’m going to die or think I’m gon na go insane Or I’m going to pass out or I’m going to have a psychotic break For other people. It’s just No. I don’t think that I’m just afraid of the panic itself, Because the panic itself tells me that I’m failing, I’m weak. I’m broken. I’m less than I can’t. Do this, this shouldn’t be happening, But even if that’s the way, you fear it and you don’t fear, death or passing out or a heart attack. In the end, the panic came and left, And again nothing bad happened. That does not show that you are broken or weak or less than at all. So you’re going to have to begin to accept that lesson that, like oh look, I did that again. I tolerated it again Instead of saying it was wrong for happening knowing I did a great job getting through it, So it’s so important to be open to the lesson that the experience teaches you other than just recounting the experience as a nightmare and something That you never want to happen again. That is so important And it’s why we say all the time we do. Don’t care how it felt we only care about what happened. We only care what happened So that kind of gives you. You know. 25 minutes on the difference between habituation and inhibitory learning and a rough idea of how that fits into exposure work, And I hope near the end here is how you can start to gear. Your exposure and recovery work to take advantage of the inhibitory learning model and not just try to get used to anxiety or make it go away. The key takeaway here is: am I doing these hard things to try to make it go away, Or am I doing these hard things to learn that I can do hard things and it doesn’t matter? If I get anxious that’s, really where you want to be That’s, where I want you to be, I want you there. I know that you’re trying to make it go away. We all want it to go away, But I say all the time go away is a happy secondary effect. It’s a secondary outcome. It’s a happy secondary outcome of learning that you’re. Okay, even if you do panic So please, if you take anything out of this episode, take that you should not be approaching recovery as a way to feel better and make it stop. You should be approaching recovery as a way to learn that it’s. Okay, even if you do get anxious and panic because when you get there and know that you can handle it, no matter where you are or what the situation is, then it starts to go away And it goes away more durably. It goes away across context. You don’t have to worry about like well. I can go to restaurants, but I haven’t gone to the movies yet So I got to do six months where the movie exposure to be able to go. No, you know that I’m okay if I panic in a restaurant, so I’m okay if I panic in the movies It’s, there’s magic in there. There is So that is my 2627 minutes on habituation and inhibitory learning and the mechanics of exposure. Hopefully, it has been helpful. I’ve been looking forward to doing this episode to be completely honest with you, And it was going to be super geeky at first. But I’m pretty proud of the fact that I didn’t get too deep into the technical woods here And I hope that I’ve been able to present it in a way that’s understandable and relatable. More than anything else. More than anything else, So that’s it We are done. This is episode 226 In the book. You know it’s over because of the music, that is Afterglow by Ben Drake. That is a song you hear at the beginning and end of every one of these podcast episodes. If you’d like to hear the whole song or know more about Ben and his music, you can visit his website at Ben Drake, music com. If you’re listening to this podcast on Spotify or iTunes, or some platform that lets you rate and review, the podcast leaves a five-star rating and maybe writes a quick review. If you dig it because it helps other people find the podcast. If you’re watching on YouTube subscribe to my channel, like the video leave a comment, I circle back every few days to interact on YouTube. So if you want to ask the question, I promise I’m gon na see it And I think that’s it Thanks for coming by. I appreciate your support. To find all of my other resources and goodies at the anxious truth com. I will be back again next week with another podcast episode. I don’t know what I’m going to talk about, but I will be here and remember until then. This is the way Unknown. Yeah, you’re doing fine story begins. You got a feeling that you go As found on YouTubeHUMAN SYNTHESYS STUDIO 👀🗯 Attention: Have Real Human Spokespeople In Your Videos Saying Exactly What You Want In MINUTES! REAL Humans, REAL Voices, With A NEW Technology That Gives STUNNING Results Choose Your Human + Voice Type What You Want Them To Say Render your “Humatar” What You Are About To See Is Unbelievable…

Study with me 24h before my FINAL EXAM (med school vlog)

 Hello Kermamedic friends here, and welcome to a new potion… Finally, here it is! In a previous video of my Oski exam in the Faculty of Medicine, I announced a major event in the future. Today is tomorrow!! Let me show you something. That’s what the last two weeks have been about. And tomorrow is Oski’s day. This is Oski’s final week in medical school. The biggest, hardest, most notorious, anxiety-inducing test. … is tomorrow… And I want to tell you that I have lost the will to live as well as the desire to study for this exam. I am okay You’re done, boy. You’re done. So well, honestly, those last two days have been a solid, rigorous study and I got through it and that’s why I don’t plan on doing that much studying today at all. I have a list of a few things that I still need to reconfirm and after I’m done I have to go through this list I just want to go over the 4 main exams, abdominal scan, cardiovascular, respiratory, cranial nerves, and motor exams of the upper and lower extremities because they are very likely to Come on the exam so I’m going to do it one last time to be in the best shape I can and well and that’s pretty much it after that I’m going to the gym for gym and then I’m going to play video games with my sister and I’m going to rest and relax because I’m over it and I’m almost done I want to…. ah ah Scream, this is what we’re going to do. We’re not going to think, we’re just going to stop thinking I’m going to study another day and I’m going to start studying today and I’ve got some delicious strawberries and I’m about to get some coffee, and let’s do this. Well, let’s do this, put the phone on silent. And we throw him on the bed again, like the last time I was preparing for OSCEs in the fourth year, and if you haven’t seen his fluke I advise you to see it I like it very much and I will put it for you here and I use this book and it is my main and it is completely falling off let me show you as you can see All the pages are falling off and I’ve used and benefited from this book very well so the first thing on my list and I’m going to learn about it are decisions and directions that you can make in advance about your treatment in case of future aphasia and not being able to make those kinds of decisions on your own so I’m going to read this and then Moving on… { …………. ……………… } Today is Mother’s Day in the Arab world so we sent my mom some flowers and the card she had just received… and I’d run back to her..and say, “Have a nice day.” Anyway, we’re back at work. So I spent about an hour studying. It’s all over for that first little sticky note here. I’m just going to get rid of it and throw it away and now I have this second sticky note with things on it that I didn’t know would make it into the exam until my good friend Georgina told me about it yesterday. This is what we will study now. One of those things is a C spine imaging or C spine X-ray. I’m going to see a random YouTube video about that if you’re wondering what this thing is right here on the side screen on the iPad here. This is a video game that I’ve been running in the background doing something very weird, not necessarily fundamental so I can stay sane here and make my time at this desk more enjoyable. It’s kind of like an incentive for me to sit here and study and every 10 minutes or so I click here a little bit, play a little bit of this game and that’s what’s kept me up for the last day. It is what it is. Anyway, without further ado let’s watch this video and take some notes Honestly, I can’t stress this enough. If there’s something you don’t understand or something you’re learning for the first time, I find watching YouTube videos to be the best way to do it. These are the people who have already learned the thing you are trying to learn and are now trying to explain it in an easy-to-understand way with all kinds of beautiful pictures, maps, locations..etc. This is often much easier than your 50-minute lecture I’m sure many 50-minute lectures cover cervical spine X-rays but you know a lot of detail is going to come out and a lot of research and history coming to where we are now I want to know how to interpret C spine X-ray and spine X-ray. So this is what I need… Well, I’m going to present this as if today is the exam I’m looking at the spine C and the x-ray of patient John Smith a large man of fifty-five years old who was coming to the hospital OK the patient history record and communication is two parts of the Oski exam. We also have things like exams, procedural skills, and assessment stations. So it all involves doing hands-on things with our hands talking to patients and examining them with things like a stethoscope and a tendon hammer also and please avoid everything you see here the exam is tomorrow I don’t want to clean my room right now. If you recall, inside some of my previous vlogs was We Have Sonic the Hedgehog, this big damn game that I can check out and it was useful but I just threw it in the trash. So that’s why it’s gone but instead, what we have is Mr. Chair, oops let me get a patch I found ok Mr. Chair so Mr. Chair is 24 years old and he presented to the emergency department with severe shortness of breath. So I’ll check it out and mark the screen and hope I don’t miss anything. Practice exam skills. What’s funny about this, my friends is that: when we first started preparing for the OSCII exam in year 2, in fact, you probably already knew this if you were watching my videos at the time, I used to complain a lot about the six-minute timer we have to complete these exams is too short and how can we do All we need to do in the six minutes they give us and now when we practice for these exams as final year medical students we only pass it in one minute and sometimes even a minute and a half depending on the exam it’s terrible when you think back on it but I think it’s a testament to show That practice makes perfect. Keep working on something..you’ll get better at it, etc..so let’s get started, and study for the exam Hello good morning, my name is Nasir and I’m a final year medical student in the emergency department I’m going to confirm your name and age please my name is Mr. Chair, I’m 24 years old Hello Mr. Chair, nice to meet you today. I’m going to check your lungs. This would include looking, listening, and examining your hands, your face, and your chest. Is that OK? Yes, sure, well, thank you very much, just to explain a few things to the examiner with me first, if that’s possible. Thank you very much, Mr. Chair. Thank you very much. So, we have a minute and a half left on the timer. Assuming I haven’t missed anything major which is always possible. Let’s go to the marking chart and have a look, introduction – patient details, cones, screening of cervical lymph nodes aahhh check the lymph nodes in the back of the patient and feel for the supraclavicular nodes here…… then we go to the submandibular salivary gland in front of the ear note; Don’t forget to check the lymph gland ooh oh yeah Fremitus Vocal 99 99 99 When you are listening to the patient’s chest in all the different areas you are supposed to listen to him again and ask him to say 99 99 99 99 99 This is a test called Acoustic Fremitus. And if you have coherence or a lump in the chest, then the sound will travel better, so you’ll hear 99% louder over the areas where there is reinforcement versus those where there isn’t, so this test!! Well, I remembered almost everything pretty much I didn’t do a fremitos audio 99 99 and check the lymph nodes and in my humble opinion this would be easy with the station and then of course you have to summarize your findings and you have to report this to the specialists etc. And if you forget these two things. It’s okay, it’s not the end of the world. Well my friends, what’s the deal? With every check I do, it is expected that I will forget some things that are OK. But I have to reduce the number of things I forget. And that’s why we do the exercise. This puts in the big picture. Missing a few things on an exam is expected. It won’t be the end of the world. It certainly won’t let you down. But I want to forget as few things as possible. Hours later, we’re about to get to 1 pm. I have just written down in my diary all kinds of major steps and special tests that are done in all the musculoskeletal, shoulder, ankle, hands, and then also peripheral arterial and vein disease examinations and I feel ready. I feel good. Honestly, I don’t think I would do anything else. Study wise for the rest of the day I’m going to ask Kenji and Georgina if either of them is rehearsing history to rehearse for a day earlier and later, but other than that I think I’m done with a very nice sunny day today so I’d like to enjoy that at least a little bit. I want to go to the gym, and maybe also play some video games with my sister in the evening. Just relax, take a break, and calm down before the test date. So I’ll get some food, get some lunch, and yeah, we’ll get on with the day.  I try to relax and take a break, and tomorrow is tomorrow… When testing, we have to look our best and that means clean shaven and then some formal wear with a shirt. Then confirmation. I have to get all that fluff out and trim those lines a little bit. Let’s do it I don’t know why I would, if I would wear a mask all the time. It won’t make much difference but if you look good, you feel good and it generally gives you confidence. Therefore, I think it is worth it. I am surprised that this camera has not fallen so far, as it is a bit of a miracle. Well, we’re all done. Let’s get some food. Good. We’ll make ourselves lunch. And we’re going to watch the new episodes of Top Boy it’s awesome and as you all know, this is my favorite eating stand that just brings things together and makes everything so much more convenient. It makes me look like a grandfather. That’s the way it is. Sit back, relax, and enjoy the show. By the way, bye to the moderators, not to spoil the show. Hello my friend how are you? Good, and you? I feel like your laptop will fall off the table, not that it is fixed with a stand on the back. Hello, Massad Al-Khair, my name is Nasir Kharma and I am a doctor here. Can you say your name and age, please? My name is Paul and…………!! Well, on my way to the gym, look at the beautiful weather we had here last week. Alas, I have been confined at home studying and preparing for the exam but I kind of went to take advantage of this once the exams are over anyway let’s start with the exercise step the stress of sweating just to rest and rest my head and I’ll see you in peace oh well this is well first day one of my friends, I’m just waiting outside the site which is a very nice place I got myself a quick coffee and my general plan is to get in at the last possible second. To listen to my music as often as I can. That’s what I’m going to do for five minutes and then I’m going to the hall for the exam and I have to take the electronics so I can get in afterward. And I’ll see you after that Peace… Oh my God Oh my God Well day one is done I’m not going to lie It was a lot more complex than I thought It wasn’t as straightforward as previous OSCE systems. I believe they deliberately tried to deceive us when going to the Respiratory Check Station, which later turned out to be the ATP Station. Well, then there were other stations where the wording was completely unclear. A lot of students complained about misunderstandings, what they wanted us to check, or what they wanted us to do, and they came and took feedback from all of us on how to change the wording moving forward. So you could have done a better job. But that’s okay, I wasn’t feeling great about two of the six stations we had today. Then there are six more stops tomorrow. But once I get the written feedback from the examiners, I guess it kind of puts me at ease. The comments there were much better than I thought I did I’ll be fine. Anyway, that’s it. The first exam is over and another one is tomorrow. We have to start at 8 am and we have to stay until 11 am and then we do the exam and we are quarantined again until 1 pm until other students are counted in other universities around London and so we stay in quarantine and so that the information is not shared outside I think that’s good I think it good. I think it’s good. This is the end of my walk after the exam… I’m going home, I’m going to do some prescribing practice for today only, it’s possible to take one exam like this and nothing more than that I’m going to sit with Nour, it was very fun yesterday Anyway, see you my friends, peace… … Hey my group (my friends) I’m home on the couch, just chill out and relax a bit. I’m going to call Kenji and Georgina just to debrief about the stations we had today and the exam, talk about it a bit and get it off the chest and then maybe do a little practice description. I think I’ll finish it there I’ll pick up the camera again When I start calling it hits me that this is almost over as if medical school university is finally almost over. Mad madness, well see you in a little while. well, to PDF H 32 or 32, Article 32 or Page 32? Article 32….! Well, let’s say guys, as I said before, more studying today won’t make any difference for today. And I think more study won’t make any difference at all for tomorrow. So we’ll end it here. It’s five in the evening, I’m going to rest and pack my bags. I’m ready to fly on Thursday early in the morning. So I can go out and celebrate tomorrow evening with everyone and I won’t have to pack for travel, and yeah, that’s what we’re doing for the day. almost done. See you guys in a little while, Hello, Alright, so I’m going snowboarding tomorrow, not the day after tomorrow with about 10 of my friends from high school to celebrate finishing medical school, hopefully finishing medical undergraduate and all is well Alright tomorrow (let’s grab the wood) But let’s get started Time is running… Well, I’m packing up. It’s pretty much there. I just need to put some last things in tomorrow. Now it’s time to sit down with Noor… and play an episode of Eldon for a few hours. To relax and enjoy the night and that’s it. I’ll see you, my friends, tomorrow morning. Good morning and welcome to the day of the second OSC exam… I will be in a different location today, I am on the train and they separate us in different locations as Kings College London students so that we can see different examiners with different groups and things like that. It’s very popular this video of me releasing it tomorrow I put it on Instagram now I’m simply trying to relax as much as I can for a bit, before the exam I come early and I have some time, … hello … oh still filming … we are back on the youth campus. I guess today didn’t work as well as yesterday. I think there were a couple of stations that I found challenging and I don’t think I got the intended diagnosis in the end. But I hope my communication skills and everything else in history taken away will make up for it. But anyway, I wouldn’t think about it. I just had a meal with Aaron and Georgina I’m going to put the picture here..now I’m going to go to a coffee shop there and meet some friends to rest and breathe it’s been almost a week since I last logged in I forgot to close the blog and I just realized I hadn’t done it yet during this time I went skiing In Austria I came back..and surgery started this morning, I get up at 5 am everything was so crowded, but that will be another day for Flock. I just want to thank you for taking the time to watch this video. I hope you enjoyed it. And if you enjoyed it….. please don’t forget to like it and subscribe to my channel for more content to come in the future. And I’ll catch you on the next one, …..Peace…….. I’m done…Peace…… Hello friends Next peace, What’s up guys You’re right.As found on YouTubeHUMAN SYNTHESYS STUDIO 👀🗯 Attention: Have Real Human Spokespeople In Your Videos Saying Exactly What You Want In MINUTES! REAL Humans, REAL Voices, With A NEW Technology That Gives STUNNING Results Choose Your Human + Voice Type What You Want Them To Say Render your “Humatar” What You Are About To See Is Unbelievable…

Top 10 Lucid Dreaming Teas/Herbs COMPARED And Explained

 All right welcome back so today we’re going to talk about the best lucid dreaming teas   that will broaden your dream life and make your dreams more vivid more likely to become lucid and   in some cases they’ll help you remember your dreams better as well so if you’re new to   lucid dreaming or you just want to enhance your dreams in some way but you don’t want to take   these supplements like Galanza means 5 htp hhuperzinemaybe you’re worried about the side effects or   you just want something milder and you already drink things like tea well lucid dreaming tea is   a great way of enhancing your dream so let’s just get right into it okay we’re going to explain the   10 best lucid dreaming teas that you can try and how they work and what effects they’ll have people   from all over the world have you know from many different backgrounds and spiritual traditions   have recognized the value and power of lucid dreaming and many of these civilizations and   cultures have used natural things like herbs and teas to enhance the dreaming experience   this is not a new thing so a popular approach to supplementing is actually to   drink tea that is infused with herbs that support lucid dreaming so many of these herbs can already be found in teas in the market in kind of a pre-packaged form that will save you the   time that it would take you to actually supplement and do things like that   so what are the best herbal teas the best lucid dreaming teas that you can find   well number one we have and by the way these are not in any particular order okay I’m just going   to explain the best 10 lucid dreaming teas so you have things like kalia zzakatttaichinow this originated in Mexico and it’s been known as people kind of call it different things like   it’s been known as being called bitter grass okay it’s native to kind of Mexico and central America   it’s known for hallucinogenic properties as well as significantly enhancing dream imagery and   recall it’s really useful for helping you enter hypnagogia sleep hypnagogia which is where you’re   kind of in between being asleep and conscious by the way I do have individual videos for   all of these teas and herbs which you can find in the description or just on my channel so number   two we have Guayusa and I think I’m pronouncing that right now this is cultivated in Ecuador Peru  and Colombia and in addition to aiding the dream experience many people love guy user because it’s  packed with caffeine so it brings you a positive energy boost in more of a long-term   sustainable way than coffee because it’s not going to give you those jitters it’s also a strong   antioxidant and it helps with the weight loss as well now the interesting thing about guayusa   is that it has a stimulant effect on the brain but it also at the same time has almost a sedative effect so this is why it helps you to lose a dream so well because it keeps you asleep   and tired and sedated while at the same time it stimulates your brain in a certain way   that promotes consciousness and lucidity number three we have valerian now this tea is frequently   used to treat insomnia it’s also been shown to improve anxiety and blood pressure issues as well   it’s also a muscle relaxant so this is the um kind of the reason that it’s a good lucid   dreaming tea is because it helps you sleep it’s a muscle relaxant and it also kind of helps improve   dream recall and makes dreams slightly more colorful so it doesn’t directly induce lucidity   but it does directly help you fall asleep stay asleep and then also remember the dreams you have   number four we have Shatavari now this is kind of like a root herb   and it’s often associated with women’s fertility issues and it’s also used to aid in lactation   with women but it also has kind of properties that help you to relax and it’s frequently used   throughout Nepal India and the Himalayas number five the intellect plant also known as Celestron  paniculatus I think I’m pronouncing that right native to India it can grow as high as   1 800 meters it’s one of the most popular herbs in ayurvedic medicine and the intellect, the plant is   known to improve memory and concentration part of the reason why it’s so helpful for lucid dreaming   and the lucid dreaming experience is that it helps you improve your memory and focus so if   you drink this right before bed it usually takes about a week of continuous use so drinking it   every night before bed for the effects to fully come in okay so it’s kind of a long-term thing   it’s not something you can just drink and then immediately improve your lucid dreams that night   number six and I have no idea how to pronounce this but I’m going to give a try the sshoesroot   and which is spelled with an x x-h-o-s-a indigenous to south africa okay this root is one of the more   obscure herbs it’s not very well known but it usually is formed into a powder and then turned   into a foam so it’s kind of a very weird one it’s not something you can just easily drink in a tea   like you would put a pg tips tea bag in a cup it takes a bit more preparation anyway after   ingesting this foam for three consecutive days the people of the tribes would come together and   share their dream experiences so this one to be honestly, most of you are not going to be able to try   this one it’s hard to get hold of and it’s even harder to prepare number seven a classic mugwort   this is also known as artemisia vulgaris it grows abundantly throughout the world really but you   know it grows in England it’s found around the rest of the world often alongside roads and it   can grow up to three feet when it grows in the wild now mugwort and lucid dreaming have shared   a relationship for a long time I wrote a blog post on my sitehouseoflucid.com I’ve spoken   about this a lot before and mugwort is one of the most easily available lucid dreaming teas online   by the way there will be links to as many of these as you can buy online in my description   of this video or on my site howtolucid.com number eight we have wild asparagus now this is known in Chinese as the heavenly spirit herb commonly used ayurvedic medicine can have profound effects on   a person’s dream world so it’s a very interesting one now it’s said to help lucid dreaming   practitioners have more adventurous dreams so although it won’t directly induce lucidity   it will help those dreams when you do become lucid to be more adventurous exciting and I guess you   could say dangerous feeling number nine is Clary sage now sage is known as an antidepressant   as well as its ability to enhance the dreaming experience but it’s also considered one of the   most powerful healing herbs in the world we have the blue lotus now is a plant known for being   a sedative okay so it’s going to help relax your body and mind and keep you asleep but it’s also   known as an anti-stress herb an anxiety reliever and it also has mild psychoactive properties it’s   said to induce a kind of a pleasurable euphoria when ingested nothing too crazy but just enough   that you notice it now I should mention that all of these herbs and teas are perfectly legal   depending on obviously which country you live however, they’re not regulated by the FDA   if any negative side effects occur you should stop taking them immediately none of this is a medical   recommendation by the way a full disclaimer you should research any of these yourself   and you should take responsibility for anything you do or do not ingest so how can you use tea to   lucid dream the video is not over yet I have many important tips to share with you especially if   you’re considering buying any of these well the lucid dreaming experience is an adventure, okay   most people want to have lucid dreams, and almost everyone you know the vast majority of beginners want the instant magic bullet the quick fix okay but you’ve got to remember that supplements   herbs teas pills and devices don’t answer all of the questions don’t do everything for   you they won’t directly induce a lucid dream you need to do that work yourself as well and I’m sure   many of you who watch this channel kind of know that okay we on this channel lucid dreaming   experience we know that it takes work you can’t do it instantly or you know overnight so it’s   going to take some work and I hope that if you’re watching this video at least you understand that   however, you can use those things lucid dreaming teas are included to make it more likely so here’s   what I would recommend that you do okay pick one of these t’s whichever everyone calls out to you, sounds the most exciting have a look in the description of this video see where you can get   it online it’s usually pretty available you know at least most of them and then just try it out   but you should only do this once you’ve researched yourself you’ve read about the effects of the   t obviously and you have a lucid dreaming practice meaning you’re writing your dreams down   you’re doing reality checks and you know how it works and you know how you’re going to lose   a dream at least that’s the bare minimum that you should aim for so I hope this has helped   check out my channel for other tutorials don’t forget to subscribe and I’ll see you next time As found on YouTubeHUMAN SYNTHESYS STUDIO 👀🗯 Attention: Have Real Human Spokespeople In Your Videos Saying Exactly What You Want In MINUTES! REAL Humans, REAL Voices, With A NEW Technology That Gives STUNNING Results Choose Your Human + Voice Type What You Want Them To Say Render your “Humatar” What You Are About To See Is Unbelievable…

Free- weeding, No-tillage, Easy LIFE Gardening by JADAM

 Hello, everyone. This is youngsang cho the founder of JADAM  In today’s episode, I would like to elaborate you how to create the most successful organic garden. As we all know that the global food crisis is at our doorstep.  Therefore, I believe it is time to start our life gardening to protect our food, life, and our family from possible hunger. According to the Global Trend 2040 held by the National Intelligence Service of the United  States, a food riot could occur worldwide within 10 years due to problems such as global warming and food crises. And IMF (International monetary fund)has declared a severe food crisis in 48 countries around the world.  Furthermore, President Biden hosted the first food security conference in 50 years. Despite this dire situation Korea, the world’s fifth-largest food importer,   has the lowest grain self-sufficiency rate in the world.  And The use of pesticides in agricultural products is even more than 10 times that of Western countries. In addition, local counties are in danger of low population due to aging. You might think a growing couple of vegies is enough,  But you have to consider that vegies are also very important food to us. I strongly urge you to actively participate in sustainable organic gardens to become self-sufficient in the upcoming future. Just because I said this doesn’t mean farming will suddenly become easy.  Many people face difficulties they never expected when they start organic gardening. Firstly, there are major problems in organic farming which are weeding, pest, and disease control. Then the next problem is using machinery. And JADAM is here to ease all of these problems. Many People thinks, if the soil is healthy crop will be growing without any pest and disease problems. But the truth of organic farming is far more difficult than what people usually thought of.  Because we are not farming native and wild seeds. The seeds that you get from the store are bred to suit the taste of humans.  Our will and tongue made bananas, and strawberries to be much sweeter, softer, and larger.  And those planted first gen seeds have 0 experience to defend themselves. Therefore, Organic gardening or farming cannot be continued without any pests and disease solutions. JADAM is one of the most well-known companies in the field of self-made natural pesticides. And with the basis of this information, we have shared our journey from soil to fruit on youtube which will upgrade your life of gardening. This is a website that we have been running since 2003.  If you have further questions leave a comment on the bulletin board or you can live a comment below for any question you have. And this is our first book, that Been translated into English.  It has about 700 reviews with close to 5-star ratings and  It is now distributed globally through amazon.com. This is another book that we have published 2 years ago.  It focuses on pest and disease control in detail. Apart from these, we have been working hard to translate the books into 20 different languages.  And those books are going to be uploaded to the google playbook store. So shell we now begin with organic gardening.? The picture you can see is my farm. It is about 650 square meters in size. You can start with 600 square meters, but this is not mandatory. You can start small from 60 to 100 square meters. The size of the land doesn’t mean you are not capable.  Quality matters not quantity.Once you can control   all the pests and disease You will experience happy farming. The size of the land In this picture is about 80 square meters and there are about 40 to 50  different crops. This means in this small size of the land you can have tasteful organic vegetables for your family. After harvest, you can rather dry it to make a powder shake or you can quench the vegetable for future food. It is a one-time harvest in a year but you can have it for a whole year. It is not very necessary to farm such a diverse number of crops.  I farm a lot of kinds because I’d like to test my JADAM natural pesticides on different kinds of crops. And because of my habit of researching, my family also loves to help me farm. This is the tiny house that we built with my friends.  It is tiny but we have made beautiful surroundings.  we built it because we wanted to showcase how Organic gardening could be peaceful and lovable One unique part of this house is that, It has a compost toilet.  Many people worry about the smell. But if you mix 1 % of any starch into sawdust,  There is barely any smell for weeks until it is disposed of. And later you can also collect human feces to make your compost.  Which means you don’t have to rely on purchasing the compost. Collect all the feces in one place for 3 months to make compost out of it.  And because of the starch, there is barely any smell. If you learn how to do all JADAM methods,  I believe you will overcome the difficulties of different crops for organic farming. Not just vegetables, it also means fruit trees and more. And one of the most interesting things is the strawberries.  We all know that strawberries are perennial plants.  But in fact, many farmers pull out once the harvest is completed. However, with the JADAM method, the strawberries are producing for more than 6 years  And every year the yield has increased compared to the past years.  The pest and disease control on strawberries is not that difficult.  And it is our first crop to be harvested in a year. Not just strawberries, We tested the JADAM method on   lettuce, cabbage, and small radish for kimchi, paprika for barbeque and broccoli for salad. And the world’s favorite plant to consume potato also hasn’t had any difficulties to produce. Not just potatoes, we can also farm sweet potatoes and more. Farming cucumber in an open field is known to be a pretty hassle.  But with the JADAM method, you can farm it all. And one of our favorites is the chili pepper. It is the most basic yet, but most confusing plant to grow, and we are the best producer in South Korea. The high yield comes when you be able to master the JADAM technology. And JADAM technology is simple.  So let me tell you how to solve all the issues with JADAM methods. First, the wedding, The problems of weeding come with the plastic mulching that lasts for a year. This means, after harvest, it is mostly destroyed.  And the other problems are the high temperature inside of the mulching then the ventilation of the field. The purpose of mulching is simply for weeding. But the mulching causes a problem due to heat. To solve these issues, we have chosen to use landscape fabric.  Which is a breathable material and lowers the high temperature. Although the price is high, you can use it for more than 10 years.  And some are even much more durable that can last about 20 years. Which is similar to the life span of solar panels. It helps the soil by creating shade on the soil, Which leads to a higher expansion of active microbes inside the soil. As a result, the landscape fabric helps the roots to reach even deeper and makes better soil quality which leads to a high yield. So let me show you how to make the beds first.  Prepare some powder that could indicate the line on the field. The width of the bed should be 1meter 30 centimeters to 1 meter 60 centimeters.  We will first create drainage on each bed.  To create the bed and drainage, we will use the machine just once to protect the soft soil. and this structure is going to be permanent. We are not going to use rotary machines forever after the first construction. Many of us learned that tilling soil is necessary every after harvest and before planting to mix the compost with the soil. But the surface application of the compost is good enough.  You can simply scatter and spread the compost then cover it with the landscape fabric. When you have completed covering the bad with landscape fabric,  Now it is time to use the white marker to make an indication of where you are going to make the hole for the crop.  Use the string then stretch it up and mark the string with the 30-centimeter gap. Then cut the fabric along with the indication. But do not cut it cross because it will loosen all fabric at the end. And before planting germinate your seedlings into leaf mold soil mix water. Diversity of the microbes in the seedling’s roots will prevent possible diseases occur in the future. Then use the narrow hoe to plant the seedlings. Once you have completed planting, the next step is watering.  You can use the irrigation hose to do this but for the vegetables,  It is much more convenient with a sprinkler. Sprinkle water for about 50 minutes with 1-3 days term depending.  And sometimes you can also mix the JMS along with it. As I just mentioned about the no-till and surface application on the bed of the crop.  Let me show you how it is usually done.  After harvest, pull out the fabric then put it on the side.  Once the harvest is completed your soil needs to be reorganized. After that, I scatter the organic compost on the surface of the bed and then spread it firmly with the wreck. Many people think   the soil will harden if it is not tilled,  But by using the JADAM microbes and compost, the soil stays soft enough. Then later cover the bed with the landscape fabric. It should be performed once every harvest,   and in Korea, it happened only twice in a year. One in May and the other one in September. we have uploaded other videos on how to make beds for the fruiting crop.  So you can have a look at that too. Apart from just lettuce and other vegetables,  How are we going to deal with root plants such as radishes or carrots? It will be quite a hassle if we try to plant in between the fabric.  So to plant a root plant, we will just cover the fabric for about 15-20 days before planting.  Then the weed inside will not be able to get photosynthesis,   eventually, the seeds won’t be able to sprout. After 20 days when you uncover the fabric, you could see the bed is clean from the weeds.  Then organize the bed with wreck then create a line with 30 centimeters intervals to plant. You might get worried that the weed grows back again, but root plants such as small radish grow quicker than weeds as it is all eliminated which leaves no space for the weeds to grow because all the nutrients were absorbed by the plant itself. So in this way, the crop will not be going to have nutrient competition with weeds. And the next thing we want to talk about is Organic pest and disease control.  One of The most interesting parts of JADAM’s natural pesticides is that they won’t have negative effects on humans.  It is safe even if you inhale or mistakenly spray it on your face. Moreover, we know that people worry about spiders and bees but it won’t heavily harm bees and spiders. When you start farming, soon you will realize that there are a lot of circumstances with pests and disease problems. However, Don’t try to view the problem with a microscope.  Just simply focus on 2 things in farming. Aphid and Powdery mildew. If you have enough capability to control aphids, means you can control almost all pests. And if you have enough capability to control powdery mildew,   you can be confident in controlling diseases as well. Aphid is the one major problems for farmers but to us, it is just a piece of cake. By utilizing the simple JADAM method on aphid and powdery mildew,  You can control almost all problems. And we have uploaded all the detailed videos on Thrips, anthracnose, and Aphid on youtube. All the method of mixing ratio is also published in our book. We are having a seminar after 3 years, due to covid 19  In the seminar, we are going to release our new recipe that does not need a water softener. Also, we will now prepare for a world tour as well for the next year. Thank you for watching and I will see you guys in the next video.As found on YouTubeHUMAN SYNTHESYS STUDIO 👀🗯 Attention: Have Real Human Spokespeople In Your Videos Saying Exactly What You Want In MINUTES! REAL Humans, REAL Voices, With A NEW Technology That Gives STUNNING Results Choose Your Human + Voice Type What You Want Them To Say Render your “Humatar” What You Are About To See Is Unbelievable…