Sociological Approach to Reducing Risk and Increasing Resilience Addiction Certification Exam Review

 This episode was pre-recorded as part of a live continuing education webinar. On-demand CEUs are still available for this presentation through ALLCEUs. Register at ALLCEUs.com/CounselorToolbox. I’d like to welcome you to today’s presentation on the sociological approach to reducing risk and building resilience. As I was putting together This presentation it was kind of like right in the wake of when Harvey hit. And then you know recently we’ve had the shooting in Las Vegas, and some of the counselors, especially counselors in training that can’t be practiced independently yet that are in some of my social media groups and in my professional groups have been talking about how frustrating it is and even some of us who are licensed but just can’t wake up and go help the Red Cross right now about how frustrating it is not to be able to help and how much we want to help so what I usually do because you know I I’m generally not upwardly mobile where I can just drop everything and go to a crisis what I did after 9/11 was look at what things in that situation could I positively impact and how could I do it in a way that made sense but you know for my life because I can’t you know at that point I for 9/11 I had an infant at home and you know other stuff so we’re going to look when we’re talking about addressing issues like the opiate epidemic or the major problem of depression almost I guess anxiety almost one in four people has anxiety issues and we’re gonna look at some of that and try to figure out what can be done what can we do from where we are in a way that makes sense because yes we can influence politics and advocacy but what can we do with small chunks of time that are beneficial to helping the cause as well as you know could help the clients we have currently so we’ll define the socio-ecological not model which is Broth and Brenner’s model we’re going to apply it to addiction and mental health issues and explore different variables in this model and then discuss how this framework can be used in prevention and treatment of co-occurring or independently occurring disorders so we’re going to talk about how it may sense to conceptualize not only the development of addiction but also the development of things like eating disorders and mood disorders in terms of a socio-ecological model and even some things like bipolar and schizophrenia can be a person being genetically predisposed or whatever but there could be certain environmental factors that could you know trigger that first psychotic episodes so we want to look at what might be going on and how can we help prevent or treat now prevention can take the form of three different activities if you will prevent the problem so helping people not get depressed at all ever so starting to provide those skills and tools when people are knee-high to a grasshopper hopefully preventing worsening of the problem so people don’t get severely clinically depressed where they can’t get out of bed so the early intervention services and effective you know frontline resources and preventing associated fallout okay the person gets to press gets clinically depressed well let’s see if we can help them avoid losing their job because they can’t get out of bed to go to work develop additional health problems from being depressed or developing an addiction in order to self-medicate that depression so we’ve there are three different methods or avenues we can take in prevention and you know we want to look at them all because when you’ve got somebody who’s becoming clinically depressed you know they’re depressed you know situationally whatever something happened and it started to turn into something more than just a couple of days it’s going to start having associated fallout early and you know it’s not going to be huge they’re not going to lose a job right off they’re not going to start having major family problems right off but they are going to start having little hiccups because that depression causes an imbalance in their in their environment and we know environments like to maintain homeostasis and you know the kids are gonna be like well Mom why aren’t you getting up and doing these things and what’s going on and you know things are going to start changing and the person will need to be able to deal with that so the socio-ecological model explores and explains human behavior as the interaction between the individual and environmental systems there’s a fifth one that is more of your longitudinal but we’re going to talk about the four main ones today the micro the meso the EXO and the macro systems the microsystem involves well let’s start before that the individual if you look at the model is sort of the bull’s eye here and the individual is not considered a system but it involves all of the things about the individual including biology and personal learning that make people who they are okay so this person exists within a microsystem and that micro system is their family peers School Church synagogue whatever and health services things that they probably interface with regularly work should also be on that but it’s for some reason it’s not on this diagram anyway the mesosystem is the interconnection between microsystems so how do family and peers interact I don’t know about you thankfully my family might be very accepting of most of my peers but I know other friends of mine who brought home peers who were not as well accepted by their family so there was some conflict between the the family and the peers and we know how much peer pressure and peer relationships are important in an adolescents’ lives which creates conflict and consternation how does the family interface with school how does Pierce how does your peer group interact with school and do they see it as a good thing to do they see it as worthwhile you know etc so when we’re talking about the microsystem and the mesosystem we’re talking about things that people interface with daily so I want you to think about how the mesosystem and you can feel free to chime in on the chat room if you want how does the mesosystem family peer school church you know recreational activities health services impact the development of mental health or illness now you notice I’m trying to kind of switch ears for health because we want to promote health and we can look at the opposite for mental illness but you know if you have positive family peer interactions it’s probably going to support mental health it’s probably going to support decision-making in the adolescent it’s probably going to I mean and I’m thinking adults and adolescents here but family and friends you know if you want to think about you know how do you get along with your significant others peer groups and do they interface well or is it kind of like oil and water how does the how does your family interface with your work how do they deal with how many hours you have to work whether you’re getting called in at night or getting emails or text messages at 8 p.m. or you know what are their expectations and how does that influence if there’s a conflict you know if the family doesn’t like what’s going on at work or the fact that you know your boss is emailing you at 8 p.m. then it can create conflict within the environment which can lead to increased anxiety and depression and Yabadabadoo now how does mental health or illness impact the mesosystem so again thinking about how if someone is clinically depressed how does it impact their family how does it impact their peers and if you have a family member who has you know clinical depression or generalized anxiety how does it impact how your family interfaces with everything else because you know you end up having somebody or somebody in the family who may be caretaking for the person who has depression or anxiety or whatever the mental health issue is who’s not able to do the stuff that they were able to do so the rest of the families kind of pick slack so how does that affect how they interface you know the rest of the family members interface with school and work you know maybe they end up showing it more exhausted so it’s important to look at the mesosystem the exosystem involves links in a social setting in which the individual does not have a direct active role so for example how would I impact my spouse’s work and again if I am the identified patient and I’ve got clinical depression and I’m calling my spouse to come home because I just can’t be alone or my spouse is late to work or unproductive because he’s always exhausted when he gets to work because he has so much to do since I am you know not able to do as much right now then it could negatively impact his work and so we want to look at how that impacts how the home environment impacts work and how work impacts the home environment the macro system describes the culture socioeconomic status poverty ethnicity etc so what we’re looking at in the macro system is really the larger you know not just within your city maybe or even closer to your neighborhood we’re looking at what you see in the media what you see on national TV your your statewide elections your national elections your state laws and culture and what’s being communicated if you are a religious person what your religious culture communicates because you know religion generally is not just in one little area it’s international or national so what types of things does that communicate to to the person and how does that influence the development or not development if you will of depression anxiety or addiction so again think about how the exosystem of the social setting in which the individual doesn’t have a directive or an active role think about how much people were influenced after the elections I mean yeah we had a role if you went out and voted you had a role but you don’t decide the election so once that happens how do you know the exosystem impact you know your your emotions your other community events employment etc and how those things impact the family I know you know there was a lot of consternation and concern among some of my friends who are Jewish after the last election so their families experienced a high ink or a great increase in anxiety development of mental health or mental illness how does all this stuff that’s going on in the exosystem and stuff that you don’t have direct control over how does it impact the development of mental illness you know or mental health and we’re going to talk more specifically in a couple of minutes and again likewise how does mental illness or mental health impact the exosystem if you have a healthy workforce if you have healthy people who are actively participating in work and going to community activities voting to participate then you’re probably going to have a healthier outcome than if you have people who are not able I mean they’re so depressed they’re not able to even get out and participate so we want to look at the reciprocal nature it’s not one way the community doesn’t just affect us you know it may affect us but then how we react affects the community how does the attitude of the culture impact the community if you’ve got a a culture that is accepting of certain ideologies they’re accepting of LGBTQI they’re accepting of people who are Muslim in their religion they’re accepting of people who are Christian and their religion they’re accepting of you know fill in the blank if the culture is accepting of that how does that affect the community and those people within the community who might you know otherwise not have been accepting does it kind of pressure them in or does it cause anxiety and consternation in those people how does the attitude of the culture for example about premarital sex and marriage affect the family how does it affect the development of and again we’re thinking about anxiety depression and addiction so how does it affect the development of stress which may lead to mood disorders or problems and how did the community families and individuals with mental health or mental illness impacts the culture you know so we have an impact on our culture we get together we see you know we have Generation X Generation Y but the baby boomers all had their sort of or we all have our sort of unique cultures and things that we bring to the table and things you know that was given to us we said no we don’t want to thank you very much so there is a give-and-take among the individuals within the culture and that’s good because that means we can start small you know start in our locale and create this positive mesosystem and then build from there if If you have a positive community then that’s probably going to spread think about when a company goes and dumps fertilizer for example into a waterway it doesn’t just stay there over time that fertilizer bleeds out and you start having algae blooms everywhere things don’t stay I mean in our society things don’t stay in one place for very long they tend to move they tend to migrate so positive will migrate that’s awesome negative can also migrate so we want to look at how can we enhance the positive migration and keep down the negative if you will so now let’s start talking about what can we do and how can we operationalize all of this we realize that if we affect the individual it’ll have a positive effect on the meso system which can have a positive effect on the exosystem Yabadabadoo so great we also realize that one of the only things we have a lot of control over is the individual ourselves so a lot of people come to counseling individually score so this is where we’re going to start so what things contribute I start by listing risk factors for the development of mood disorders and addictions and then we talk about capital you know what you have in order to you need to have to prevent these things and then prevention strategies so that’s kind of how we’re going to go it’s not going to stay depressing individuals with chronic pain are at higher risk of mood disorders or addiction addiction because of the pain management you know drugs that are out there and you know once they start taking payment management drugs opiates a lot of times the brain quits producing endogenous opioids the natural painkillers so when they first come off the body doesn’t automatically pick up so it takes a little while for the person’s pain tolerance to build back up which keeps some people from wanting to get off the medication among other things but chronic pain can also be debilitating it can make people lose some abilities that they used to have or crush some dreams if you will you no, I think I’ve told you before that I have a bad shoulder and carpal tunnel so I can’t garden the way I used to you know I still go out and do it but I’ve got to pay attention and only be out there for an hour too instead of spending six hours out on the farm which is frustrating to me it was only mildly frustrating but my grandfather when he started developing Parkinson’s couldn’t make his miniatures anymore and he made gorgeous miniatures and I know that’s not chronic pain but it’s kind of the same thing if you’ve got rheumatoid arthritis he couldn’t make his miniatures and he became devastated and became withdrawn so understanding that pain has multiple influences that can cause depression that may trigger a grief reaction that we need to help people address now the things I put in bold are things that we as clinicians can easily help people prevent or/or address chronic pain we can help For people with low self-esteem that’s a no-brainer if people don’t feel good about themselves and they’re looking for external validation they’re going to be at a higher risk for anxiety fear of abandonment fear of not being good enough fear of failure and depression a sense of hopelessness and helplessness substance use especially early substance use can cause changes in the prefrontal cortex leading to problems with impulse control and decision-making but it can also disrupt the balance of neurochemicals leading to symptoms of depression and/or anxiety so it’s important to understand that especially the earlier the substance use starts the greater the chance that it’s going to cause some sort of brain changes and we’ve also found that a lot of people, not the majority but there is a percentage a significant percentage of people that when they start using early they kind of quit developing coping skills after that they find something that works they’re like oh I like this I think I’ll use that from now on when we start talking about people who started drinking or smoking marijuana when they were you know 9 10 11 12 you might see more mood issues or addiction issues in those people than people who didn’t start using mood-altering drugs as early as a history of abuse can contribute to the development of PTSD but not everybody who is abused develops PTSD but there can be episodes of anxiety and depression as well as it increases the chances of the development of addiction genetic vulnerability we know that mood disorders and addictions tend to run in families and they’ve done studies that have shown that there is a genetic component doesn’t mean it’s going to happen it just means you have this gene there that could be triggered so we don’t want we want to make sure that clients know that they are not just doomed you know they can prevent triggering that but they need to be aware that they may be more vulnerable inappropriate coping responses if we are not born with coping skills so if somebody doesn’t know how to cope with life on life’s terms because either because they’ve always been shielded or because they’ve never had anybody helped them maybe they were kind of on their own from the get-go so they learned to lash out and get angry or withdraw and get depressed but they never really learned how to deal with the stuff they’re gonna be at higher risk of mood and addictive disorders we can help people develop coping responses are one of the things you want to look at when people are using seemingly unhelpful behaviors is to remember to ask what is the cause of this so we want to look at what is the root cause of what is prompting this behavior and what is the benefit of the current behaviors and I’m going to keep reminding you of that as we go through this violence and aggression you know again what’s the cause of the violence and aggression did people do this person learn that’s how you cope with distress in their family of origin is it a protective mechanism because they’ve experienced situations where that has helped them deal with conflict before what prompts this and what the benefit to it when they act out when they’re violent and aggressive what is the benefit it gives them power it pushes people away they just enjoy hurting people hopefully that’s the minority but we want to ask that because we can’t figure out an alternative until we know what the function is same thing with risk-taking and impulsivity there are certain theories that says some people need more stimulation than others they get bored easily so they tend to be higher risk-takers and maybe more impulsive than you want to ask if this person doing this you know I have a friend who is an adrenaline junkie you know skydiving rock climbing you name it he’s done it and you know more power to him I don’t see a purpose of jumping out of a perfectly good airplane but he he thrives on that and when he can’t get out and do those sorts of things he feels good so what is it about this risk-taking and what kind of risk-taking it risk-taking as in holding a balloon liquor store or is it risk-taking as in doing something like skydiving which is theoretically safe and what’s the benefit it makes gives them a rush makes they feel good helps him you know escape or whatever great that’s fine the rebellious nests you know again what is and this is a key for adolescents especially but even if you’re a supervisor working with employees if they’re being rebellious you want to look and say what’s the point what’s the benefit to being rebellious what are they holding on to and refusing to let go of that you want them to let go of or what are they refusing to do that you want them to do and what’s the benefit to it if they are being rebellious and they’re staying like think again adolescents staying out all night OK well what’s a motivating factor is it to get under their parent’s skin probably not is it to conform to peer pressure you know oftentimes that’s maybe the case but you have to look at the individual and say ok how can you do this in a way that helps you move forward rejection of pro-social values if the people who espouse the pro-social values are the people that the person rejects then they’re probably going to reject those values so we want to look at you to know if you’re rejecting those what values are you espousing and why are those important to you and why are you rejecting these over here you know not saying it’s right or wrong I’m just trying to understand where you’re coming from and you know that’s something that we’ve got to be sensitive to and different people are going to hold different values lack peer refusal skills to stay out late to get into trouble to use drugs to have early sex whatever it is those things a lot of times indicate poor communication skills and low self-esteem need to be accepted you know all that stuff that’s challenging during during teen and early adolescent years those are things we can help with being bullied you know that’s a risk factor when people are bullied they tend to get depressed and when they’re bullied they may turn to substances to try to make themselves feel better to numb the pain they make self-injure there’s a lot of different things might happen we can help people develop skills to deal with being bullied since we don’t understand a hundred percent why people bully we need to help the victims become survivors we need to help them have the tools to be able to deal with it and understand why it happens without letting it hurt them early and persistent problem behaviors that’s just so broad but again look at why the person’s child acting out an early sexual activity could be a history of sexual abuse could be a dysfunctional family of origin and the child is trying to get out I worked with a 14-year-old who once told me she was gonna get pregnant as soon as she turned 15 because that’s when she could get into housing on her own so she was intentionally going to get pregnant at 15 and there was a reason for it she was very clear about her logic a lot of times it’s peer pressure and acceptance but uh asking what is that what is the cause and is this cause going to keep the person from developing healthy coping skills and being happy is potentially going to lead to depression peer rejection you know that hurts so helping people figure out how to navigate peer rejection because you’re not going to be liked by everybody academic failure we can help with now not necessarily as clinicians but we can advocate for the person we can help them find tutors resources etc lack of information on positive health behaviors put it out there most of the time youth these days have a pretty good idea of what’s healthy and what’s not they just aren’t motivated for it they’re motivated for something else when addictive behaviors are you used to cope with stress or unpleasant feelings I said coping skills may fail to develop or when they’re used to enhance self-confidence such as drinking before going to a party then they may start to develop anxiety and self-consciousness when they don’t have a drink on board so it may start prompting the development of some mood disorders in addition to the fact that repeated use especially in a young brain can cause some neurotransmitter imbalances using addictive behaviors also to enhance other experiences ties it to those experiences making them person more likely to use those and similar situations desensitizing the brain’s pleasure centers so what am I what do I mean I mean if you typically drink when you are watching football then you’re going to be more likely to drink every time you watch football it’s just one of those things you do when you watch football if you’re one of those people who eat when they watch TV then when you watch TV you’re more likely to eat when you go to the movies because that’s a similar situation you’re more likely to want to have popcorn or eat so it’s important to understand that with addictive behaviors if you have something that produces pleasure it can be triggered you know the person can start thinking about it in a similar situations using repeatedly can cause neurochemical imbalances in genetics you know you can’t be born with a neurochemical imbalance not enough serotonin too much whatever and poor health behaviors as I’ve talked about a bunch of times not enough sleep quality poor nutrition and high stress can also cause neurochemical imbalances so we can educate people about some of the things that can cause depression and anxiety so they can prevent it we can educate parents so they can start coaching their kids from the get-go so personal recovery capital to develop what we need to be happy and healthy human beings we have to have certain things to help us along the way we need to have the things to enable us for physical health think about Maslow’s pure hierarchy bottom level is all your health and biological needs we need to have our physical health and that includes nutrition Slee and you know not being in pain all the time sometimes you’re gonna feel pain that’s being human that’s being alive but we need to have our health for the the most part we need to have financial assets to get our basic needs met you now get that food keep clothing on our back transportation roof over our heads health insurance and access to medication and there are two different things health insurance covers theoretically going to the doctor and the mental health counselor etc access to medication is not covered under a lot of insurance so remember that most pharmaceutical companies have patient assistance programs that can help clients access their medication if they can’t afford it because some medication is a really expensive safe housing conduct that’s conducive to recovery and that’s not just addictions if you’ve got somebody who is clinically depressed or highly anxious living in a radically dysfunctional household where there’s lots of yelling or arguing or other people who are similarly dysfunctional it’s probably not going to prompt those positive cognitions and mindfulness and everything that we’re trying to establish doesn’t mean they can move unfortunately a lot of people can’t so we got to talk about how can you create an area in your housing environment that’s safe people need to have adequate clothing to stay warm to be able to dress for work and you know go to their job and be dressed appropriately and transportation to get their needs met most of us don’t live in a city where we can just walk but walking I guess is a form of transportation we need to be able to access the resources that are out there whether it be food or going to work so we can pay our light bill or whatever it is values awareness people need to know what’s important to them to figure out what they need to do to be happy a sense of purpose helps people keep going and we can help people with this I mean these are easy exercises when you give them a values activity worksheet you know what are your top five values when you look at the sense of purpose what is your purpose in life and a lot of us don’t know but we know what we want it to be or we can start theorizing about what is the purpose of what I do as a job on a day-to-day basis, what is the purpose of this activity that I’m doing so they can start to see some meaning in the stuff they do we can help people develop hope and optimism and we’ve talked about that one people need to have a perception of their past present and future they need to be able to look over the past and it may suck or it may be great but they need to be able to look back over it and go yep that’s it they need to be able to look at their present and realistically assess what they’ve got and maybe what they don’t have but realistically assess what they’ve got and look at their future and go where do I want to go from here because you’re here and you don’t want to stay here forever you can’t stay here forever because times gonna move on what next people need to be able to see but understand that they’re not necessarily controlled by their past or stuck in the present that they have the ability to make choices every single moment to work toward what they want for the future education training and job skills people need to be able to make a living that’s just the way it is you need to be able to feed yourself and put a roof over your head so we can make referrals to job training agencies we can make referrals to social service agencies problem-solving skills interpersonal skills and self-esteem are all things that we are super skilled at teaching and we can teach these in chunks they don’t have to be these long groups don’t have to be big drawn-out sessions we can provide people snippets you can provide somebody with the concept of distressed tolerance and the improve acronym in a handout and have them look at that or in an email you know if you email your clients once each day or on your blog there are a lot of different ways, you can just get that information out there and in front of people so I can look at it I call I tell my clients it’s bathroom reading you know I usually give them a handout or two and I just put it on the back of the toilet and when you’re in there you know take a look at it if it’s useful great if not bottle it up and throw it in the the trashcan I’m good with that but there’s no pressure and I’m not putting extra assignments on them I’m just providing information about a skill and then if they want to pursue it further when they come back to counseling we can talk about it so what can we do we can promote positive health and wellness behaviors by educating people about why they’re important and what to do and where to find more information you know because some of these things like nutrition we can’t be prescriptive but we can point people in the direction of where to get good advice and information and we can also model this you know in our treatment plan at least in mind I try to make sure that people are putting a print emphasizing getting enough quality sleep eating well and maybe exercising at least moving around if they don’t want to call it exercise but taking care of themselves and getting some relaxation and recreation in their bonding to a pro-social culture is difficult for us to do for people or do with people we can talk about what are your hobbies what are things that you enjoy doing and encourage people to try out volunteering or get involved in meetups to engage in activities with other people but that’s something that they’re going to have to do on their participation in extracurricular activities again kind of the same thing we can point them in the right direction of volunteerism meetups things through their through their church or their synagogue or their you know whatever clubs that they’re involved in positive relationships with adults now obviously this is more important if we’re working with children or teenagers we want to help children and teenagers kind of see where adults don’t have their head that far in the ground but we also want to help adults learn how to more effectively communicate with teenagers because a lot of adults lecture at and I know this and you’ll you’ll understand when you’re older and you know lots of that kind of stuff so things that we can do to enhance relationships with adults is to educate people about you know how to effectively communicate with teenagers for example who are trying to find their way and trying to assert independence and resisting some rules how do you deal with that how do you communicate with them in a way because a lot of parents have difficulty navigating that boundary between friend and parent so we can help with that active workshops in the community workshops you can do at churches at libraries those are things you can do there you can put them on for like an an hour once a month it’s good if you’re it’s free but it’s a good promotion for your practice if you know you go out and do it and people come to learn something from you, they’re like hey that might be helpful social competence it’s another one of those things that we can do in little snippets we can provide tips and tips and tools whether infographics on an Instagram page are really useful for a lot of teenagers they want something that’s you know in a picture and fast it’s a snapshot so social competence checklists are another really good thing if you’re teaching different types of skills for communication or how you’re supposed to use different forks I know the first time I went to a formal dinner I was looking at all the silverware going I have no idea what to do with this stuff the sense of well-being and self-confidence we can help people develop this by encouraging them to focus on what they do well we want to make sure they have plans well that means goal setting and since a lot of people don’t know how to goal-set they don’t have goals, so they’re just kind of floating out there not looking at the future we want to help people look at the future and figure out how they’re going to get there so they’re like wow this is doable this is attainable this is another thing you can put work put worksheets on your website you can do short workshops to help people figure out how to look at how to define or learn how to define a rich and meaningful life and figure out how they’re going to define their goals and achieve their knowledge about risks associated with addictive behaviors now a lot of kids you know think back to the old dare programs I had a lot of clients tell me that those programs only taught me how to you safely I was like well that’s not what they were intended for but we do want to educate youth about you know still about the risks of some of those drugs and even adults not just youth educate people about how dangerous or how potentially addictive opiates for example can be after three to five days your body has already started to build up a tolerance that’s kind of scary so helping people understand that but also addictive behaviors like pornography a lot of teens don’t think about it a lot of adults don’t think about it until they’re stuck in it or online gambling you know those are some things that can kind of catch people unawares because they didn’t think about it wasn’t a substance we typically think of addictions as substances since it’s not a substance they didn’t think about the effect that the pleasure from those activities were going to have on our neurochemicals and create a a situation where they didn’t feel okay they didn’t feel normal they didn’t feel happy without having that in their life because their dopamine receptors had been blunted individual prevention strategies the big summary is we want to promote attitudes beliefs and behaviors that ultimately provide the person with healthy coping skills whether it’s through health class whether it’s through workshops I know at organizations I’ve worked at before the Jaypee would come in and do periodic workshops that’s a great way to connect with people and reduce utilization if you do psycho-educational prevention group because an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure we want to make sure that they’re aware of positive health behaviors and how to access those resources in Gainesville I don’t know about up here but I know in Gainesville the mall used to open at six o’clock in the morning so people could walk inside in a safe place and you know be out of the elements and yadda-yadda so just letting people know that that existed was a big step because they were like well I don’t want to join a gym and go to the mall with effective interpersonal skills we want to make sure people know how to effectively communicate set boundaries all that stuff that we talked about this can be taught it’s nice if your local news is willing to use you to do you know wellness minute I find one of the best places to do that is either right before or right after the weather because most everybody Tunes in for the weather, I may not stick around for the animal of the day or whatever well I always do but I’m always tuned in for the weather so if you get either right before or right after that you tend to get higher viewership and reach more people and a minute gives somebody a chunk of something that they can use today-specific approaches may include education and life skills training in schools you know is provided to the kids and have them share it with their parents through the media and community center or library workshops those are all great ways to get stuff out I encourage you if you want to get into providing prevention and helping to help your community helping people to prevent getting depressed or anxious or developing other problems to look at doing some of these very time-limited things because you don’t want to lose a lot of billable hours but we still want to be able to do more than we’re doing at least that’s what a lot of a lot of us tend to feel like the mesosystem so we’ve been talking about the individuals so far because that’s where we can have the greatest effect the mesosystem examines close relationships that may increase the risk of experimenting with high-risk behaviors or developing mood disorders people’s closest circle of peers partners and family members influence their behavior and contribute to their range of experience if you’ve got a child that grows up in a household where the parent or parents are clinically depressed they’re not able to model effective coping skills where they model cognitive distortions guess what jr. Is gonna pick up if you are in a household where you know you’re in college and you’ve got four other roommates and all of your your other roommates tend to be negative and naysayers you’re either probably going to move or you may that might start wearing off on you a little bit likewise if they are you know all kinds of go-getters that can wear off on you too so you know there’s going to be an impact risk factor is peer and family reinforcement of negative or unhealthy norms and expectations so if your family says you know people suck they’re always going to take advantage of you what are you going to take away from that and is that going to contribute to you probably having difficulties with trusting and maybe developing depression possibly so we want to look at what kind of messages is the peer group or family sending to the individual that may contribute to the development of mood or anxiety disorders early sexual activity among peers could communicate that well this is the norm so everybody’s doing it ties to deviant peers and gang involvement you know especially at that particular group there’s a lot of pressure to conform or there’s a negative consequences family members who don’t spend much time together and this could be because parents work a lot this could be because everybody’s you know involved in all kinds of other stuff but they found that when families are disengaged the parents tend to miss out on subtle cues when families are disengaged even if they don’t have children in the mix that there tends to be a weakening of those bonds supportive bonds so people are at higher risk for development of depression and anxiety because they don’t have that you know everybody’s behind me sort of feeling parents who have trouble keeping track of youth can indicate that the youth may be at risk for developing substance or more mood disorders lack of clear rules and consequences you think about even just being at work when there’s a lack of clear rules and consequences you don’t exactly know what you’re supposed to do I know for me that creates doodles of anxiety I like manuals and to date pretty much every job I’ve ever taken I’ve walked in and there hasn’t been a manual and I’ve been like okay there must be a manual written and that’s been my first thing now I’m kind of on the structured side so I don’t expect everybody is that way but most of us tend to experience a little bit of anxiety about failure about acceptance if we don’t know what’s expected so it’s important whether it’s a family or a job situation to make sure there’s clear rules and consequences you know what’s expected and what’s going to happen if you mess up or if you don’t meet this expectation there also needs to be consistent expectations and limits you know when people especially children but a lot of us tested our limits when we were kids and even as adults you know I know you know going back to working in organizations I would have staff who would test limits and see how long they could go without turning in a progress note before I’d be knocking on their door going paperwork it’s natural for people to kind of test limits especially with stuff they don’t want to do stuff that’s not rewarding family conflict and abuse can cause a high risk of depression and anxiety whether adults or children I mean if there’s a a lot of conflict and chaos it’s exhausting and it can cause a lot of dysphoric emotions and loss of employment that’s kind of self-explanatory protective factors close family relationships so as clinicians we can encourage people to identify who they consider their family it may not be their blood relatives or their family who are there for them who can they call it 2:00 in the morning and how can they nurture those relationships encourage people to develop relationships with peers that are involved in pro-social activities like hiking or volunteering in the community consistency of parenting is important in terms of producing children who are who are stronger healthier more resilient encouraging education and parents who are actively involved can help prevent future depression because they’re creating children who can join the workforce and have that individual capital to prevent depression and anxiety and cope with stress positively and this is a family protective factor and a peer for protective factor why because we learn from observation so if our peers cope with stress positively by prayer or exercise or whatever it is they do and our family has other positive ways of coping with stress and we’re going to have a greater venue of stuff to choose from supportive relationships with caring for adults beyond the immediate family is encouraged so we want children to grow up being able to interact with teachers coaches with you know Scout leaders whomever and start seeing that people outside of the nuclear family are trustworthy sharing and family responsibilities including chores and decision making and that’s true for children teenagers and even adults you know if you’re living in the same household it important that everybody feels like they have a say in what’s happening and participates in the upkeep of the family environment and family members are nurturing and support each other and this is one where I tend to stop and I do a love languages little mini class to help people remember that we don’t always experience nurturance in the same way so understanding one another’s love language is really important to be able to nurture in a way that’s meaningful to that other person peer and family interventions are designed to identify norms goals and expectations in the family foster family problem-solving skills so there’s not just one person always fixing it develop structure and consistency within the family unit promote healthy relationships and engage peers and family of choice in the recovery process so if somebody’s already depressed we need to be able to hopefully engage everybody that’s involved in this person’s immediate environment in helping them move towards recovery and you know preferably not dragging them back down so we want to engage them and make sure that people have a supportive others school and work risk factors lack of clear expectations both academic or performance-wise and behavioral lack of commitment or sense of belonging at school or at work if you just kind of go and you feel like a number you punch in punch out that may not make you feel appreciated which can contribute to depression and you know just bad feelings high numbers of students failing academically at school and work translates to high amounts of turnover if you never know who’s going to get laid off it increases stress and anxiety and parents and community members who are not actively involved in keeping kids in school and helping make sure that the workforce workforce is strong but we want to make sure that people have access to how when it’s needed we want to make sure that people have access to tutoring in school if they need it to prevent failing school they have access to transportation to get to work now those are things those are meta concepts that are more on the community level but it’s important that as a community member you know we look at different things that we may be able to participate in advocacy and say you know it’s really important to get a bus system going I live out about 30 miles east of Nashville and we must have the the train that goes from my city out to Nashville so people have access to more jobs so that was important for us to get past the City Commission protective factors school and work positive attitudes gotta find a reason why you’re doing this you know and sometimes it’s hard to find a reason for algebra but we need to help kids find a reason for that we need to help adults find a reason for why they’re going to work why are they doing what they’re doing regular attendance shows you know it is associated with higher mood less less risk of mood or addictive disorders because you’re able to get up and do it and interface with people and get that social support hopefully from your colleague’s high expectations are communicated effectively in setting and positive social development is encouraged you know whether it’s at work or at school, there are goals there are things you’ve got to accomplish there are performance objectives but we also want to encourage morale and positive social bonding whatever the setting having a positive instructional climate again whether at work or school, I know we learn things when we’re on the job we learn things and I don’t want people to feel like they’re having difficulty like they’re stupid I want people to feel like anything that we teach them as a challenge and something that may be beneficial down the road leadership and decision-making opportunities are really important again for students or employees to prevent burnout keep morale up reduce anxiety and increase a sense of personal empower and connection and active involvement for everybody is fostered and the school or organization is responsive to the student’s needs making sure that in school in the case of school they have access to tutoring resources it’s a safe environment for them to be in and the children that are going to that school have enough food in their bellies you know they can’t learn if they’re hungry all the time workplace is a little bit different but we still need to be responsive to people’s needs in terms of you know family requirements whether they need to if they’re going back to school shifting schedules a little bit we need to try to work with people instead of being completely rigid and it’s my way or the highway when possible to promote the best mental health characteristics of settings in which relationships are often associated with the development of mood disorders and addictive behaviors so we want to look at the characteristics of schools that are they safe are they positive environments are they cheering squads or are they places where people know they’re gonna go and get thrown under the bus same thing with workplaces you know when you walk into a place you get most of we get a sense and you’re either like oh this is a cool place to work or oh I can’t wait til I can get out of here you know we want to go toward the other end and neighborhoods when you go into a neighborhood – people take care of their environment do they or do they have trash strewn all over their lawn all of these things communicate how people feel about their environment and generally how they feel about themselves and whether they have the energy to take care of stuff or they just feel completely disenfranchised and don’t care more about community risk factors no sense of connection to the community neighborhood disorganization rapid changes high unemployment a lack of strong social institutions lack of monitoring of youths activities imbalanced media portrayals of safety health and appropriate behavior misleading advertising and alcohol or drugs readily available a lot of stuff we do we’re not going to be able to affect on the community level so much but we’re gonna hit them real quick we want to improve the climate process and policies within community schools and workplaces to make it safe and promote positive health behaviors prevention strategies are designed to reduce social isolation reduce and address stigma increase awareness of local recovery models you know who’s out there that has recovered and can serve as a role model improve economic and housing opportunities so people have a house a safe roof over their head and they can you know earn money and feel good about themselves increasing the accuracy and improving the positivity of media messages and increasing physical and financial ability availability of recovery so like I said I live in a little town so it’s nice that we have a community mental health center here so people don’t have to rely on going into Nashville but also making sure that services are financially available whether you have a free clinic once a month or you know make sure you’ll you take Medicaid but there are still a lot of people who have no insurance so where do they go the socio-ecological model identifies how the end the individual impacts and is impacted by not only his own characteristics but also those of family peers community and culture prevention takes the form of preventing the problem preventing the worsening of the problem and preventing associated fallout like I said as clinicians a lot of what we’re going to do is target the individual providing them with resiliency skills to deal with some of this adversity that might be around them and to help them sort through some of those media messages and go yeah that’s not even true you know if I drink this vodka I’m not suddenly going to have 14 supermodels hanging on me or whatever it is that’s being communicated so encouraging people to be informed and Wylie consumers any change in the the system will affect other parts of this system so if it’s a positive change is probably going to have positive changes negative has negative changes addressing addictive and mood disorder behaviors require a the multi-pronged approach we need to look at the individual and you know provide provide as many skills as possible there because that’s where we’re going to have a lot of our impact especially in prevention but we also need to realize that this person resides within a family you know whether they live alone which sometimes is less problematic or they live in a household with other people, we need to make sure that where they lay their heads at night where they spend their non-working hours feel safe and is conducive to recovery where they work or go to school also needs to feel safe and be conducive to recovery and that’s part of the community so we need to kind of look at these areas and if they aren’t safe or they don’t feel safe or aren’t conducive to recovery, we need to help people how to figure out how they can fix that or address it like I said they may not be able to move so what can you do to set some boundaries to create as much safety as you can how can you do this and there are a lot of different techniques that I’m sure you already have that you used to help people but it’s important again not to just focus on the individual because they don’t live in a bubble we need to look at everything right and are Are there any questions now we have or I have added a Wednesday class, so you don’t don’t have to come but if you have unlimited membership same time same station Wednesday so Tuesday Wednesday and Thursday we have a class from noon. CST 1 p.m. EST 2 for an hour all righty I will talk to y’all maybe tomorrow maybe on Thursday have a great day if you enjoy this podcast please like and subscribe either in your podcast player or on YouTube you can attend and participate in our live webinars with Doctor Snipes by subscribing at all CEUs comm slash counselor toolbox this episode has been brought to you in part by all CEUs com providing 24/7 multimedia continuing education and pre certification training to counselors therapists and nurses since 2006 use coupon code consular toolbox to get a 20% discount off your order this month.As found on YouTubeI thought my anxiety disorder was for life… $49.⁰⁰ But I Discovered How Hundreds Of Former Anxiety Sufferers Melted Away Their Anxiety And Now Live Relaxed, Happy Lives – With No Trace Of Anxiety Or Depression At All! http://flywait.anxiety4.hop.clickbank.net We’ve seen so many people go anxiety-free that we have no hesitation in guaranteeing this program. 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Addressing Vulnerabilities to Prevent Anxiety, Depression and Pain

 This episode was pre-recorded As part of a live continuing   education webinar on-demand CEUs are still available for this presentation   through all CEUs registered at all CEUs.com/counselor toolbox I’d like to welcome everybody to today’s presentation we’re going to return to   talking about vulnerabilities and this is a topic We’ve covered it before, but you know I don’t seem to   be able to say enough about it so we’re going to talk some more about it we’re going to define   what vulnerabilities are and you know I expand the definition more than what occurred in   dialectical behavior therapy because I think there are a lot of other resources or vulnerabilities   out there sorry I’m trying to read two things at Once anyhow we’re going to identify some of the   most common vulnerabilities as I define them so We’re going to go beyond sleep in nutrition and we’re going to look at environmental vulnerabilities…
 
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Dr. Dawn-Elise Snipes is a Licensed Professional Counselor and Qualified Clinical Supervisor. She received her PhD in Mental Health Counseling from the University of Florida in 2002. In addition to being a practicing clinician, she has provided training to counselors, social workers, nurses, and case managers internationally since 2006 through AllCEUs.com A direct link to the CEU course is https://www.allceus.com/member/cart/i…
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Best Practices for Anxiety Treatment | Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

 This episode was pre-recorded As part of a live continuing   education webinar on-demand CEUs are still available for this presentation   AllCEUs.com/Anxiety-CEU I’d like to welcome everybody to today’s presentation on best practices for the   treatment of anxiety I am your host, Dr. Dawn Elise Snipes now not too long ago we did a presentation on strengths-based biopsychosocial   approaches to addressing anxiety while Those are wonderful you know I thought maybe   we ought to look at you know what’s some of the current research so I went into PubMed which is   I don’t know it’s a playground for me it’s where You find a lot of journal articles and you   can sort I sorted by articles that were done and meta-analyses that were done within   the past five years so that gives us an idea About current research I mean there’s a lot   of stuff that is still the same like some of The medications that were known to work ten   years ago are still known to be you know good first-line treatments but there are also some   newcomers that we’ll talk about and there are also some changes that we’re going to talk about so we’re going to explore some common causes for anxiety symptoms in order to treat it, we   really need to and of course, this does play into the biopsychosocial aspect we really need to   understand kind of what causes it because anxiety that’s caused by for example somebody having a   racing heart may be different than anxiety that’s caused for somebody who has abandonment issues so we’re… …It can be incorporated in a lot of various places   again where they’re not applying it or ingesting it in any way all they’re doing is smelling it   they’ve used it in defusing aromatherapy in hospital emergency rooms and they found that it   reduces stress and irritability the people in emergency rooms and I’ve been to enough emergency   rooms over the course of the years to know that People who are in emergency rooms typically are not in the   best mood so if it can help those people then It’s probably going to have some sort of an   effect so psychologically helping clients realize that their body thinks there’s a threat for some   reason that’s why it triggered the threat response system which is what they call anxiety, so they   need to figure out why is there really a threat You know sometimes it’s like the fire alarm going   off in my house it just means that the windows are open and there’s a strong breeze there is no fire   there is no problem there’s just a malfunction It’s a false alarm A lot of times clients get this threat reaction they get this stress reaction and it’s not a big deal right now so they   can start modifying what their brain responds to and again, those basic fears that a lot of people   worry about failure rejection loss of control the unknown and death and loss distress tolerance is   one of those cognitive interventions that has taken center stage in anxiety research and   it isn’t about controlling your anxiety you know helping people recognize their anxiety acknowledge   it and say okay I’m anxious it is what it is How can I improve the next moment instead of   saying I’m anxious I shouldn’t be anxious I hate being anxious and slang with that anxiety let it   go just accept it is what it is have the client learn to start saying I am feeling anxious okay so distracted don’t react because I explain to them The whole notion of feelings comes in crest and go out   in about 20 minutes It’s like a wave so once they acknowledge their feeling if they can distract   themselves for twenty or thirty minutes you know Obviously, they figured out there’s no real threat if they can distract themselves for twenty or thirty minutes those emotions can go down and then   they can deal with it in their wise mind and encourage them to use distancing techniques instead of   saying I am anxious, or I am terrified or whatever Have them say I am having the thought that this   is the worst thing in the world I am having the thought that I could not handle this because thoughts   come and go and that comes from acceptance and commitment therapy functional analysis makes it   possible to specify where and when with what frequency with what intensity and under what circumstances   the anxious response is triggered so it’s important that we help clients develop the   ability to do functional analyses on their own so when they start feeling anxious, they can stop and   say okay where am I what’s going on how intense Is it what are the circumstances, and they start   really trying to figure out what causes this for them so they can identify any common themes from   their psychoeducation about cognitive distortions and techniques to prevent those circumstances or   mitigate them can be provided so if the client knows that they get anxious before they go into   a meeting with their boss and it’s usually a high intensity of anxiety okay so we can educate them and help them identify what fears that may be related to techniques to slow their breathing calm   their stress reaction and help them figure out times in the past when they’ve handled going in   and talking to their boss and it really wasn’t the end of the world you know there’s lots of   different things we can do there for them there but the first key and it gives them a lot of   a huge sense of empowerment to start becoming detectives in their own life and going okay now   under what situations does this happen positive Writing this was another really cool study each   day for 30 days the experimental group and this was high school-aged youth in China but you know   the experimental group engaged in 20 minutes of writing about positive emotions they felt that   day so they’re writing about anything positive that make them happy that made them enthusiastic give them hope whatever long-term expressive writing positive emotions so after 30 days it   appeared to help reduce test anxiety by helping them develop insight and use positive emotion   words so it got them out of the habit of using the destruction and doom words and encouraged them   to get in the habit of looking at the positive things and being more optimistic it’s a really cool activity that clients can try it’s…The Market WeekSign Up For The Free Newsletter No nonsense, no spam, unsubscribe anytime You can unsubscribe at any time. Read our privacy policy. Financial disclaimer: The Market Week is a general interest newsletter that is not liable for the suitability or future investment performance of any securities or strategies discussed. Readers are advised that the material contained herein should be used solely for informational purposes. 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Best Practices for Anxiety Treatment | Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

 this episode was pre-recorded as part of a live continuing   education webinar on-demand CEUs are still available for this presentation   AllCEUs.com/Anxiety-CEU I’d like to welcome everybody to today’s presentation on best practices for the   treatment of anxiety I am your host, Dr. Dawn Elise Snipes now not too long ago we did a presentation on strengths-based biopsychosocial   approaches to addressing anxiety while those are wonderful you know I thought maybe   we ought to look at you know what’s some of the current research so I went into PubMed which is   I don’t know it’s a playground for me it’s where you find a lot of journal articles and you   can sort I sorted by articles that were done and meta-analyses that were done within   the past five years so that gives us an idea about current research I mean there’s a lot   of stuff that is still the same like some of the medications that were known to work ten   years ago are still known to be you know good first-line treatments but there are also some   newcomers that we’ll talk about and there are also some changes that we’re going to talk about so we’re going to explore some common causes for anxiety symptoms to treat, we need to and of course, this does play into the biopsychosocial aspect we need to   understand kind of what causes it because anxiety that’s caused by for example somebody having a   racing heart may be different than anxiety that’s caused for somebody who has abandonment issues so   we’re gonna treat the two things differently so we want to look at some of the common causes we’re   gonna look at some common triggers for anxiety Do you know what are some of these common themes that   we see in practice I will ask you to share some of the themes that you see that underline   or underlie a lot of your client’s anxiety and identify current best practices for anxiety   management including counseling interventions medications physical interventions and supportive   treatments so we care because anxiety can be debilitating and a lot of our clients   have anxiety a lot of our clients have anxiety comorbid with depression and they’re looking at   us going how can I feel anxious and stressed out and like I can’t sit still and be depressed at the   same time you know when you’re depressed you’re supposed to want to sleep well a lot of times   people who have both issues want to sleep but they can’t so I want to help clients   understand that also sometimes anxiety when people are anxious for long enough the body   starts kind of holding on to the cortisol the body recognizes at a certain point this is a   losing battle I’m not going to put energy into this anymore so it starts withdrawing some of   its excitatory neurotransmitters so to speak and people will start to feel depressed the   brain has already said this is hopeless this is you’re helpless to change the situation so   then people start feeling hopeless and helpless which is sort of the definition if you will of   depression low-grade chronic stress and anxiety arose energy and people’s ability to concentrate   so if we’re going to help them become their uber selves we need to help them figure out how to   address anxiety not just generalized overwhelming debilitating anxiety but also panic social anxiety   and those minor anxiety triggers that come along that may not meet the threshold for diagnosis   anxiety is a major trigger for addiction relapse if you have a client who is self-medicated before   or had an addiction for some reason anxiety is a major trigger increased physical pain when anxiety   goes up people tend to tense their muscles when they tense their muscles they tend to feel more   pain I mean think about when you’re stressed you tend to have more pain like in your neck your   back and things that already hurt may hurt more why because serotonin which is one of our major   anti-anxiety neurotransmitters is also one of our major pain modulators so when serotonin levels are   too low because anxiety is high then our pain perception is going to be more acute and people   can have sleep problems if they’re stressed out your body thinks there’s a threat you’re not   going to be able to get into that deep restful sleep you may have you may sleep you may sleep   a lot but it’s probably not quality sleep which means your neurotransmitters may get out of whack   your hormones make it out of whack and your body is going to start perceiving yourself in a   persistent state of stress when you’re exhausted the body knows that we may be the weakest link   in the herd so it continues to secrete cortisol to keep you on alert a little bit so you   may again you may be resting kind of like when you have a new baby at home those first couple   of months that my children were home from the hospital I slept but I didn’t sleep well I mean   the slightest little noise and I was awake and I was looking around and you know I felt it I felt   exhausted and a lot of new parents do so triggers for anxiety abandonment and rejection and we’re   going to talk about ways we might want to deal with these things but some of the underlying   themes that I’ve seen in a lot of clients and when I do the research and a lot of what themes that   come out include low self-esteem if someone has low self-esteem they’re looking to be externally   validated oftentimes they’re looking for somebody else to tell them you’re lovable you’re okay so   that can lead to anxiety about not having people to tell them you’re okay which makes   their relationships tenuous and can make them dysfunctional irrational thoughts and cognitive   distortions may lead people to believe that if I’m not perfect for example I am not lovable so we’re   going to look at some irrational thoughts and cognitive distortions unhealthy social supports   and relationships when you’re in a relationship it takes two to tango and even if your client is   relatively mentally and physically healthy if they are in a dysfunctional relationship they can fear   abandonment and rejection if that other person is always saying if you don’t do X I’m going   to leave you or if that other person is always cheating on them or whatever so relationships   can trigger abandonment anxiety and ineffective interpersonal skills can lead to relationship   turmoil and social exile if our clients are in relationships even if they’re not completely   dysfunctional if our clients are not able to ask for what they need and set appropriate boundaries   and manage conflict effectively because conflict happens in every relationship then they may start   to argue more which may lead to fearing may lead to relationships ending in the past and them going   well every relationship I get into ends which means I must not be lovable so they start fearing   abandonment and rejection these are four areas that we can look at one more assessing clients   another issue is the unknown and loss of control a lot of times negative self-talk and cognitive   distortions can contribute to that if I don’t have control of everything then it’s all going to be a   disaster negative others when clients hang out or when people hang out with negative people it   kind of wears on you after a while you notice that people who tend to be more negative   pessimistic conspiracy-minded tend to hang out with people who are also negatively pessimistic and   conspiracy-minded so if you’re hanging out with somebody who tends to be anxious then the anxiety   can be palpable and it can kind of permeate physical complaints can lead people to be   anxious because they don’t know what’s causing it like I said earlier sometimes if your heart starts   to race if you don’t know what’s causing it you can start thinking I’m having a heart attack or   I’m gonna die when people have panic attacks for the example they truly think they’re having a heart   attack and it’s I’ve had them they are very very unpleasant experiences but when people   start having physical complaints and it can be you know they have a weird rash that they can’t get to   go away or whatever but when they don’t know what it is and they can’t control it they can’t   make it go away they start thinking about all the worst-case scenarios and going online and   getting on WebMD which usually gives you all the worst-case scenarios um so physical complaints   are important we need to normalize the fact that nobody’s pain-free all the time and you know the   fact that you may have an ache or a pain or a lump or a bump or you know a cough most likely you know   when we look at probability the probability of it being something significant is pretty small now   do you want to get it checked out probably but you know the probability that is anything to be   worried about is relatively small and a sense of powerlessness can trigger fear of the unknown   and loss of control for somebody who doesn’t feel like they have any agency in their life   if they have an external locus of control or if they felt victimized all of their life then   they may fear not being in control they may be holding on and saying okay this is the one area   of my life I can control when I grew up you know I grew up in a very chaotic environment I had no   control I was bounced around in the foster system yadda yadda yadda now that I’m an adult you know I   can control these things and I am going to hold on with white knuckles and if I can’t control   everything then that terrifies me to death and loss are other triggers for anxiety and it can   be people or pets and pets are important I don’t want to minimize pets because you know they are   little parts of a lot of our families so making sure we check that my daughter’s dog for example   is it’s getting old she’s getting older she’s 14 now I think and you know she’s in decent health   we took her to the vet and the vet said yeah she’s got a little heart murmur but that’s expected for   a 14-year-old dog and but when she goes out if she doesn’t come back when I call her I have this rush   of anxiety for a second oh my gosh I hope this wasn’t the day so anxious around losing people   and you know if she when she crosses the bridge she will and you know I’m okay with that I’m   I have a harder time dealing with my daughter’s emotional turmoil when that happens and because   she’s grown up with this dog so you know those are the types of things that we want to talk about   with our clients what things are weighing on you that you may not even be thinking about because I   know in the back of my mind there’s always that worry about one of our donkeys and her dog jobs   and promotions can trigger anxiety if people are afraid they’re gonna lose their job if they’re   always afraid that you know they’re gonna walk in and get a pink slip or get fired you know we want   to help them look at how realistic they are you doing what you need to do to achieve   and keep your job and sometimes it’s not easy to answer I mean the first thought that a lot of us   have is well you know if you’re doing the right thing so just do it but there are those bosses   out there and I’ve had some amazing bosses a lot of them and I’ve had two horrendous   bosses and those two bosses I could never I never felt like I was able to do anything right   and so going to those jobs there was always this anxiety about what I’m what am I going to get in   trouble for today so you want to talk with people about does your job cause anxiety what can you   do to moderate that anxiety the same thing with promotions people may get anxious about whether   they’re going to get promoted to safety and security you know when you lose safety and security you can   feel anxious so if there’s a break-in at the house next door or shooting down the road   or you start watching the news you can feel very unsafe and insecure quickly so we want to   help people figure out how safe and secure are you really and a lot of it goes back to really looking   at facts when people lose their dreams and hopes or fear that they’re going to lose their dreams   and hopes they can start to get anxious you know they have this dream that they’re going to be   a doctor or I just finished the presentation on helping high school students transition to college   and a lot of high school students for example start college with these wide eyes and hopes   to save the world and they want to be doctors and engineers and this and that and they get   into it and they realize that it’s a lot harder then they thought or they realize that you know   what I don’t like this but I’ve already committed to it so what do I do I want to help   people but I can’t I can’t cut it doing this you know for me I figured out in my second year that   I wasn’t going to medical school because I wasn’t going to pass calculus and that caused a lot of   anxiety it was like okay what am I gonna do now Do you know what career should I choose to help people figure out do they have dreams that have maybe kind of crashed and burned and you have to   find new ones you know okay that one we’ve got to accept it figure out that it’s not going to be and   what can you do now people may also have dreams about relationships, they get into relationships   and see themselves with this person forever and then this relationship ends and or starts to   get rocky and they’re like but that’s my dream what happens if that’s got to happen because   it’s my dream I don’t know how to function if that goes away we want to help people be able to   rewrite their narrative and then sickness spiders and other phobias kind of go in with death a lot   of times when people get sick they start getting anxious that oh my gosh what if this is terminal   oh my gosh what if this is you know incurable if I get bit by a spider it’s gonna kill me and   which is rare you know there are very few spiders that is that poisonous same thing with   snakes going over bridges I’ve shared with you all that is not one of my irrational fears you know I   am just terrified that you know something’s going to happen and I’m going to get pushed off the side   of the bridge which is completely irrational but we need to help people look at those and identify   the thoughts that they’re telling themself about those phobias and dealing with that anxiety failure   is another trigger for anxiety especially in this culture our culture American culture is   in large part puts a high premium on success and perfectionism so when people realize that   they’re not perfect they may start to get anxious because they feel like if I’m not perfect then I’m   a failure you know those cognitive distortions of all-or-nothing thinking and they start with that   negative self-talk you know you can’t do anything right so those are some of the issues that you   know we often see in counseling sessions so what do we do you know somebody comes in and is like   I can’t live this way doc anxiety depression and substance disorders as well as a range of physical   disorders are often comorbid so this is the first the thing we need to realize is that   we’re very rarely dealing with a very simple diagnosis you know when somebody comes in we need   to figure out you know if they come in and they’re presenting with depression all right let’s talk   about that and then we start realizing that there depression started to occur after a long period   of being anxious okay so we need to deal with that but we also need to help them   with their sense of hopelessness and helplessness we need to develop that sense of empowerment and   then substance disorders we know that substance use is often a way of self-medicating but we also   know that it monkeys with the neurochemicals in the brain and can contribute to anxiety and   depression the same thing to physical issues pain from physical disorders anxiety about having   physical disorders medications you’re taking for physical disorders can all contribute to anxiety   so we need to look at the person as a whole and go what are all the things that are contributing to   the anxiety and what are all the things that the anxiety is contributing to so we have started having this big list of stuff that needs to be addressed and then we can start figuring out okay   where we start so knowing that these things are comorbid helps researchers explore pathways   to mental disorders so they can start figuring out you know what little string can we pull to   unravel this blanket of anxiety so it doesn’t suffocate somebody and for us as clinicians it   provides us key opportunities to intervene in you know sometimes clients will come in and start talking about their anxiety and their physical issues you   know maybe their anxieties about you know heart palpitations and because that’s a common one we   may want to encourage them to go see the doctor to get that ruled out you know rule out anything that   has to do with hormone imbalances or you know heart conditions or anything else that might be   contributing to it which can help them address it and if they do have physical disorders let’s   go with hormone imbalances that are contributing to the heart palpitations then they can start to   treat that if they don’t start to treat that then no amount of talk therapy we do is going to get   them to the quality of life that they’re looking for because they’re still gonna feel those so   we want to make sure that we’re addressing them holistically anxiety disorders should be treated   with psychological therapy pharmacy therapy or a combination of both and what they found and this   is no surprise this is kind of old news is that counseling Plus pharmacotherapy tends to have the   best outcomes but separating the two have similar outcomes in many cases but that’s just   looking at and I hate to call it simple anxiety but we’re just looking at anxiety symptoms here   we’re not looking at the full quality of life and we want to make sure that we’re also including any   medical issues behavioral therapy is regarded as the psychotherapy with the highest level   of evidence, there are a variety of cognitive behavioral approaches ranging from acceptance   and commitment therapy to dialectical behavior therapy to CBT to debt you know any of those that   deal with the thoughts and the cognitions that fall in that realm and it is effective in the current conceptualization of the etiology of anxiety disorders includes an interaction of   psychosocial factors such as childhood adversity or stressful events and a genetic vulnerability   so the psychosocial factors and these are other things when we do our assessment we want to pay   attention to because our approach to treatment is going to be different for people for example   who have trauma-related brain changes maybe then for somebody who doesn’t so, we want to   look at childhood adversity and stressful events that it may have caused basically what I tell clients is like rewiring of the brain there are trauma-related brain changes in soldiers and   especially in children or in people who’ve been exposed to extreme trauma that is designed to   protect them but it also can cause complications kind of later on in dealing with anxiety coping   skills that were learned that are ineffective you know sometimes people grow up in a household or an   environment or a situation where they don’t learn effective coping skills so we need to kind of help   them unlearn those and learn new ones build on their strengths and trauma issues that may still   need to be dealt with such as domestic violence you know if they grew up a lot around a lot of   domestic violence they may think you know I’m out of that situation it’s over I don’t want to   think about it it’s not bothering me anymore or a parental absence and I put absence because it can   be death it can be a parent that just packed up and left it could be a child that got put up for   adoption whatever put the child in a position of feeling like they were rejected by a parent can   be very traumatic and bullying among other things but there are a lot of trauma issues that people   once they’re out of that situation often say you know I’m out of it it’s not a big deal I dealt   with it let’s move on and they don’t realize the full ramifications and how that’s contributing to   their current anxiety and their current self-talk and cognitions of current stressors if somebody has   a lot of current stressors that’s also going to impact whether they develop generalized anxiety   you know we’re kind of stacking the deck here and the current availability of social support if they   don’t have effective current social support then they’re gonna have difficulty bearing the weight   of everything on their shoulders so we want to look at all these psychosocial factors when   we do our assessment now going back to the trauma issues if you’ve taken the trauma courses at   all CEUs you know that some people are not ready to acknowledge that the trauma is still bothering   them or work on the trauma and that’s okay we can educate them that it might be an issue and   then let them choose how to address it but we want to bear in mind the fact that you   know this could be sort of an underlying force motivating some of the current cognitions and genetic vulnerability so you take any three people and you put them or 300 people and you   put them through roughly the same psychosocial situations they’re all probably going to react   a little bit differently based on their prior experiences but also because of their genetic   makeup there are certain permutations and they found four we’ll talk about later that make the   brain more or less responsive to stress and more or less responsive to serotonin which   is your calming chemical so brains that are less responsive to serotonin isn’t going to you know   send out as much or send out serotonin as easily so people can stay kind of tensed and wired that’s an oversimplified explanation but that’s all you need for right now so genetic   vulnerability impacts people’s susceptibility to the effects and development of dependence   on certain substances which can increase anxiety when people are detoxing from alcohol when they’re   detoxing from benzos when they’re detoxing from opiates they can feel high levels of anxiety when   they take opiates some people find that opiates have wonderful anti-anxiety properties not that   I am advocating for the use of opiates I’m just client experiences have shown that that   can be true so some people are going to be more susceptible to the anti-anxiety effects   of certain substances and some people are going to be Cerrone to become dependent on substances   where others may not and that part of that is genetic vulnerability and they estimate about   30% the predictability of the development of anxiety disorders is genetic and genetics   also impact which medications are effective if you have genetic makeup then SSRIs might   be helpful then atypical antipsychotics may be more effective   and SSRIs might not do anything which is why a lot of our clients get so frustrated because they know there’s no way to figure out exactly what I guess there is now that there’s genetic testing   out there but up until then it was harder to figure out which medications to start with and   most physicians matter of fact I don’t know of a single physician that starts by   saying well let’s do a genetic profile to see what med to start you out with most we’ll start with events as with an SSRI or some other anti-anxiety medication some sort of Benzo that’s been my experience so we may want to encourage clients to consider genetic   testing if they’re having difficulty finding a medication regime that works for them and they   are feeling like they have to have medication genetic vulnerability also affects what’s going   to make somebody more vulnerable now than all of you in class today you know thinking about sleep you   know sleep may not be a big deal for some of you I know people who can go days or weeks with four   or five hours of sleep and they feel fine it’s not a big deal, not me I need eight or nine hours   of sleep so genetically for whatever reason I am programmed to need a lot of sleep so when I don’t   get that much sleep I tend to be it tends to be harder for me to deal with life on life’s terms   and I know that that makes me more vulnerable to being irritable so genetic vulnerability affects   who can become addicted and affects what medications work best and affects what situations are going   to tend to make somebody more vulnerable to anxiety so our medications and I know the type   on here is small but we’re going to go through the first-line drugs are the SSRIs selective   serotonin reuptake inhibitors and SNRs is selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors   now the names are a little bit deceptive because selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors also   increase available serotonin but the mechanism of action is different the mechanism of action   for each SSRI is a little bit different as well which is why you can put somebody on Prozac and   they have an awful experience and you can put them on Zoloft and they have a much better experience like I said earlier a lot of the research pre five years ago had been done on medications and Zoloft paxil luvox lexapro celexa and their generics have all been found to be effective   at treating anxiety in certain people no one medication works for everybody in the last five   years effexor has come on the radar and it has been found effective according to the Hamilton rating scale for anxiety so that’s another one to consider if clients are not successful or getting   the treatment effect that they need for on some of the other medications obviously, none of us   probably are prescribers but we do need to educate clients about why the first drug or even the third   drug that the doc tries may not work so they don’t start feeling helpless and hopeless like   I said earlier there are at least four different genetic variations which are correlated with the   development of generalized anxiety disorder and different medications are more or less effective   depending on the genetic makeup of the person there’s a high mortality rate moving on to two   benzos the recommendation has switched to back off from the use of benzos now for   some doctors will prescribe an SSRI and for the first, four weeks while the SSRI is building up   in the system they will also prescribe a Benzo to be taken as needed to moderate the   anxiety and you know you could argue on either side of that, if somebody has a history of substance   use or substance dependence benzos are really a bad idea because they do have a high rate of   dependence but the other reasons that they are now cautioning against the use of benzodiazepines is   that there’s a higher mortality rate among benzo users compared with non-users there’s an increased   risk for dependence with use for more than six months and that’s a long time to be using Benzo and when we’re talking about dependence and six months we’re talking about somebody who uses it   like every four hours or every eight hours depending on your Benzo every single day, not   a PRN user if somebody’s using it at night to help them go to sleep or you know three or four   times a week when the anxiety gets high the risk of dependence is relatively low but a   lot of people with anxiety because if they find the right Benzo makes them feel so much better   they may not want to be off of it and for a lot of people when that benzo reaches its half-life and   starts getting out of the system even more their anxiety spikes you know they have rebound anxiety   which they want to medicate with more benzos that’s gonna be an issue for them to discuss   with their doctor there’s also an increased risk of dementia identified in long-term benzodiazepine   users again this is for the people who use you know throughout the day every day for six months   or relatively every day for six months or more and it doesn’t matter if it’s you know we’re   talking about somebody who’s 65 or somebody who’s 35 who’s been using Benzos for you know   six months a year two years the risk of later life dementia is greatly increased according   to the research benzodiazepines also don’t treat depression okay so if you’ve got somebody who has   concurrent anxiety and depression there’s a much higher suicide risk if they’re on benzodiazepines   so being aware and generally that suicide risk comes from overdosing on benzodiazepines but   not always other treatment options you know if the benzos aren’t something that people want to touch   you know they scare the living daylights out of I SSRIs and SNRIs don’t seem to be working   then tricyclic antidepressants can be tried on those your older generation antidepressant seroquel   is used a lot and there are some there’s some research that shows it can be effective   with anxiety like some of the antidepressants and depending on the person the benzos seroquel can   make people very very very sleepy so you know it may not be the side effects of the Seroquel   the weight gain and the fatigue and you know sleepiness may be an unacceptable side effect for   some clients and boosts perón is the third option boost Barone works more like an anti-depressive   serotonin reuptake inhibitor and that it takes you know four weeks or so to kind of build up in   the system studies have shown that there’s really no long-term benefit to taking it but after six months   to eighteen months of use it has been shown to be effective in talking with clients a lot of   clients report that boost bar when they take it doesn’t necessarily help them stop being anxious   like a benzodiazepine does but it helps them not go from zero to 200 in 2.3 seconds it kind of you   know keeps them from having this gush of a freak out reaction every time something goes wrong which   a lot of clients report helps because they feel more stable throughout the day after remission   medication should be continued for six to twelve months and during that last six months first six   months keep it as is last six months you know they say that tapering is best it’s best not   to stop somebody cold turkey on any of these but it’s important for people once they’re   in remission to not just suddenly go okay I feel better I don’t need any of this anymore they need   to work into it and make sure they’ve developed the skills and tools that they need to deal with some of the anxiety that is going to happen in life so physical signs and symptoms   of anxiety may include fatigue irritability muscle tension or muscle aches try laying feeling twitchy   being easily startled trouble sleeping nausea diarrhea irritable bowel syndrome headaches so the   first thing we want to do with clients when we’re talking to them well second thing first thing is   say get a physical let’s rule out physiological causes of this but we can also help clients   look at you know what might be causing these things that you can do to mitigate it what might   be contributing to your fatigue what might be contributing to your irritability and your muscle   tension or your muscle aches I mean let’s look at economics did you recently get a new bed or do you   need to get a new bed what about your desk chair I know you know I get more muscle tension and muscle   achy when I do a lot of mousing because I have deplorable posture being becoming aware of that   helps and then I’m like okay well I know it caused unfortunately, it’s unpleasant but it’s not a   big deal trembling or feeling twitchy you know that can be caused by low blood sugar that can   be caused anxiety that can also be caused by early onset Parkinson’s symptoms you know   there’s you know it can be worst case scenario or it can be something benign so we want   to have people figure out you know when you start trembling or feeling twitchy is there something   that it’s related to you know I know when my son gets excited he’s he just sits there   and you can see him almost shake because he’s so excited about something so we want to have people prevent misidentification we don’t want them to jump to that worst-case scenario we don’t   want them to go onto WebMD and go oh my gosh I’ve got cancer I’ve got this debilitating disease and   I’m going to die in six months probabilistic Lee speaking it’s not gonna happen yes get a doctor’s   opinion I’m certainly not going to tell them it’s all in your head I want them to get an   evaluation but I do want to in the meantime help them think about how likely is   this and other things for headaches and this is one another one of those that can be frustrating   as we get older our eyesight starts to go and you know there was a period there I did fine   and then after I hit 45 my eyesight just started to like steadily and kind of rapidly in my mind   decline so I have to get my eyeglass prescription changed every couple of years and that can cause   headaches so instead of starting to worry about oh my gosh I’ve got a headache all the time   maybe I’ve got a brain tumor you know I know that it’s probably my glasses or I’m grinding my   teeth so other biological interventions that have been evaluated there’s something called   the floatation rest system that reduced environmental stimulation therapy reduces sensory input into   the nervous system through the act of floating supine which is on your back in a pool of water   saturated with Epsom salt you know I’m looking at this going sounds good and you can’t   quite get the same experience in a bathtub because you’re not floating you’ve got pressure points and   you’re still hearing stuff clients can sort of simulate it with you know earplugs or whatever   but it’s if they can access this it’s been shown to be effective the float experience is   calibrated so that sensory signals from visual auditory olfactory gustatory thermal tactile or   tactile vestibular gravitational and preceptive channels are minimized which means you don’t see   here taste touch smell feel anything as is most movement and speech so you want people to lay just   like completely motionless and not talk which can be hard for some people with anxiety in the study   the study I looked at fifty participants reported significant reductions in stress muscle   tension pain depression and negative effects and it was accompanied by significant improvement in mood   characterized by increases in relaxation happiness and well-being I read the study I’m like where can   I sign up you know it sounds in looking at some of the research this was more effective for   addressing anxiety than something like a massage Tai Chi also produced significant reductions in   anxiety there was approximately a 20% treatment effect 25% treatment effect in patients with   anxiety and fibromyalgia who practiced twice a week for a year now you know we want to look at   the confounding things here is it the Tai Chi itself or is it learning to control the muscles   and becoming more in tune with your body and learning to control your breathing helps   people reduce their anxiety either way you know Tai Chi helps people do that and it was shown that   after a year after the first six months, there was a significant treatment effect but after a year   you know it kept growing and after a year it was about 25% so Tai Chi can be effective acupuncture at the HT 7 median Meridian can attenuate anxiety-like behavior induced by   withdrawal from chronic morphine treatment through the meditation of the GABA receptor system   what does that mean that means if you if the acupuncture is done in very certain places the anxiety behavior the GABA a receptor system GABA is your main calming relaxation   neurochemical that is triggered and causes your body to sort of flood that receptor system and   this research was done on people who were detoxing from morphine treatment but we can look at   generalizing the results and I would be interested to see further studies on it pain other things we   need to do to help people with anxiety when people are in chronic pain they often have anxiety that   oh my gosh this is getting worse or It’s never gonna get better or I just can’t take this pain   anymore or they may get anxious that they’re going to be rejected because they can’t do some of the   things they used to do because they’re in so much pain so there’s a lot of guilt and anxiety that   can kind of revolve around pain what can we do to help clients guided imagery is generally very   helpful if we can help them imagine you know if that pain in their shoulder imagine the pain is   like the color red flowing out of their arm or other focus mindfulness so you know when you   think about something you know when you get a shot if I don’t think about it it doesn’t hurt near as   much as if the nurse says okay now one two three and you know she’s counting down and I’m getting   prepared and I’m focused on it I had another nurse one time who she was just talking   to me and you know put the alcohol on my arm and just kept on talking and didn’t tell me she was   getting ready to give me a shot and before I knew it she had given me a shot and she was like okay   we’re done I’m like you didn’t give me a shot yet she said yes I did it’s like oh so not focusing   on it and next time you have an itch for example if you’ve ever been driving on the interstate and   you can reach on your foot I get those on the bottom of my foot sometimes and I’m like okay   I’m not going to pull over to each my foot if you focus on something besides the itch eventually, it   goes away I’m not saying the pain is gonna completely go away but the more people focus on it the more   it hurts physical therapy can help so encourage them to get a referral and encourage them to do a   self-evaluation if nothing else of ergonomics in their car at work where they watch TV and spend   most of their time at home and they’re sleeping so those are the four places that they spend most   of their time what do their ergonomics look like and that can help a lot of people mitigate   a lot of pain hormones are another thing that we need to look at imbalances of estrogen and   testosterone can contribute to anxiety symptoms heart palpitations fatigue irritability having   people get a physical we can’t as clinicians do anything about it but doctors can rapid heart   weight rate sweating palpitations are not uncommon in women in perimenopause or menopause so a lot   of women start feeling like they’re developing generalized anxiety and/or something’s going wrong   when they start reaching that mid-40s to mid-50s area and they start having some of these symptoms   again we’re not going to diagnose it but we do want them to recognize that it may not be anything   you know is catastrophic this is something that a a lot of women experience and help them figure out   how to deal with that supportive care biologically now you know this isn’t gonna treat anything but   we can help them minimize their vulnerabilities help them create a sleep routine so their brain   and body can rebalance this can help repair any adrenal issues that may be going on and improve   energy levels people with anxiety don’t sleep well so helping them figure out how to get some quality   sleep is important nutrition minimizing caffeine and other stimulants are going to be a big help   because those make people feel anxious and encourage them to work with a nutritionist to try to prevent   spikes and drops in blood sugar which can trigger the stress response when your blood sugar goes way   up or way down you can start getting kind of shaky and feel weird and that can cause people anxiety   because they might think oh my gosh I’m having a stroke or a heart attack or you know I don’t know   what these tremors are so it’s important that they don’t miss identify symptoms and encourage   them to drink enough water dehydration can lead to toxic Ardea which is increased heart rate   sunlight vitamin D deficiency is implicated in both depression and anxiety mood issues   vitamin D has been found in those main areas where serotonin receptors are found vitamin D receptors   are found so we know the serotonin and vitamin D have something going on sunlight prompts the skin   to tell the brain to produce neurotransmitters and set circadian rhythms which impact the release of   serotonin your calming neurochemical melatonin which is made from breaking down serotonin and helps you sleep and gaba so sunlight actually helps increase the release of GABA when it’s   time to start calming down and going to sleep exercise studies have shown that exercise can   have a relaxing effect and encourage clients to start slowly there’s not a whole lot of new research   on exercise and anxiety aromatherapy has been used a lot, especially in other countries in   the treatment of people with anxiety people with hospital anxiety people women who are giving birth   and they have some birth anxiety there they’ve been found to be effective in a lot of   those studies essential oils for anxiety include lavender rose Bedevere ylang ylang bergamot   chamomile frankincense and Clary sage encourage clients to just go to a health food store and   you know sniff some of these and see if it makes them feel happy and calm and content the aromatherapy   molecules enter the nasal membranes and they will start triggering neurochemical reactions   and so you don’t need to apply it you don’t need to ingest it all you need to do is so encourage   clients if they’re open to it to think about this because aromatherapy can be integrated into their bedroom for example with an atomizer or a Mr. It can be incorporated in a lot of different places   again where they’re not applying it or ingesting it in any way all they’re doing is smelling it   they’ve used it in defusing aromatherapy in hospital emergency rooms and they found that it   reduces stress and irritability the people in emergency rooms and I’ve been to enough emergency   rooms over the years to know that people who are in ers typically are not in the   best mood so if it can help those people then it’s probably going to have some sort of an   effect so psychologically helping clients realize that their body thinks there’s a threat for some   reason that’s why it triggered the threat response system which is what they call anxiety so they   need to figure out why is there a threat you know sometimes it’s like the fire alarm going   off in my house it just means that the windows are open and there’s a strong breeze there is no fire   there is no problem there’s just a malfunction it’s a false alarm a lot of times clients get this threat reaction they get this stress reaction and it’s not a big deal right now so they   can start modifying what their brain responds to and again those basic fears that a lot of people   worry about failure rejection loss of control the unknown and death and loss distress tolerance is   one of those cognitive interventions that have taken center stage in anxiety research and   it isn’t about controlling your anxiety you know helping people recognize their anxiety acknowledge   it and say okay I’m anxious it is what it is how can I improve the next moment instead of   saying I’m anxious I shouldn’t be anxious I hate being anxious and slang with that anxiety let it   go just accept it is what it is have the client learn to start saying I am feeling anxious okay so distracted don’t react because I explain to them the whole notion of feelings comes in the crest and goes out   in about 20 minutes it’s like a wave so once they acknowledge their feeling if they can distract   themselves for twenty or thirty minutes you know they figured out there was no real threat if they can distract themselves for twenty or thirty minutes those emotions can go down and then   they can deal with it in their wise mind and encourage them to use distancing techniques instead of   saying I am anxious or I am terrified or whatever have them say I am having the thought that this   is the worst thing in the world I am having the thought that I cannot handle this because thoughts   come and go and that comes from acceptance and commitment therapy functional analysis makes it   possible to specify where and when with what frequency with what intensity and under what circumstances   the anxious response is triggered so it’s important that we help clients develop the   ability to do functional analyses on their own so when they start feeling anxious they can stop and   say okay where am I what’s going on how intense is it what are the circumstances and they start trying to figure out what causes this for them so they can identify any common themes from   their psychoeducation about cognitive distortions and techniques to prevent those circumstances or   mitigate them can be provided so if the client knows that they get anxious before they go into   a meeting with their boss and it’s usually a high the intensity of anxiety okay so we can educate them and help them identify what fears that may be related to techniques to slow their breathing and calm   their stress reaction and help them figure out times in the past when they’ve handled going in   and talking to their boss and it wasn’t the end of the world you know there’s lots of   different things we can do there for them there but the first key and it gives them a lot of   a huge sense of empowerment to start becoming detectives in their own life and going okay now   under what situations does this happen positive writing this was another cool study each   day for 30 days the experimental group and this was high school-aged youth in China but you know   the experimental group engaged in 20 minutes of writing about positive emotions they felt that   day so they’re writing about anything positive that make them happy that made them enthusiastic gave them hope whatever long-term expressive writing positive emotions so after 30 days it   appeared to help reduce test anxiety by helping them develop insight and use positive emotion   words so it got them out of the habit of using the destruction and doom words and encouraged them   to get in the habit of looking at the positive things and being more optimistic it’s a cool activity that clients can try it’s not gonna hurt anything if you have them journal each day   for 30 days mindfulness also came up in the research and was shown to be effective in   a meta-analysis of six articles about mindfulness based stress reduction four about mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and three about fear of negative appraisal and emotion regulation were   reviewed all of these showed that mindfulness was an effective strategy for the treatment of   mood and anxiety disorders and is an effective in therapy protocols with different structures   including virtual modalities so you know if you’re doing it via teleconference mindfulness can still   be helpful mindfulness helps people start learning how to observe what’s going on and become aware of   what’s going on more aware of those circumstances which will help them complete their functional   analysis but it also helps them become aware of vulnerabilities and head off things in the past   and if they’re taking better care of themselves that they’re living more mindfully then they may   not experience as many situations that trigger their anxiety mindfulness also encourages clients   to learn acceptance that radical acceptance of it is what it is I’m not gonna fight it I’m angry   right now I am anxious right now however I’m feeling right now is how I feel and that’s okay it’s hard for clients to get to that but once they get a hold of that and they truly believe it   and they can say all right it’s fine I’m not gonna feel this way forever I’m gonna do something else   until the feeling passes it helps and that’s where the labeling and letting go comes in mindfulness   can also help them identify trigger thoughts what thought were you having right before you   started feeling anxious if people are mindful or let’s start back when people are not mindful they   often notice or don’t notice that they’re getting anxious until they’re like super anxious   when people are mindful they become more aware of subtle cues address unhelpful thoughts when they   say or believe it’s a dire necessity for adults to be loved by significant others for almost   everything they do always running gonna happen why is it a necessity what we can encourage them   to do is concentrate on their self-respect on winning approval for practical purposes you   know for promotions or whatever but it’s not about me being lovable it’s about me getting a promotion   and making more money and focusing on loving rather than being loved because when we give   love we generally get love back with unhelpful thought number two people feel they aren’t able to stand   it if things are not the way they want them to be or are not in their control so encourage clients   to focus on the parts that are in their control and other things in life which are going well and   to which they’re committed number three misery is invariably externally caused and is forced   on us by outside people and events just by reading that makes me feel disempowered so encouraging   clients to focus on the fact that reactions such as misery or happiness are largely caused by the   view that people take of the conditions so if you see it as a tragedy and devastating then   it’s probably going to produce misery if you see it as an opportunity and a challenge it’s   probably going to produce a different emotional reaction if something is or may be dangerous or   fearsome people should be upset and endlessly upset about obsessing about it a lot of   people with anxiety get stuck on this you know if I feel like it’s fearsome I need to worry about   it getting on a plane for example if I fear that that’s dangerous that I need to think about it   and worry about it that’s not going to do any good so encourage clients to figure out how to   face it and render it harmless if possible and when that’s not possible accept the inevitable   so looking at airplanes you know facing it means researching to figure out how dangerous   is it really and realizing that it’s not that dangerous so that helps render it a little   bit harmless in their mind it proves to them that it’s not as dangerous as it could be and when   it’s not possible accepting the inevitable you know you got a fly so getting on there figuring   out how you’re gonna get through it hurricanes are the same way people especially in places   like Texas Louisiana Florida may obsess as soon as it starts coming to hurricane season or if a   hurricane is spotted out in the Atlantic somewhere they start checking the weather every hour or more   wondering what the path is going to be and you know what there’s you can’t change the path of the   hurricane so all you can do is board up your house evacuate if necessary and deal with the fallout child driving is just another example I’ll give you know my children are learning how to drive and   that’s kind of scary and fearsome you know what’s gonna happen when they’re out there you know you   see crashes all the time well render it harmless by making sure they’ve got good training on how   to drive make sure they’re good drivers and then accepting that some things are just not within   my control it’s easier to avoid than face life difficulties and responsibilities Well running   from fear is usually much harder in the long run so encourage clients to look back at times when they’ve avoided difficulties and responsibilities and the eventual outcome you know what happened   there people believe they should be thoroughly competent in achieving in all possible respects   or they will be isolated rejected and failures we need to encourage clients to accept themselves as   imperfect with human limitations and flaws and focus on what makes them loveable human being   what qualities like courage and intelligence and creativity and those things that can’t be taken   away what inherent qualities do they have that make them awesome people because something once   strongly affected people’s lives they should indefinitely fear it if you got lost you know   when little kids get lost it’s terrifying when you’re grown up if you get lost you turn on the   GPS and you figure out your way but some people still, you know freaked out about getting lost if   they got lost once so we want to help people look back at past episodes that may be contributing to   the current anxiety and compare the situation’s you know are you the same person or is this not   a big deal now that you’re older wiser stronger encourage them to learn from past experiences   but not be overly attached to or prejudiced by them yeah you could have maybe got lost in the   past and it was a horrible experience well you were six I can see where that would be terrifying   and a horrible experience but it doesn’t have to continue to impact you that way now when you’re   you know 26 getting lost you know could be an opportunity to try a new restaurant or something   people must have complete control over things well this doesn’t happen so encourage clients   to remember that the past and the future are uncontrollable we can’t change the past it is what   it is we can learn from it so it doesn’t repeat but we can’t change it and the future is largely   uncontrollable I mean there are a lot of things I can do to stay moving toward a rich and meaningful   life but life is going to throw me curveballs sometimes and there’s nothing I can do to plan for   or control that we can control our actions in the present to stay on our preferred path and general   develop general skills to deal with adversity should it arise so we want to help clients   develop those general problem-solving skills and the general support system so when they are thrown   a curveball you know it doesn’t knock them upside the head people have virtually no control over   their emotions and cannot help feeling disturbed by things well encourage them to think about the   fact that they have real control over destructive emotions if they choose to work at improving the   next moment and changing inaccurate thoughts then they’re not going to experience the destructive   emotions as intensely or as frequently when you feel an emotion you feel how you feel but again   you don’t have to wrestle with it fight it and nurture it you can say this is how I feel how   do I improve the next moment when it comes to cognitive distortions encourage them to find   alternatives when they start to personalize things if somebody laughs when you walk out of the room   then the and the person starts getting anxious thinking oh they were making fun of me I wonder   what they thought I wonder if I had something stuck to the back of my dress and they start   getting all panicked about it that doesn’t do any good encouraging them to think you know what   our three alternate explanations that hadn’t but had nothing to do with you for why they laughed   magnification of the worst thing you know taking something and saying if this happens then it’s   going to be a catastrophe and minimization going along with that a lot of times when people magnify   and see a catastrophe they minimize not only their strengths and resources but all the   other stuff that they’ve got going for them all they’re seeing is this catastrophe so encouraging   them to focus on the facts of what is actually happening and what is the high probability   event and encourage them to get information and look at the broader picture you know yes you   got into a car crash and your car is totaled and that is unfortunate you know it sucks but   you know that is not going to cause you to lose your job and then become homeless and penniless   and yadda-yadda it might cause your insurance to go up but okay so you don’t have a car but what   are the resources that you have who can Who do you work with that might be able to give you a   ride to work you know let’s look at the resources you have and work around so problem-solving helps   with magnification and also focusing on you know let’s be grateful for what didn’t happen you know   you could have been killed but you weren’t the car was totaled it’s replaceable all or nothing   thinking again have them think about what else could have been happening like Brittney suggested   finding the exceptions instead of saying she always does this look for exceptions when has   she not done that what else has she done instead of this selective abstraction and filtering is   when people look for the good the bad and the ugly a selective abstraction means you kind of   see what you expect to see so if you expect something to be devastating you see only the   devastating aspects of it which kind of goes with the magnification and minimization you filter out   the stuff a lot of times when people are in a bad mood or are anxious they see the negative because   that’s the state of mind they’re in so encouraging people to complete the picture alright there’s   all this bad stuff now what’s the good stuff you know to encourage them to look at the good the bad   and the ugly so they get a wide view of exactly what’s going on and encourage them to remember   that hindsight is twenty-twenty when people have something embarrassing happens or they get anxious   about something that happened they look back and they go I should have or I could have or Oh I   wish I wouldn’t have when you were in that situation you did what you did and you know   maybe you may have had a reason for it or you know you may have not had other options or it may have   just been a bonehead thing to do but okay so you made one mistake hindsight is 2020 that’s gonna   that mistake is gonna stand out just like the great big letter on the eye chart because you’re   thinking back and you’re looking at it and that’s all you see but encouraging clients to remember   that other people are too busy worrying about themselves to remember what they did jumping   to conclusions encourages clients to remember to get all the data if your significant other male   significant other comes home and is smelling like perfume don’t just jump to the conclusion that he   was cheating on you maybe he went to the mall to get a new tie and walked through the   perfume area and got spritzed or bought you some perfume or who knows maybe the person sitting next   to him at work sprayed her perfume on the desk and some of it filtered on there are all different   reasons that that might happen so encourage people to get all the data mind reading we can’t do it   you know you can’t read somebody’s mind you don’t know what they’re thinking so ask them what you think about this don’t assume anything and emotional reasoning encourages people to step back   from a situation and ask themselves am I feeling anxious about this because I’m feeling anxious and   I’m looking for reasons that it should be scary or am I feeling anxious about this because it’s   really scary for some reason there are facts support my anxiety a lot of times when we go into   new situations we may feel anxious because it’s a new situation but when we step back we say you   know what there’s nothing to be worried about here you know no big deal I got this and   move on so instead of rolling with it and trying to figure out okay I feel anxious so there must   be a reason not necessarily very likely a false alarm other psychological interventions relaxation   skills encourage people to learn how to relax not only physically but mentally diaphragmatic   breathing helps encourage them to breathe through their stomach and put their hand on their   belly and feel their belly expand and contract slows breathing down which triggers the rest and digestion reaction in the brain which is calming meditation can be helpful for some people some   people find trying to quiet their minds too frustrating because they’ve got too much   monkey mind going on that can be later or maybe never for some people we don’t want to increase   their anxiety with interventions cute progressive muscular relaxation also has a lot of research   support and remembers with cute progressive muscular relaxation we’re Sakura getting them   to attach a cue AK you word like relax or breathe with the relaxation response so they tense their   muscles and then relax their muscles and as they relax their muscles they say their “querk”-word   like relaxed and they work from head to toe or from toe to head tensing and relaxing different   muscle groups so they become more aware of what a tense muscle feels like versus a reactive relaxed   muscle there are great scripts that are online that people have already recorded that can walk   people walk clients through CPM are I highly encourage it because once they get used to it   then they can just think that cue they can think relax and as they exhale they will start to feel   their entire body kind of relaxing because it’s trained when it hears that just like when you hear   the word pop quiz when you were in high school you had a stress reaction well we want to use   it in reverse and train the body so that when it hears a cue word relaxes helps them develop   self-esteem because fear of failure and rejection a lot of times come from needing other people’s   approval to help them develop a rational idea of their real self develops compassion self-talk   instead of saying I’m an idiot or I’m stupid or I’ll never measure up to anything encourage them   to talk to themself like they would talk to their child or hopefully their best friend and encourage   them to spotlight strengths whenever they feel like they’ve got an imperfection to identify these   three strengths that they have so they’re you know balancing out the imperfections and the strengths of cognitive restructuring reframes challenges in terms of current strengths, not past weaknesses   so if you’re going to give a presentation in front of 60 people and you hate public speaking instead   of thinking about you know this is terrifying because the last time I went up in front of people   I forgot everything I was going to say and drop my note cards well that’s a past weakness what   is your current strength you’re prepared you know the material you Jabba-dada so encourages people   to look at all the strengths and resources they currently have them develop an attitude of   gratitude and optimism because like I said with that the positive writing exercise when people   are in a grateful optimistic frame of mind they tend to see more of the good stuff they see the   bad stuff too but they can also see more of the good stuff and some of the bad stuff they see   opportunistically instead of as a devastation acceptance and commitment therapy says that some of the reasons that we’re miserable are fear we get fused with our thoughts we think I   am terrified well if I am terrified then I can’t I mean if I am I can’t get rid of anything I am   if I’m having the thought that I’m terrified well I can get rid of a thought I can forget   things easily encourage people to evaluate their experience and empower them to look at things as   challenges and opportunities instead of hardships encourage them not to avoid their experiences so   things that are scary gradual exposure and finding exceptions like for me bridges you   know I love public speaking so that’s not a thing but when I go to a bridge you know when   I Drive to the bridge you know when I’m on the bridge somebody else is driving I get used to   doing that when I Drive over a bridge than when I Drive over one of those bridges that opens up   I hate those bridges um I know y’all are just like oh my gosh yeah it’s an irrational fear I realize   that but instead of going straight for the bridge that opens up going for the little bridges first   and then thinking back over times that I’ve gone over bridges and there’s been no problem you know there are exceptions nothing happened it wasn’t a big deal Sometimes I didn’t even notice it until   somebody pointed out hey look down there at that pretty water and I’m like oh we’re on a bridge so   encourage people to not avoid their experiences get used to them embrace them and learn that they   have the power to deal with them and stop reason giving for behavior you know use the challenging   questions if something is fearsome let’s look for at the evidence for and against it instead   of you know making excuses for social interventions improve their relationship with their self which   goes with self-esteem improvement people are going to feel less anxious about getting their needs and   wants to be met if they know what their needs and wants are so part of that is becoming mindful cuz a lot   of our clients don’t know what they need and want they just want to feel better but they don’t   know how they don’t know what they need to feel better so helping them identify their needs and   wants to encourage them to be their own best friend you know when they get a promotion take themselves   out to dinner pat themselves on the back whatever it is don’t rely onother people to do it because   other people it’s not that they don’t care but other people are often very involved in thinking   about their stuff and they may not notice encourage them to develop a method of internal   validation so they can feel like they are all that ‘no bag of chips and they realize why they   are lovable human beings and they accept the the fact that everybody is not going to like them   and nobody is gonna like them all the time and that’s okay you know my kids don’t like me all   the time my husband doesn’t like me all the time I’m okay with that I know I can be challenging but   you know most of the time you know they like me and that’s okay and there are some people you   know who don’t like me at all and okay there’s nothing I can do about that helping our clients   develop an okayness with that helps relieve a lot of anxiety because a lot of people feel like they   have to be liked by everybody and if somebody doesn’t like them it’s like what did I do wrong   oh my gosh encourage them to develop healthy supportive relationships with good boundaries   develop assertiveness skills so they can ask for help when they need it anxiety a lot of times you   know that’s the body saying there’s a threat well if there’s a threat maybe you need some help you   know dealing with it so people need to be willing and able to ask for help and not feel like that’s   going to lead them to be rejected and allow them a certify this will allow them to say no to requests   again without feeling like that’s going to result in them being fully rejected describe the ideal   healthy supportive relationship and encourage them to separate the ideals from the reals you   know let’s look at if you had the best relationship what would it look like okay you know Warden June   Cleaver we got that now how realistic is that you know let’s look at you know rephrasing this   a little bit so it’s less extreme you know warden June Cleaver never fought their kids were perfect   you know all those extreme words let’s look at what’s real what happens in real relationships encourages people to identify who would be a good partner in supportive relationships   I’m not meaning necessarily romantic I’m meaning friends and where they can be found you know where   would you find people that you could be friends with and encourage them to play through what it means when gaming cuz a lot of times again this goes with my reading you know what it means when your friend doesn’t return your text right away what does it mean when your friend cancels   dinner on Friday night what does it mean when you see where I’m going with this and a lot of   times clients with anxiety and rejection issues and low self-esteem will go to the worst-case   scenario so encourage them to go back to finding the exceptions what else could have been happening   what else could it be that caused this and it’s not about you so anxiety is a natural emotion that   serves a survival function excessive anxiety can develop from lack of sleep nutritional problems   neurochemical imbalances failure to develop adequate coping skills cognitive distortions low   self-esteem and a variety of other stuff recovery Ambala involves improving health behaviors making sure your body’s functioning and making the neurotransmitters it needs and you know release   them as needed to identify and build on current coping strategies address cognitive distortions   and develop a healthy supportive relationship with self and others if you enjoy this podcast please   like and subscribe either in your podcast player or on youtube, you can attend and participate in our live webinars with Dr.  Snipes by subscribing at all CEUs comm slash counselor toolbox, this   episode has been brought to you in part by all CEUs calmly provide 24/7 multimedia continuing   education and pre-certification training to counselors therapists and nurses since 2006 have used coupon code consular toolbox to get a 20% discount on your order this month.As found on YouTubeBrain Booster | Blue Heron Health News ⇝ I was losing my memory, focus – and mind! And then… I got it all back again. Case study: OIP-73 Brian Thompson There’s nothing more terrifying than watching your brain health fail. You can feel it… but you can’t stop it. Over and over I asked myself, where is this going to end? What am I going to end up like? And nobody could tell me. Doesn’t matter now. I’m over it. Completely well. This is how I did it!

Emotional Eating Signs and 7 Tips Cope | Making Peace with Food | Counseling Techniques

This episode was pre-recorded as part of a live continuing education webinar on demand. Ceus are still available for this presentation through all CEUs registered at allies com, counselor toolbox, hi everybody, and welcome to today’s presentation on emotional eating and making peace with food during the next hour.So we’re going to define emotional eating and differentiate it really from eating when to celebrate and when it’s a problem and also differentiate, differentiating it from eating disorders will explore emotional eating in terms of its, beneficial functions and rewards and discuss.Why restrictive diets, don’t resolve emotional eating a lot of times? People will say you know, I have been on this diet forever and it doesn’t seem to be working or I can’t seem to stick to any diet that I try and we’re going to look at different reasons why this might Be what is emotional eating and it’s exactly what it sounds like it:’s eating in response to emotions and feelings other than hunger.So if you’re eating, because you’re bored, if you’re eating at someone and sometimes especially if you are angry at someone or disappointed in someone, you may eat and sort of be eating and thinking you made me do this so eating At someone eating to forget or distract yourself eating, to feel better because when you eat, regardless of what you’re eating, but especially if you eat high sugar high-fat foods, you’re going to release serotonin and dopamine eating out of boredom.You know hand to mouth bang, eating out of habit and, as I said a few minutes ago, not all emotional eaters have an eating disorder um and we want to differentiate that.Does it mean that their eating is not problematic to them? No, not at all.OIP-28If they’re telling you it’s a problem, then it’s a problem.They may not meet the criteria for binge eating disorder or bulimia, but it’s important to address it because they understand that they’re eating for a reason.Other than hunger, they want to stop because they want to eat, for hunger, but not otherwise, and for us as clinicians.The first thing we need to do is understand: why is it that they’re eating? Is it boredom? Is it a habit, so they need to keep a food log or a food journal for over a week or two weeks, and sometimes when people come in for an assessment, especially if that’s one of their main presenting issues? I’ll start by just doing a retrospective of the last three days to get an idea of what may be triggering some of their eating episodes.And then we can look at some of the habits or bad habits, maybe that they’ve gotten into, and start talking about ways to address those remembering that Rome wasn’t built in a day this isn’t going to go away overnight.But a lot of times, if you give people some tips, tricks, and tools to think about implementing when they walk out of your office after the assessment before the first official session, it provides them some hope and gets the momentum going and again you don’t Have to binge to be an emotional eater, some people graze all day long.Some people will eat and it’s not what would be considered technically a binge, but it’s more than they had anticipated.Maybe they go back for second helpings or third helpings when they weren’t hungry, but it was good.So why is eating so soothing? There are a lot of reasons.Now there’s obvious it’s, tastes good, so that’s.You know the big obvious bonus, but thinking about the function eating serves, we have to eat to survive.When you were an infant, it eating involved a closeness with your parental unit, which could release oxytocin, and I say, parental unit because even if it was dad feeding the baby a bottle there was that connection.There was that contact that caused the infant and the parent to release oxytocin. This is our bonding chemical, so eating was associated early on with bonding food may also have been associated with sleep.If the infant or child was given a bottle every night to go to sleep, then they may start thinking or they may be in the habit of eating to wind down or calm down, and we need to help them figure out different ways to do That as a toddler, what eating mean think about when you went from well, we probably don’t, remember that, but think about when your kids went from eating.You know food out of a jar to even their first Cheerios.That was a huge figure out.How to pick up that little cheerio and get it in their mouth and it involved exploration and mastery.They were discovering all different types of textures and tastes and figuring out what smell went with what taste, and it was a cool and exciting time for kids, and I mean think about it.They’re like a year old, so it doesn’t take much to amuse them, but this was the rewarding reward.Equals dopamine equals let’s do that again.It involved power and control of the child.At this point was starting to be able to feed himself or herself and was starting to be able to be somewhat independent of the parent when it came to the basic physiological function of eating. So eating itself had its rewards and it was self-esteem building because the child started learning.You know how to feed yourself and how to ask for what he or she wanted, at least in terms of food.There are formations of memories around foods, even as early as toddlerhood.You know we have celebrations, we have birthdays, we have different things and most children have certain foods that they like, and it could be because the first time that ate that food was a really happy experience or it could be just that’s, their favorite Food and that’s all they want to eat, but they remember that food and they remember when they ate it, they felt good.They felt happy so as an adult there,’s a part of their brain going chicken nuggets.Make me happy now that’s, how the toddler thought as an adult.We can understand that chicken nuggets themselves, aren’t making you happy, but you see the connections that we’re making.Here there’s been an association between happiness and chicken nuggets unhealthy foods, especially for children when, as adults, we’re still able to control what they eat.Your sugary foods and your unhealthy foods are usually reserved for treats or rewards.So when you’re feeling like you need to be rewarded when you’re feeling like you want to feel good, sometimes you’ll resort to those things. When you were a kid that made, you feel good like chocolate, chip, cookies, Haagen Dazs, or whatever it was for you.We’ve talked in the past, about associations and conditioning, and this is all coming back kind of full circle now because we need to understand that our brain has associated pleasure and reward with food for a lot of different reasons.Not just because of nourishment looking at the reasons why your patient eats is going to help you understand what underlying issues you may need to address in treatment.Culturally, we associate eating with caring and celebration and think about birthdays and holidays.What do we get together? We have buffets, we have pot Luck,’s.When someone passes away.What do you bring food over when somebody’s sick? What do you bring food over to in our culture? There is a lot of emphasis put on eating and nourishing, and that’s, true of a lot of different cultures.Low blood sugar can cause feelings of depression and anxiety which are quelled by food.So if somebody typically doesn’t eat well during the day, you know they go long periods without eating or if they have blood sugar issues, to begin with, and then they eat they feel better.So when they start feeling not so good, what do you think their first reaction is, let me eat and see if that helps evolution, predisposes the human body to crave high sugar, high fat, high-calorie foods for quick energy and to prepare for a famine. Our bodies are cool and frustrating at the same time because you know your body takes in this these foods and it says we’re going to secrete, the most amount of dopamine and the most amount of reward for these high-calorie foods because We want to make sure we’re prepared in case there’s a famine back.You know in the day many many many years ago, hundreds of years ago we couldn’t guarantee.We would have a meal every day, let alone three meals every day.So the body prepared – and it said alright – we need to get whatever we can when we can.So we’re going to make this higher fat higher calorie food more rewarding.Now I said it:’s also can be a blessing and a curse.Today, there’s still a little part of our primordial brain.That says, if it thinks there’s a famine, it will slow down your base metabolic rate, which causes people to gain weight.We see this a lot in people with eating disorders, who tend to not take in very many calories, or if they take them in they purge them.So the body goes well. I can’t guarantee I’m gon to get enough food.I’m going to get enough energy to survive.So I’m just going to turn down the thermostat a little bit and turn down the base metabolic rate, which compounds the problem for the person with the eating disorder.So it’s important to understand that the brain is somewhat active in what’s going on.So I keep saying we need to figure out what’s behind or underlying the craving.First, we need to rule out physical causes for some people.It’s as simple as this.If they’ve got low blood sugar because they’re not eating too often and obviously as counselors, we’re not going to diagnose this their doctor or their nutritionist will, but we can start exploring and go.It sounds like you might need to look at having your blood sugar checked or talk to your doctor about how frequently you need to eat because some people – and I know I’m – are very guilty of it.If I get into it into a groove doing something I’ll eat breakfast and then I’ll get into a groove and before I know it, it’s 3 00 in the afternoon and I haven’t eaten for like a whole bunch of Hours I’m not doing math today and my blood Sugar’s low and I’m starting to get foggy, headed and irritable and tired. So it’s a real, simple fix there in our society we are so driven and we are so.We get so caught up in things because that’s such a fast pace that it’s easy to forget to eat or is easy to avoid eating so that’s.The first thing we want to rule out.Are you eating in response to low blood sugar, which is making eating, seem more rewarding when you eat in response to low blood sugar a lot of times, people who do that end up eating more than they normally would because they start eating fast.It’s like I’m going to shovel, in as much as I can.Your brain doesn’t register you’re eating for 20 minutes or so so, before their brain, even registers.What’s gone on and gets the blood sugar back up? They’ve already eaten a whole ton of food.Why is this under-emotional eating? Well because generally, when they go in to just start eating, yes, they’re hungry, but they’re, also cranky and irritable, and most of the time they’re.Not thinking about I’m eating for the nourishment it’s, I’m eating, feel better lack of sleep, and this is so true for shift workers as well.As you know, new parents and college students, and anybody who’s not getting enough sleep. If we are surviving on sugar and stimulants, we’re going Peak and Lower Valley, Peak, and Lower Valley, and you just keep going up and down until you just crash, because every time you crash you crash a little bit lower.So if somebody’s on that roller coaster, they’re going to feel worse between you know: eating episodes they’re going to feel tired.They’re going to feel a flood of sluggish irritable fatigued and, to a certain extent, maybe depression, and they may be missing attribute those feeling, those emotional feelings to emotions versus physical causes, and likewise we also want to make sure that you know we’re addressing The emotional causes because there’s probably stuff there too, but if they’re not getting enough sleep and they’re living on sugar and stimulants their body is kind of in a state of hyper-vigilance, a lot of times it’s exhausted.So they’re going to be tired and cranky.So those are a couple of things that we want to look at.Those are relatively easy fixes or at least relatively easy things to point out and go let’s think about this.One of the things that I suggest for a lot of my clients is just to take a week and mindfully and it is difficult but try to eat healthfully.You know try to eat a few times a day.You know try to eat like three meals a day and get enough water and try to get enough sleep and try not to overdo it.On the stimulants at the, beginning I, 39, am not going to say cut out anything because that 39, is not, realistic and it’s not fair, and they 39, are probably already struggling if they’re coming in to see me, so if I go hey Let’s just turn your world upside down and guess what you’re not going to drink any caffeine anymore. It’s not going to create a happy person, so I asked them to try to make some small changes and see if that starts, to help dehydration causes fogginess and symptoms of depressionWe want to make sure that they rule that out and too many stimulantsAlso causes dehydration, so you know we’re looking at some of the physical causes of irritability and fatigue and cravings because again we’re going back to when I felt this way before not looking at it.Why I felt this way.But when I felt irritable depressed cranky, what made me feel better and generally food, and generally it’s, not good food.For me, it’s M Ms.I love my M Ms, especially the ones with almonds, but I digress.Nutritional causes of cravings, high carbohydrate, and high starch foods caused a greater release of serotonin and endorphins.So if you’ve got somebody who’s depressed for whatever reason that they may crave these kinds of foods to increase their serotonin level or increase the endorphins, their energy levels, chocolate people who crave chocolate may be low in magnesium.It also um the level of magnesium affects how much serotonin is available again. Just I keep saying this just for legal reasons.We want to make sure their doctor or nutritionist goes in and makes this diagnosis, but if there are particular foods that they do crave, they need to bring that up with their medical provider if they’re craving fatty foods.Now again, fatty foods are just good.I love fried foods, but it also could mean that they’re not getting enough Omega threes, Americans, typically don’t and interestingly, if they crave soda, they may be calcium deficient, who knew so?These are things to take a look at to ask people.You know if they’re craving soda, maybe cutting back on their soda a little bit and seeing what happens and or getting blood work done.R-1Once we’ve ruled out the obvious physical causes.They’ve gone to the doctor.Gotten blood work done everything I’m coming back happy.They’re getting enough sleep, but they’re still eating when they’re, not hungry, we need to rule out habits. Is there a particular time or activity that makes you crave this food? When I was growing up, I would go to the grocery store with my mother, and on the way back home from the grocery store.She would always we would always get junk food and she would get a bag of chips and put them in the front seat.It was like a 20-minute drive from the grocery store to our house and by the time we would get back to the house.We would have put a good dent in those potato chips.That being said, I got into the habit of whenever I went to the grocery store.I would get something out of the bag and put it in the front seat and eat on the way home.Now am I paying attention to what I’m eating? No likely am I eating, because I was hungry, probably not so.We want to look at habits.A lot of people will eat when they are watching TV.It’s a huge one. So we want to not do that or if you’re going to eat when you’re watching TV make sure you sit at the table.At least that makes you a little bit more mindful so think about whether are there particular times or activities that you eat and you’re just not hungry.Are there particular times that you mindlessly eat, like, like, I said when you’re driving or when you’re watching television? Those are both habits and can be mindless because you’re not paying attention to how much is going in your mouth.You’re not probably paying attention to the taste and you’re not paying attention to whether you’re full or not.So if you’re mindlessly eating, then there’s going to be a lot more calorie consumption.In addition to the fact that you’re not eating because you’re hungry, you’re just eating to eat, are you going too long between meals than needing a sugar boost which leads to a sugar crash? So again that’s a physical cause? But we want to rule it out.These are bad habits that we can tend to get into other things that can be construed as bad habits are eating without putting food on a plate.If you eat straight out of the bag, you’re going to eat.More than if you put it on a plate, so put it on a plate, sit down, try not to watch TV, all the things that your grandmother would have told you.So what do we do about it? Emotional eating interventions? I talked earlier about the food diary. Do a retrospective during the assessment if they want to get a jumpstart on things, but have them keep a food diary, preferably for the duration of treatment, but at least for a week.What time did they eat? Were they craving just any old food or something salty, something that was sweet, something that was sour? This will give you a general idea and can give their medical provider a general idea if there are any nutritional imbalances or if there are particular associations.What emotion or state were you in, I say state because being exhausted is not necessarily really an emotion.Were you happy sad, mad glad exhausted drained whatever state feels like it would work, and then, because of why were you feeling this way it doesn’t have to be a dissertation? It can be short and sweet, but I encourage clients to write down everything.They eat before they eat it during the first week, or you know, like I said, preferably throughout the entire course of treatment why, before they eat it because it’s a stop, remember we’ve talked before about how we have an urge.We have a craving, we have an urge and then we engage in the behavior oftentimes without stopping mindfully.Think is this what we want to do this provides that stop.It says: okay, I’ve got it to write down the time, and then I’ve got to think about why I’m eating, and honestly a lot of clients notice, a reduction and their habit of eating when they have to do this, just because they don’t want to record-keeping that up for a month or two months helps break some of the habits, eating that they might do like.I said before when they’re eating, I encourage them to use a plate.Sit down. Don’t walk around don’t stand at the counter, eliminate distractions as much as possible and focus on the food you’re eating that goes with mindfully eating.What does it taste like? Is it good to take small bites when my son was young, I think I’ve shared this before he had gastric reflux and we would sit down at the table and I would shovel in food as fast as I could get it in my mouth because He couldn’t be put down for too long before he would start to get fussy, at least until we figured out that he had gastric reflux and Zantac was just a lifesaver.I developed that habit when he was little and I kept it up for a while.It took a while to learn for me to learn to go back to take.You know reasonable bites and tasting my food, and even today, if I’m not paying attention too much, I’ll eat my dinner fast and then I’ll sit there and I’ll be like well.Yes, I’ll taste that a little bit later, because I didn’t taste it when I ate it encourage clients to be aware of their eating habits, and try to avoid setting up a binge by restricting certain foods.Now.Does that mean you have to have cakes and candy and whatever your trigger foods are in your house all the time and in your face? No, I would encourage people not to do that, but to say you know, I said for me M Ms, is one of my favorite reward foods.If you will, I don’t keep them in the house, but I will allow myself occasionally to buy a small snack-size pack of M Ms, when I’m out or I will get a regular-size pack and I’ll share it with my daughter, so I’m not restricting it.I’m not saying I can never M. Ms again, I’m just not making it available to myself when I might have some unrestricted time, try to avoid buying a bunch of comfort foods and keeping them around the house, and when you’ve got kids when you’ve got family, it’s not entirely possible, usually to not have some of that stuff around but try to avoid having the things that you particularly used for comfort, because if it’s not readily available, then you’ve got to focus on guess what dealing with the emotions.Instead of stuffing them with food, try not to go too long without eating.Like I said earlier, if you go too long, then by the time you get to the food, your blood, Sugar,’s low and you’re just shoveling it as fast as you can initially distract.If you know that you’re getting you’re eating and you’re, like I’m – really not hungry, but I want to eat, take a bath, take a walk, call a friend, heaven forbid get on Facebook.Whatever it is, you can do to distract yourself for 10 or 15 minutes if, after 10 or 15 minutes, you’re still going, I want whatever it is, then you can decide what to do about it.Then, most of the time when people stop and go, I’m not hungry.Let me distract myself.They get caught up in that distraction and before they know it, they’ve forgotten about the craving, and identify the emotions.If you know that you’re not hungry, but you want to eat, then say: okay, what’s going on what’s going on with me? It doesn’t mean that the person is never going to eat when, when they’re upset, because a lot of people do, and is it the end of the world, probably not necessary if they can start reducing the frequency of times that they eat.In response to emotional distress that’s, what we want, we want to progress, not perfect if it’s, depression, what’s causing them to feel hopeless or helpless right now, if it’s, stress, anxiety, or anger, remember our big kind of lump together stuff. What are they stressing out about? Do they feel like they’re overwhelmed? Are they afraid of failure, rejection, and loss of control of the unknown? We’ve gone through those things.We want them to identify what’s going on with them, and then they can make better choices about how to deal with it.So general coping helps them develop, alternate ways of coping with distress.Distract we’ve, already kind of gone over that one.I encourage people – and you know it’s – one of those DBT things – that a lot of therapists encourage their clients to keep a list of things.They can do to distract themselves because it’s not always practical to get up and go on a walk.If you’re at work or it’s, you know two in the morning.So what else can you do to distract yourself? Talk it out with a friend with yourself with your dog? Sometimes you just got to get it out.People who are more auditory will prefer talking it out as opposed to journaling it now.If they talk it out with themselves, they can record it if they want to, or sometimes it’s just better to have a dialogue with themself. If it worked for Freud, it can work for other people journaling.If your clients are inclined to journal, encourage them to write it down.Sometimes just getting stuff out of your head and onto paper will help the feelings dissipate a little bit.So you’re not mulling them over and obsessing over them and getting stuck in those thoughts and feelings.Additionally, while you’re distracted talking it out or journaling, this is also your break.Your stop between the urge and the behavior make a pro and con list of the de-stress, not the eating whatever it is, that’s stressing you out and how can you fix it or what are the pros of this situation and what are the downsides To this situation, encourage them to focus on the positive.You know.If something stressing you out at work, you know you’ve got a big meeting coming up or something you don’t want to do or what it is.You can get stuck on focusing on that or you can focus on the positive that you do have a job.That meeting only comes around once a month. You can it’s time you don’t have to be doing paperwork whatever the pros are for that person encourage them to focus on the positive.If you’re distressed because of some kind of a failure or perceived failure, figure out what you learned from it, whether it was a relationship failure, or maybe you learned what not to do in a relationship anymore. Maybe you learned things that you may have ignored.Maybe you learned what you should have done instead, but how can it be a learning opportunity, instead of somewhere to stay stuck and finally, if something’s making you upset if something’s causing anxiety, depression, hopelessness, helplessness, whatever the negative feeling figure out.If it’s worth your energy to get stuck here, is it worth the turmoil? Is it worth you know having to pacify yourself with food or whatever? It is a lot of times people say you know what now it’s, just it’s, not even worth my effort.It’s not worth moving me away from my goals, because my goal is to stop emotional eating.My goal is to eat for hunger, so I can go to dinner with people and feel comfortable.I can be at a party where there’s a buffet and not feel stressed out that I’m going to go and eat half the stuff on the buffet that’s my goal so is holding on to whatever this de-stress is getting me Closer to being able to do those things and generally the answer:’s no develop alternate ways of coping with the stress the ABCs, the a is the activating event.What is stressing you out and what’s causing the de-stress C is the emotional reaction.Angry depressed stressed, whatever be: are your behaviors? What behaviors or B are your beliefs? Sorry, what are the beliefs that are in there that may need to be addressed? What kind of things are you telling yourself, and, and how can you counter them? Cognitively eliminate your vulnerabilities.You knew we couldn’t get through a presentation without talking about vulnerabilities. If someone is well-rested.Well, the fed has a good social support network, not stretch timewise.Then it will be easier to deal with stress or stressors when they come your way.You’ll have more energy to deal with it, so there won’t be this overwhelming feeling of I just want to bury my head in a jar of peanut butter, be compassionate with yourself.Some days, you know you’re, just going to feel anxious.You’re going to feel depressed.You’re going to get angry.You can beat yourself up over it and you know a lot of people do.Is that the best use of your energy or can you be compassionate? Can you learn from it? Can you give yourself a break and go? You know what I’m having a bad day today and that’s okay, I’m not going to unpack and stay here, but I’m not going to fight.It either helps clients learn how to urge surf help. They understand that, just like a panic attack just like a wave just like a lot of other things in life, it will come, it will crest and it will go out again, so they can sort of identify where they are on the energy of that Urge other tools people can use close the kitchen once I have the kitchen cleaned and you know all the dishes are done and it looks pretty.I hate going in there and finding dishes in the sink again now I’ve got teenagers, so we always have dishes in the sink.But before I had children, you know at seven o’clock.I finished all the dishes and closed the kitchen, and that would be enough motivation for me to not go in there and at least not use plates and stuff to eat.So if we’re saying that we’re going to only eat using utensils plates and sitting and all that stuff that we already talked about, then once you close the kitchen, you’re not going back in, there turn off the light.That also helps so you’re not being attracted to the pretty lights, and you know all the goodies that are in the kitchen to brush your teeth.This is something my grandmother used to do and it works.There’s some research behind it.Minty flavors reduce our appetite.So if you brush your teeth, you get all the other flavors out of your mouth and it reduces your urges to eat because it again it’s clean and fresh. And do you really want to brush your teeth again, and meditate, sometimes just getting in a space where you’re, not obsessing about anything, can help people get past that urge to self-soothe by eating a CT for emotional eating.What am I feeling or thinking about what’s going on with me right now? What is important to me? So if I am thinking I want to eat, I want to you know just dive into this jar of peanut butter, and then I think about what’s important to me.Is it important to me to get control of this? Is it important to me to you know, be able to fit into my clothes in six months or not? So what is it in? What way is controlling my eating habits and eliminating emotional eating important to me, and how does that get me closer to other things that are important to me, and what other things could I do? That would get me closer to my goals.So if the goal is to have improved relationships, be able to feel more comfortable around food reduce the stress around going out to eat, and just around food in general, what else can you do when you are stressed out? Somebody also suggested that adding a blue light in the refrigerator decreases the appeal of foods, which is interesting because yellow red and orange, and browns, I think Pizza Hut – are all foods that increase people’s, hunger and desire to eat.But blue is just a completely different primary color, and adding a blue hue seems like that would be effective, so cool thanks for that.Little tidbit there holiday help, and you know we’re coming into the holidays.So I’ve got to bring that up at every single glass and choose lower-calorie foods.If you tend to get stressed out or caught up or mindlessly eat when you are at family gatherings.Okay, you know cut yourself a break, know that that’s, probably going to happen, and fill up on the lower-calorie foods.The carrot sticks the broccoli, the white meat, turkey, anything that’s available, that’s, not like sweet potato pie or brownies, keep water or low-calorie beverage. In your hand, if you’ve got your hand full, you can’t eat at the same time.So you know if you walk around with a cup in your hand, it helps talk to people.Hopefully, you don’t talk with your mouth open or talk with food in your mouth.So if you’re talking to people, you’re not going to be as inclined to go and get something to eat because you’re wanting to stay engaged in that conversation.Stay away from the buffet, especially if you know that it could get stressful, or maybe you know for me, I turn into a pumpkin at like 7 30 at night.I get up at 4 00, but I turn into a pumpkin at 7, 30 and a lot of times holiday parties and those sorts of things are at eight, nine, o’clock at night, and you know I’ve already turned into a pumpkin.So I know that if I go to those I’m going to be more likely to eat just to kind of stay away because I’m tired and it’s a bad habit.It’s not because I’m hungry.So I know I need to stay away from the buffet during those times we rehearse refusal skills.If somebody says. Oh, you, I’ve got to try it by two.This figure out how you’re going to address that ahead of time, because there’s generally probably a lot of really good foods, and you may really want to taste some, but sometimes people who emotionally eat know if they start eating.If they start eating high-fat high calorie foods, they’re going to want to eat everything.So if I start with one bite of a brownie, I’m going to want to eat every suit that’s on the table.If they know that, then they may want to choose to not even go down that road at that juncture, encourage people to stay mindful of their distress meter before they go back for another helping and ask themselves, am I hungry? Am I just wanting to taste what’s here and how do I feel about that? Or am I eating just because I don’t want to be here and I’m bored and I want to fill the time? Have people keep an index card with their coping mantra and two reasons they don’t want to emotionally eat, so I need to be here.I can do this whatever the mantra is that’s going to get them through the night, whatever they’re.Telling themselves that it’s going to help them plow through and make the right choices, but also two reasons that they don’t want to eat, or they’re going to get around it.Maybe they’ve got something at home that they can eat when they get home eating before they go to.The party may also help prevent some grazing holidays, bringing out a lot of emotions in people.Some people struggle with depression, anxiety, jealousy, grief, and anger. You know the whole gamut during this time and during this time there’s food everywhere I mean starting at Halloween when your kids bring home the Halloween candy, which usually lasts about a week in our house baby.Oh, Halloween candy followed by getting ready for Thanksgiving, followed by doing all the baking or whatever you do, and the holiday parties coming up on the December holiday season.There’s just food everywhere, so it’s really easy to cope.If you will, with stress being overwhelmed with being tired by not eating enough healthy food by binging on unhealthy and soothing food if you will so it’s, encouraged it’s important to encourage people to stay.Mindful of why they’re eating what they’re eating, when constantly bombarded with high-fat high carbohydrate foods, people are tempted to eat to feel calm yeah.I challenge anybody to say that they’ve never eaten and go okay.You know I’m.Just focused on this right now I’m not thinking about everything out here and it feels good um.I’m good now, good, probably not the word I should use, but it does help people distract themselves sometimes when they eat, especially those high-intensity foods.You feel happier serotonins are released. Dopamine is released.You’re, like oh, that’s good.I want to do that again or you just feel numb.You can get into a zone where you’re just eating and not caring about it’s.Not that you’re feeling calm, you’re just not feeling anything, and a lot of times when people get into that zone.They’re not tasting the food either.They’re just kind of on autopilot for emotional eating, like most other escape behaviors.Never addresses the underlying emotions and their causes, so we need to look at them.Are you feeling anxious? Are you feeling jittery? Are you feeling depressed because your blood Sugar’s low, because you’re nutritionally deficient because you’re not getting enough sleep or because there’s something cognitive going on, or all of the above emotional eating, often results in physical issues like weight gain Poor sleep and reduced energy weight gain, are you know in and of itself a few pounds here and they’re not a big deal, but some people can start emotionally eating to feel better.They gained a lot of weight. Then they start feeling less energetic.It starts being harder to move around.They get to the point where they are clinically obese.Then they’re going.I’m never going to take all this weight off.They feel hopeless and helpless.You see where this is going, so they eat some more.Can cause poor sleep apnea, it’s hard to get it’s also hard to get comfortable.Sometimes, if you’ve eaten a whole bunch of food right before you go to bed, you know your bellies are all full, and little you wake up.The next morning and your belly are still awful, which means you probably didn’t, sleep very well the night before and emotional eating often results in reduced energy because the foods we binge on the foods we eat for self-soothing often end up causing a sugar Crash some people try to undo emotional eating by restricting other calories which can lead to nutritional deficits and more cravings. I had a girlfriend when I was in high school and you know think back to I don’t know if they still do it, but when we were in high school there was always some kind of candy sale going on and she would always forgo all Other food, so she could have two chocolate bars each day and you know we’re not going to get into the all the other issues surrounding only eating two chocolate bars.But the point I’m making it right now is the fact she wasn’t getting protein.She wasn’t getting it.You know most of her vitamins and minerals and stuff that her body needed to make the neurotransmitter.So she could feel happy and she was contributing to a sugar crash, but I also know that it’s common around the holidays for people to do this.They’ll let go all day without eating because they know they’re going to a party tonight and there’s going to be a lot of really good food doing that once in a while.Not a big deal doing that 10 or 15 times in a month could start to have problems.Emotional eaters need to first find a way to stop before they eat, so, whether it’s writing in a journal or adding.There are a lot of apps on your phone that you can put your food in, even if you’re, not writing about your emotions and your cravings and all that kind of stuff.Sometimes it’s enough to make people stop before they reach. For the food – or you know, kind of an extreme way to go is to not keep pre-processed or prepackaged foods in the house.So anything that you’re going to eat you’ve got to make second identify the underlying reason for your eating figure out.Do I generally eat in response to and then address the thoughts and emotions leading to the urges?So if you figure out the underlying emotions for your eating or your depression, then what thoughts are maintaining that depression? And how can you address it once you address the underlying issues, some of the emotional eating will go away, but some of its habits?We’re going to have to break that habit and, throughout you know, the past couple of decades of working with people.My experience has been the majority of the time people don’t want to hear.Well, once you deal with your emotional issues, the emotional eating will go away now.They’re there because they want to stop that behavior right now.So, yes, we need to work on all the underlying issues but give them a tip or a trick or a tool whatever you want to call it to use before they walk out of your office after every single session.That way, they have something else they can put in their toolbox and feel more empowered to have control over what’s going on with them. And what’s coming their way, having the knowledge of what and why is 80 of helping them get to the recovery point now, if there’s co-occurring or if the eating issues are more than just emotional eating, if there’s, the person meets The criteria for binge eating disorder, bulimia or anorexia.There are a lot of other underlying issues they’re going to have to be dealt with.So I don’t want to trivialize that, but I do want people to feel like they’ve got some hope over what’s going on.Are there any questions? If you enjoy this podcast, please like and subscribe either in your podcast player or on YouTube, you can attend and participate in our live webinars with doctor Snipes by subscribing at all CEUs comm slash counselor toolbox.This episode has been brought to you in part by all CEUs com providing 24 7 multimedia, continuing education, and pre-certification; training to counselors therapists, and nurses, since 2006 use coupon code consular toolbox to get a 20 discount off your order.This month,As found on YouTubeAnimated Video Maker – Create Amazing Explainer Videos | VidToon™ #1 Top Video Animation Software To Make Explainer, Marketing, Animated Videos Online It’s EASIER, PRODUCTIVE, FASTER Get Commercial Rights INCLUDED when you act NOW Get Vidtoon™

Emotional Eating Signs and 7 Tips Cope | Making Peace with Food | Counseling Techniques

this episode was pre-recorded as part of a live continuing   education webinar on-demand CEUs are still available for this presentation   through all CEUs register at allceus.com/counselortoolbox hi everybody and welcome to today’s presentation on emotional eating making peace with food during   the next hour so we’re going to define emotional eating and differentiate it really from eating   when to celebrate and when it’s a problem and also differentiate differentiating it from   eating disorders will explore emotional eating in terms of its beneficial functions and rewards and   discuss why restrictive diets don’t resolve emotional eating a lot of times people will   say you know I have been on this diet forever and it doesn’t seem to be working or I can’t seem   to stick to any diet that I try and we’re going to look at different reasons why this might be   what is emotional eating and it’s exactly what it sounds like it’s eating in response to emotions   and feelings other than hunger so if you’re eating because you’re bored if you’re eating at someone   and sometimes, especially if you are angry at someone or disappointed in someone you may   eat and sort of be eating and thinking you made I do this so eating at someone eating to forget   or distract myself from eating to feel better because when you eat regardless of what you’re eating but   especially if you eat high-sugar high-fat foods you’re going to release serotonin and dopamine   eating out of boredom you know hand-to-mouth bang eating out of habit and like I said a few minutes   ago not all emotional eaters have an eating disorder um and we want to differentiate that it means that their eating is not problematic to them no not at all if they’re telling you   it’s a problem then it’s a problem they may not meet the criteria for binge eating disorder or   bulimia but it’s important to address it because they understand that they’re eating for a reason   other than hunger and they want to stop because they want to eat for hunger but not otherwise and   for us as clinicians the first thing we need to do is understand why is it that they’re eating is   it boredom is it a habit so they need to keep a food log or a food journal over a week or   two weeks and sometimes when people come in for an assessment especially if that’s one of their main   presenting issues I’ll start just doing a retrospective of the last three days to get   an idea of what may be triggering some of their eating episodes and then we can look at some of   the habits or bad habits may be that they’ve gotten into and start talking about ways to address those remember that Rome wasn’t built in a day this isn’t going to go away overnight but a lot   of times if you give people some tips tricks and tools to think about implementing when they walk   out of your office after the assessment before the first official session it provides them some hope   and gets the momentum going and again you don’t have to binge to be an emotional eater some people   graze all day long some people will eat and it’s not what would be considered technically a binge   but it’s more than they had anticipated maybe they go back for second helpings or third helpings when   they weren’t hungry but it was good so why is eating so soothing there are a lot of reasons   now there’s obvious it tastes good so that’s you know the big obvious bonus but thinking about   the function the eating serves we have to eat in order to survive when you were an infant it eating   involved a closeness with your parental unit which could release oxytocin I say parental   unit because even if it was dad feeding the baby a bottle there was that connection there was that   contact which caused the infant and the parent to release oxytocin this is our bonding chemical so   eating was associated early on with bonding food may also have been associated with sleep if the   infant or child was given a bottle every night to go to sleep then they may start thinking or they   may be in the habit of eating to wind down or calm down and we need to help them figure   out different ways to do that as a toddler what an eating means to think about when you went from well we   probably don’t remember that but think about when your kids went from eating you know food   out of a jar to even their first Cheerios that was huge figuring out how to pick up that little   cheerio and get it in their mouth and it involved exploration and mastery they were discovering   all different types of textures and tastes and figuring out what smell went with what taste and   it was a cool and exciting time for kids and I mean think about it they’re like a year old   so it doesn’t take much to amuse them but this was the rewarding reward equals dopamine equals let’s do   that again it involved power and control of the child at this point was starting to be able to feed him   or herself was starting to be able to be somewhat independent from the parent when it came to the basic physiological function of eating so eating itself had its rewards and it was self-esteem   building because the child started learning you know how to feed himself and how to ask for what   he or she wanted at least in terms of food there are formations of memories around foods even as   early as toddlerhood you know we have celebrations we have birthdays we have different things and most   children have certain foods that they really like and it could be because the first time   that ate that food was a really happy experience or it could be just that’s their favorite food   and that’s all they want to eat but they remember that food and they remember when they ate it they   felt good they felt happy so as an adult there’s a part of their brain going chicken nuggets make me happy now that’s how the toddler thought as an adult we can understand that chicken   nuggets themselves aren’t making you happy but you see the connections that we’re making here there’s   been an association between happiness and chicken nuggets unhealthy foods especially for children   when as adults we’re still able to control what they eat your sugary foods your unhealthy foods   are usually reserved for treats or rewards so when you’re feeling like you need to be rewarded   when you’re feeling like you want to feel good sometimes you’ll resort to those things when you   were a kid that made you feel good like chocolate chip cookies or Haagen-Dazs or whatever it was for   you we’ve talked in the past about associations and conditioning and this is all coming back kind   of full circle now because we need to understand that our brain has associated pleasure and reward   with food for a lot of different reasons not just because of nourishment looking at the reasons why   your patient eats is going to help you understand what underlying issues you may need to address in treatment culturally we associate eating with caring and celebrating think about birthdays and holidays what do we do we get together we have buffets we have pot Luck’s when someone passes   away what do you do you bring food over when somebody’s sick what do you bring food   over so in our culture there is a lot of emphases put on eating and nourishing and that’s true of a   lot of different cultures with low blood sugar can cause feelings of depression and anxiety which   are quelled by food so if somebody typically doesn’t eat well during the day you know they   go long periods without eating or if they have blood sugar issues to begin with and then they   eat they feel better so when they start feeling not so good what do you think their first reaction   is let me eat and see if that helps evolution predisposes the human body to crave high sugar high-fat high calorie foods for quick energy and to prepare for a famine our bodies are cool   and frustrated at the same time because you know your body takes in these foods and   it says we’re gonna secrete the most amount of dopamine and the most amount of reward for these high-calorie foods because we want to make sure we’re prepared in case there’s a famine back   you know in the day many many many years ago hundreds of years ago we couldn’t guarantee we   would have a meal every day let alone three meals every day so the body prepared and it   said alright we need to get whatever we can when we can so we’re going to make this a higher fat   higher calorie food more rewarding now I said it’s also can be a blessing and a curse today   there’s still a little part of our primordial a brain that says if it thinks there’s a famine   it will slow down your base metabolic rate which causes people to gain weight we see this a lot   in people with eating disorders who tend to not take in very many calories or if they take them   in they purge them so the body goes well I can’t guarantee I’m gonna get enough food I’m gonna get   enough energy to survive so I’m just gonna turn down the thermostat a little bit to turn down the   base metabolic rate which compounds the problem for the person with an eating disorder so it’s   important to understand that the brain is somewhat active to what’s going on so I keep saying we   need to figure out what’s behind or underlying the craving first we need to rule out physical   causes for some people it’s as simple as this if they’ve got low blood sugar because they’re not   eating too often and obviously as counselors we’re not going to diagnose this their doctor or their   nutritionist will but we can start exploring and go it sounds like you might need to look at having   your blood sugar checked or talk to your doctor about how frequently you need to eat because some   people and I know I’m very guilty of it if I get into it into a groove doing something I’ll   eat breakfast and then I’ll get into a groove and before I know it it’s 3:00 in the afternoon and I   haven’t eaten for like a whole bunch of hours I’m not doing math today and my blood Sugar’s low and   I’m starting to get foggy-headed and irritable and tired so it’s a real simple fix there in   our society we are so driven and we are so we get so caught up in things because that’s such a fast   pace that it’s easy to forget to eat or easy to avoid eating so that’s the first thing we want to   rule out are you eating in response to low blood sugar which is making eating seem more rewarding   and when you eat in response to low blood sugar a lot of times people who do that end up eating   more than they normally would because they start eating fast it’s like I’m gonna shovel in   as much as I can your brain doesn’t register you’re eating for 20 minutes or so so before your brain even registers what’s gone on and gets the blood sugar back up they’ve already eaten a   whole ton of food why is this under emotional eating well because generally when they go in   to just start eating yes they’re hungry but they’re also cranky and irritable and most   of the time they’re not thinking about what I’m eating for the nourishment it’s I’m eating feel better after lack   of sleep and this is so true for shift workers as well as you know new parents and college students   and anybody who’s not getting enough sleep if we are surviving on sugar and stimulants we’re going   Peak and Lower Valley Peak and Lower Valley and you just keep going up and down until you just   crash because every time you crash you crash a a little bit lower so if somebody’s on that roller   coaster they’re going to feel worse between you know eating episodes they’re going to feel tired   they’re going to feel a flood of sluggish irritable fatigued and to a certain extent maybe depressed   and they may be missing attributing those feeling those emotional feelings to emotions versus   physical causes and likewise we also want to make sure that you know we’re addressing the emotional   causes because there’s probably stuff there too but if they’re not getting enough sleep   and they’re living on sugar and stimulants their the body is kind of in a state of hyper-vigilance a   lot of times it’s exhausted so they’re going to be tired and cranky so those are a couple of things that we want to look at those are relatively easy fixes or at least relatively easy   things to point out and go let’s think about this one of the things that I suggest for a lot of my   clients is just to take a week and mindfully and it is difficult but try to eat healthfully you know   try to eat a few times a day you know try to eat like three meals a day and getting enough water and trying to get enough sleep and try not to overdo it on the stimulants at the beginning I’m not   going to say cut out anything because that’s not realistic and it’s not fair and they’re probably   already struggling if they’re coming in to see me so if I go hey let’s just turn your world upside   down and guess what you’re not going to drink any caffeine anymore it’s not going to create a happy   person so I asked them to try to make some small changes and see if that starts to help dehydration   causes fogginess and symptoms of depression we want to make sure that they rule that out and   too many stimulants also causes dehydration so you know we’re looking at some of the physical causes   of irritability and fatigue and cravings because again we’re going back to when I felt this way   before not looking at why I felt this way but when I felt irritable depressed cranky what has made me   feel better and generally food and generally it’s not good food for me it’s M&Ms I love my M&Ms, especially the ones with almonds but I digress nutritional causes of cravings high carbohydrate   and high starch foods caused a greater release of serotonin and endorphins so if you’ve got   somebody who’s depressed for whatever reason that they may crave these kinds of foods to increase their serotonin level or increase the endorphins in their energy levels chocolate people   who crave chocolate may be low in magnesium it also um the level of magnesium affects how   much serotonin is available again just keep saying this just for legal reasons we want to   make sure their doctor or nutritionist goes in and makes this diagnosis but if there are particular   foods that they do crave it’s important for them to bring that up with their medical provider if   they’re craving fatty foods now again fatty foods are just good I love fried foods but it also could   mean that they’re not getting enough Omega threes Americans typically don’t and interestingly if   they crave soda they may be calcium deficient who knew so these are things to take a look   at to ask people you know if they’re craving soda maybe cutting back on their soda a little bit and   see what happens and or getting blood work done once we’ve ruled out the obvious physical causes   they’ve gone to the doctor gotten blood work done everything I’m comes back happy they’re getting   enough sleep but they’re still eating when they’re not hungry we need to rule out habits is there a   particular time or activity that makes you crave this food when I was growing up I would go to the   grocery store with my mother and on the way back home from the grocery store she would always we   would always get junk food and she would get a bag of chips and put them in the front seat it   was like a 20-minute drive from the grocery store to our house and by the time we would get back to   the house we would have put a good dent in those potato chips that being said I got into the habit   of whenever I went to the grocery store I would get something out of the bag and put it in the   front seat and eat on the way home now am I paying attention to what I’m eating no likely am I eating   because I was hungry probably not so we want to look at habits a lot of people will eat when   they are watching TV it’s a huge one so we want to not do that or if you’re going to eat when   you’re watching TV make sure you sit at the table at least that makes you a little bit more mindful so think about their particular times or activities that you eat and you’re just not   hungry are their particular times that you mindlessly eat like like I said when you’re   driving or when you’re watching television those are both habits and can be mindless because you’re   not paying attention to how much is going on in your the mouth you’re not probably paying attention to the   taste and you’re not paying attention to whether you’re full or not so if you’re mindlessly eating   then there’s going to be a lot more calorie consumption in addition to the fact that you’re   not eating because you’re hungry you’re just eating to eat are you going too long between   meals than needing a sugar boost which leads to a sugar crash so again that’s a physical cause but   we want to rule out these bad habits that we can tend to get into other things that can   be construed as bad habits are eating without putting food on a plate if you eat straight   out of the bag you’re gonna eat more than if you put it on a plate so put it on a plate sit   down try not to watch TV all the things that your grandmother would have told you so what do we do   about it emotional eating interventions I talked earlier about the food diary do a retrospective   during the assessment if they want to get a jumpstart on things but have them keep a food   diary preferably for the duration of treatment but at least for a week what time did they eat   were they craving just any old food or something that was salty sweet sour this will give you a general idea and can give their medical provider a general   idea if there are any nutritional imbalances or if there are particular associations with what emotion or   state were you in and I say state because being exhausted is not necessarily really an emotion where you are happy sad mad glad exhausted drained whatever state feels like it would work and   then because of why were you feeling this way it doesn’t have to be a dissertation it can be short and sweet but I encourage clients to write down everything they eat before they   eat it during the first week or you know like I said preferably throughout the entire course of   treatment why before they eat it because it’s a stop remembering we’ve talked before about how we   have an urge we have a craving we have an urge and then we engage in the behavior oftentimes without   stopping to mindfully think is this what we want to do this provides that stop it says okay I’ve   got it to write down the time and then I’ve got to think about why I’m eating and honestly, a lot of   clients notice a reduction and their habit of eating when they have to do this just because they don’t   want to record-keeping that up for the period of a a month or two months helps break some of the habits eating that they might do like I said before when they’re eating I encourage them to use a plate sit   down don’t walk around don’t stand at the counter eliminate distractions as much as possible and   focus on the food you’re eating that goes with mindfully eating what does it taste like is it   good take small bites when my son was young and I think I’ve shared this before he had gastric   reflux and we would sit down at the table and I would shovel in food as fast as I could get   it in my mouth because he couldn’t be put down for too long before he would start to get fussy   at least until we figured out that he had gastric reflux and Zantac was just a lifesaver I developed   that habit when he was little and I kept it up for a while, it took a while to learn for me to   learn to go back to take you to know reasonable bites and tasting my food and even today if I’m   not paying attention too much I’ll eat my dinner rest and then I’ll sit there and I’ll be   like well yes I’ll taste that a little bit later because I didn’t taste it when I ate it encouraging   clients to be aware of their eating habits and try to avoid setting up a binge by restricting certain   foods now does that mean you have to have cakes and candy and whatever your trigger foods are   in your house all the time and in your face no I would encourage people not to do that but to say   you know I said for me M&Ms is one of my favorites reward foods if you will I don’t keep them in the   house but I will allow myself occasionally to buy a small snack-size pack of M&Ms when I’m out or   I will get a regular-size pack and I’ll share it with my daughter so I’m not restricting it   I’m not saying I can never M&Ms again I’m just not making it available to myself when I might   have some unrestricted time to try to avoid buying a bunch of comfort foods and keeping them around   the house and when you’ve got kids when you’ve got family, it’s not entirely possible usually to not   have some of that stuff around but try to avoid having the things that you particularly used for   comfort because if it’s not readily available then you’ve got to focus on guess what dealing   with the emotions instead of stuffing them with food try not to go too long without eating as I said earlier if you go too long then by the the time you get to the food your blood Sugar’s low   and you’re just shoveling it as fast as you can initially distract if you know that you’re   getting you’re eating and you’re like I’m really not hungry but I want to eat take a bath take a   walk call a friend heaven forbid get on Facebook whatever it is you can do to distract yourself   for 10 or 15 minutes if after 10 or 15 minutes you’re still going I rant whatever it is   then you can decide what to do about it then most of the time when people stop and go I’m not hungry let me distract myself they get caught up in that distraction and before they know   it they’ve forgotten about the craving to identify the emotions if you know that you’re not hungry   but you want to eat then say okay what’s going on what’s going on with me it doesn’t mean that   the person is never going to eat when they’re upset because a lot of people do and is it the end   of the world probably not necessary if they can start reducing the frequency of times that they   eat in response to emotional distress that’s what we want to progress, not perfect if it’s   depression that’s causing them to feel hopeless or helpless right now if it’s stress anxiety   or anger remember our big kind of lump together stuff what are they stressing out about do they   feel like they’re overwhelmed are they afraid of failure rejection loss of control of the unknown   we’ve gone through those things we want them to identify what’s going on with them and then they   can make better choices about how to deal with it so general coping helps them develop alternate ways   of coping with distress distract we’ve already kind of go over that one I encourage people   and you know it’s one of those DBT things that a lot of therapists encourage their clients to   keep a list of things they can do to distract themselves because it’s not always practical to   get up and go on a walk if you’re at work or it’s you know two in the morning so what else can you   do to distract yourself talk it out with a friend with yourself with your dog sometimes you just got   to get it out people who are more auditory will prefer talking it out as opposed to journaling   it now if they talk it out with themselves they can record it if they want to or sometimes it’s   just better to have a dialogue with themself if it worked for Freud it can work for other people journaling if your clients are inclined to journal encourage them to write it down sometimes just   getting stuff out of their head and onto paper will help the feelings dissipate a little bit   so you’re not mulling them over and obsessing on them and getting stuck in those thoughts and   feelings additionally while you’re distracting talking it out or journaling is also your   break stop between the urge and the behavior make a pro and con list of the de-stress, not the   eating whatever it is that’s stressing you out and how can you fix it or what are the pros of   this situation and what are the downsides to this situation encourages them to focus on the   positive you know if something stressing you out at work you know you’ve got a big meeting   coming up or something you don’t want to do or what it is you can get stuck on focusing   on that or you can focus on the positive that you do have a job that meeting only comes around once   a month you can it’s time you don’t have to be doing paperwork whatever the pros are for that   person encourage them to focus on the positive if you’re distressed because of some kind of a   failure or perceived failure figure out what you learned from it whether it was a relationship   failure maybe you learned what not to do in a relationship anymore maybe you learned things   that you may have ignored maybe you learned what you should have done instead but how can it be a   learning opportunity instead of somewhere to stay stuck and finally if something’s making you upset if something’s causing anxiety depression hopelessness helplessness whatever the negative   feeling figure out if it’s worth your energy to get stuck here is it worth the turmoil is   it worth you know having to pacify yourself with food whatever it is a lot of times people say you   know what now it’s just it’s not even worth my effort is not worth moving me away from   my goals because my goal is to stop emotional eating my goal is to eat for hunger so I can   go to dinner with people and feel comfortable I can be at a party where there’s a buffet and   not feel stressed out that I’m gonna go and eat half the stuff on the buffet that’s my goal so is   holding on to whatever this de-stress is getting me closer to being able to do those things and   generally, the answer’s no develop alternate ways of coping with the stress the ABCs the a is the   activating event that is stressing you out what’s causing the de-stress C is the emotional reaction   angry depressed stressed whatever we are your behaviors what behaviors or B are your beliefs   sorry what are the beliefs that are in there that may need to be addressed what kind of things are   you telling yourself and how can you counter them cognitively eliminate your vulnerabilities   you knew we couldn’t get through a presentation without talking about vulnerabilities if someone   is well-rested well-fed has a good social support the network does not overstretch timewise then it will be   easier to deal with stress or stressors when they come your way you’ll have more energy to deal with   it so there won’t be this overwhelming feeling of I just want to bury my head in a jar of peanut   butter be compassionate with yourself some days are you know you’re just gonna feel anxious you’re   gonna feel depressed you’re gonna get angry you can beat yourself up over it and you know a lot   of people do is that the best use of your energy or can you be compassionate can you learn from it   can you give yourself a break and go you know what I’m having a bad day today and that’s okay I’m not   gonna unpack and stay here but I’m not gonna fight it either help clients learn how to urge   surf helps them understand that just like a panic the attack is just like a wave just like a lot of other   things in life it will come it will crest and it will go out again so they can sort of identify   where they are on the energy of that urge Panic-loop-3 other tools people can use close the kitchen once   I have the kitchen cleaned and you know all the dishes are done and it looks pretty I hate going   in there and finding dishes in the sink again now I’ve got teenagers so we always have dishes in   the sink but before I had children you know at seven o’clock I finished all the dishes and closed   the kitchen and that would be enough motivation for me to not go in there and at least not use   plates and stuff to eat so if we’re saying that we’re going to only eat using utensils plates and   sitting and all that stuff that we already talked about then once you close the kitchen you’re not   going back in there turn off the light that also helps so you’re not being attracted to the pretty lights and you know all the goodies that are in the kitchen brush   your teeth this is something my grandmother used to do and it works there’s some research   behind it minty flavors reduce our appetite so if you brush your teeth you get all the other   flavors out of your mouth and it reduces your urges to eat because it again it’s clean and   fresh and do you want to brush your teeth again meditate sometimes just getting in a space   where you’re not obsessing about anything can help people get past that urge to self-soothe   with eating a CT for emotional eating what am I feeling or thinking about what’s going on with me right   now and what is important to me so if I am thinking I want to eat I want to you know just dive into   this jar of peanut butter and then I think about what’s important to me is it important to me to   get control of this is it important to me to you know to be able to fit in my clothes in six months or   not so what is in what way is controlling my eating habits and eliminating emotional   eating important to me and how does that get me closer to other things that are important to   me and what other things could I do that would get me closer to my goals so if the goal is to   have improved relationships and be able to feel more Being comfortable around food reduces the stress around   going out to eat and just around food in general what else can you do when you are stressed out somebody also suggested adding a blue light in the refrigerator decreases the appeal of foods   which is interesting because yellow red and orange and browns I think Pizza Hut are all foods   that increase people’s hunger and desire to eat but blue is just a completely different   primary color and adding a blue hue seems like that would be effective so cool   thanks for that little tidbit their holiday help and you know we’re coming into the holidays so   I’ve got to bring that up at every single glass choose lower-calorie foods if you tend to get   stressed out or caught up or mindlessly eat when you are at family gatherings, okay you know cut   yourself a break know that that’s probably gonna happen to fill up on the lower calorie foods the   carrot sticks broccoli the white meat turkey anything available that’s not like sweet   potato pie or brownies keeps water or low calorie beverage in your hand if you’ve got your hand full   you can’t eat at the same time so you know if you walk around with a cup in your hand it helps   talk to people hopefully you don’t talk with your mouth open or talk with food in your mouth so if   you’re talking to people you’re not going to be as inclined to go get something to eat because you’re   wanting to stay engaged in that conversation stay away from the buffet especially if you know that   it could get stressful or maybe you know for me I turn into a pumpkin at like 7:30 at night I get up   at 4:00 but I turn into a pumpkin at 7:30 and a a lot of times holiday parties and those sorts of   things are at eight nine o’clock at night and you know I’ve already turned into a pumpkin so   I know that if I go to those I’m gonna be more likely to eat just to kind of stay away because   I’m tired and it’s a bad habit it’s not because I’m hungry so I know I need to stay away from   the buffet during those times we rehearse refusal skills if somebody says oh you’ve got to try it by   two this figure out how you’re going to address that ahead of time because there’s generally   probably a lot of really good foods and you may want to taste some but sometimes people who   emotionally eat know if they start eating if they start eating high-fat high calorie foods they’re   gonna want to eat everything so if I start with one bite of a brownie I’m gonna want to eat every   suite that’s on the table if they know that then they may want to choose to not even go down that   road at that juncture and encourage people to stay mindful of their distress meter before they go   back for another helping and ask themselves am i hungry am I just wanting to taste what’s here   and how do I feel about that or am I eating just because I don’t want to be here and I’m   bored and I want to fill the time have people keep an index card with their coping mantra   and two reasons they don’t want to emotionally eat so I need to be here I can do this whatever   the mantra is that’s gonna get them through the night whatever they’re telling themselves that   it’s gonna help them plow through and make the right choices but also two reasons that they   don’t want to eat or they’re going to get around maybe they’ve got something at home that they   can eat when they get home eating before they go to the party may also help prevent some grazing   holidays bring out a lot of emotions in people some people struggle with depression anxiety   jealousy grief anger you know the whole gamut during this time and during this time there’s   food everywhere I mean starting at Halloween when your kids bring home the Halloween candy which   usually lasts about a week in our house baby Oh Halloween candy followed by getting ready   for Thanksgiving followed by doing all the baking or whatever you do and the holiday parties coming   up on the December holiday season there’s just food everywhere so it’s really easy to cope if you   will with stress being overwhelmed by being tired by not eating enough healthy food by binging   on unhealthy and soothing food if you will so it’s encouraged it’s important to encourage people to   stay mindful of why they’re eating what they’re eating when constantly bombarded with high-fat high carbohydrate foods people are tempted to eat to feel calm yeah I challenge anybody to say that   they’ve never eaten and go okay you know I’m just focused on this right now I’m not thinking about   everything out here and it feels good um I’m good now goods are probably not the word I should use but   it does help people distract themselves sometimes when you eat especially those high-intensity foods   you feel happier serotonins release dopamine is released you’re like oh that’s good   I want to do that again or you just feel numb you can get into a zone where you’re just eating and   not caring it’s not that you’re feeling calm you’re just not feeling anything and a lot   of times when people get into that zone they’re not tasting the food either they’re just kind of on an autopilot emotional eating like most other escape behaviors never address the underlying   emotions and their causes so we need to look at it are you feeling anxious are you feeling   jittery are you feeling depressed because your blood Sugar’s low because you’re nutritionally   deficient because you’re not getting enough sleep or because there’s something cognitive going on or   all of the above emotional eating often results in physical issues like weight gain poor sleep   and reduced energy weight gain is you know in and of itself, a few pounds here and they’re not a big   deal but some people can start emotionally eating to feel better they gained a lot of weight then   they start feeling less energetic it starts being harder to move around they get to the point where   they are clinically obese then they’re going I’m never going to take all this weight off they feel   hopeless and helpless you see where this is going so they eat some more can cause poor sleep apnea it’s hard to get it’s also hard to get comfortable sometimes if you’ve eaten a whole   bunch of food right before you go to bed you know your bellies all full and little you wake up the   next morning and your belly still awful which means you probably didn’t sleep very well the   night before and emotional eating often results in reduced energy because the foods we binge on   the foods we eat for self-soothing often end up causing a sugar crash some people try to undo   emotional eating by restricting other calories which can lead to nutritional deficits and more   cravings I had a girlfriend when I was in high school and you know think back to I don’t know if   they still do it but when we were in high school there was always some kind of candy sale going on   and she would always forgo all other food so she could have two chocolate bars each day and you   know we’re not going to get into the all the other issues surrounding only eating two chocolate bars   but the point I’m making it right now is the fact she wasn’t getting protein she wasn’t getting you to know most of her vitamins and minerals and stuff that her body needed to make the neurotransmitter   so she could feel happy and she was contributing to a sugar crash but I also know that it’s common   around the holidays for people to do this they’ll let go all day without eating because they know   they’re going to a party tonight and there’s going to be a lot of really good food doing that once in   a while is not a big deal doing that 10 or 15 times in a month could start to have problems emotional   eaters need to first find a way to stop before they eat so whether it’s writing in a journal   or adding there are a lot of apps on your phone that you can put your food in even if you’re   not writing about your emotions and your cravings and all that kind of stuff sometimes it’s enough   to make people stop before they each for the food or you know kind of an extreme way   to go is to not keep pre-processed or prepackaged foods in the house so anything that you’re going   to eat you’ve got to make a second identity the underlying reason for your eating figure   out do I generally eat in response to and then address the thoughts and emotions leading to the   urges so if you figure out that the underlying emotions for your eating or your depression then   what thoughts are maintaining that depression and how can you address it once you address the   underlying issues of some of the emotional eating will go away some of its habits we’re going to   have to break that habits and over the course of you know past couple of decades of working with   people my experience has been the majority of the time people don’t want to hear well once you deal   with your emotional issues the emotional eating will go away now they’re there because they want   to stop that behavior right now so yes we need to work on all the underlying issues but give them   a tip or a trick or a tool whatever you want to call it to use before they walk out of your office   after every single session that way they have something else they can put in their toolbox and   feel more empowered to have control over what’s going on with them and what’s coming their way knowing what and why is 80% of helping them get to the recovery   point now if there’s co-occurring or if the eating issues are more than just emotional   eating if there’s the person meets the criteria for binge eating disorder bulimia   or anorexia there are a lot of other underlying issues they’re gonna   have to be dealt with so I don’t want to trivialize that but I do want people   to feel like they’ve got some hope over what’s going on are there any questions if you enjoy this podcast please like and subscribe either in your podcast player or   on YouTube you can attend and participate in our live webinars with doctor Snipes by   subscribing at all CEUs comm slash counselor toolbox this episode has   been brought to you in part by all CEUs com providing 24/7 multimedia continuing   education and pre-certification training to counselors therapists and nurses since 2006 used coupon code consular toolbox to get a 20% discount on your order this monthAs found on YouTubeHuman Synthesys Studio It’s Never Been Easier To Create Human Spokesperson Videos. 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Physiology of Addiction and Mental Health Issues

this episode was pre-recorded as part of a live continuing education webinar   on-demand CEUs are still available for this presentation through all   CEUs register at allceus.com/counselortoolbox I’d like to welcome everybody to today’s presentation of addiction and co-occurring disorders   part two the physiology of addiction and mental health issues over the next hour we’re going to   discuss somewhat generally because there’s a a lot of stuff to go over neurotransmitters which   we’ve talked about some before but then we’re also going to talk a little bit more today than we’ve   talked in the past about sex hormones thyroid hormones and stress hormones and how all of those   interact in the body to increase or decrease the availability of certain neurotransmitters we’re   going to go on from learning about the different hormones and neurotransmitters to discussing   the physics all the physiology of emotion and motivation and again we’ve kind of covered that   but we’re going to go over it real quick again we’ll talk about the physiology of sleep what   happens during sleep and what happens to those hormones or neurotransmitters when you don’t   get enough sleep what happens when you eat why is eating sometimes rewarding what happens when   people take stimulants whether it’s caffeine or methamphetamine what happens when we turn up the   system and how does that affect the availability of certain neurotransmitters and then we’ll talk   about the physiology of depressants so we’re looking in general at what these things do as   far as the physiology of addiction we’re going to talk generally about that right at the very   end so your inhibitory neurotransmitters are those brain chemicals turn down   the system so instead of being hyped up and awake and yadda-yadda your calm you are relaxed you are   maybe even sleepy too drowsy so your inhibitory neurotransmitters are the ones that kick   in or counteract the excitatory ones serotonin is your primary inhibitory neurotransmitter it’s   broken down to make melatonin and help you sleep okay so we know that it’s also responsible   for a lot of our bowel function angle and also for not it’s implicated in nausea and motion   sickness and they found that there are a lot fewer side effects to serotonin antagonists than there   are to dopamine antagonists when we’re talking about helping people who have motion sickness   and nausea so anyway just a little aside there but serotonin is 80 percent of it is actually in your   GI tract and it is implicated in bowel function so when we’re thinking about clients who may have   an imbalance in serotonin and who may have greater pain sensitivity we want to start thinking about   you know how is their GI working and is are some of their problems with you know stomach problems   pain irritable bowel that kind of stuff is that caused by a serotonin imbalance or is that causing   a serotonin imbalance or maybe serotonin is not implicated at all and it’s something completely   different serotonin is also implicated in anxiety and aggression if you don’t have enough of it you   tend to be more anxious and aggressive because you’re not having the turn down if you will low   serotonin has also been implicated in poor impulse control so we like serotonin but we   found and we’re gonna talk about that throughout this class of serotonin has often been given the   go-ahead or been implicated for a whole lot of things and we’ve said okay if this happens then   it’s low serotonin if this happens then it’s low serotonin and as it goes but no the research is finding that that’s rarely true that most of our problems whether it be GI problems   or mental health problems or addictive issues don’t necessarily involve serotonin at all there   is a subset of people for whom it does but the majority of people which is why antidepressants   are ineffective for about 70 percent of the population for them shortie of the people it’s not   serotonin so we do want to keep that in the back of our mind yes serotonin is everywhere throughout   the body 80% of it is in our gut and our gut is not necessarily going to communicate directly   with our brain we cannot measure neurotransmitter levels effectively in a live human being just not   how it works right now there are tests out there that say they can measure your neurotransmitter   levels and that’s true but it’s not telling you how much of that neurotransmitter is in your gut   or your muscles or wherever versus in your brain so those tests for our purposes as mental   health clinicians and people who come to us who may want to know well what antidepressant should   I be on they’re not all that effective okay so depression has been debunked as   being linked to serotonin in the majority of cases serotonin is implicated as one of those   neurotransmitters involved in pain control in people with lower serotonin tend to have a lower pain   threshold so it hurts more and that doesn’t mean that they’re sissies or anything like that   it just means that they are more reactive or they feel more pain because they don’t have the same   level of serotonin and maybe endogenous opioids kind of coursing through their system serotonin is   also like I said involved in sleep an interesting fact is that alcohol impairs the body’s ability   to convert tryptophan which is an amino acid to serotonin so when you have somebody who’s   an alcoholic let’s think about how this works if they are drinking and maybe they’re eating   a perfectly healthy diet and they just happen to drink a lot if their body can’t convert tryptophan   to serotonin then all of these problems up here that may be implicated by low serotonin can start   to rear their ugly head because the body can’t To make serotonin out of anything else it has to make   it from tryptophan and if it can’t make serotonin then it can’t make melatonin which is involved in   sleep and you’re gonna see how important all that is later so the take-home message with that is   that alcohol is something to be considered for moderation especially if we have a client who   is struggling with depression maybe they’re not an alcoholic but they need to consider the long-term   impact if they want to feel better is preventing their body from making using the building blocks   to make the neurotransmitters that they may need is it worth that drink remember that serotonin has been found in research to be implicated in low serotonin is implicated in   people with generalized anxiety disorders so it hasn’t been completely just been debunked   for everything but researchers and clinicians finally are starting to realize that there are   a multitude of reasons that somebody could have a mood issue that somebody could have even low   serotonin okay if the person has low serotonin alright that’s fine let’s address it but what   is causing the low serotonin we’ll look at that more in the next few slides GABA is your   other major inhibitory neurotransmitter it has sedative depressive and anti-anxiety properties   to them the really interesting thing it’s and when I say depressive I mean it slows down everything   it’s not that it makes people depressed but it’s your anti-anti-anxiety natural anti-anxiety   neurotransmitter helps improve concentration by filtering out background noise so you’re able to   focus a little bit better when you’ve got normal levels of gaba help with impulse control   think about when you’re anxious when you’re a little bit revved up when you’re stressed out   and somebody scares you maybe you’re a little bit more jumpy well think about if you have GABA at   the right levels in your system and you’re not stressed out and somebody scares you are you as   jumpy are you as impulsive a lot of our impulses are associated with wanting to make a threat or   a pain go away so if you’re not perceiving as many threats you’re probably not going to be as   impulsive another little interesting side thing is that glucose you know sugar is necessary for the   formation of GABA so people with hypoglycemia can have a reduction in GABA and an increase   in anxiety so think about if your blood sugar gets low even if you are not hypoglycemic but   you know you got to work back-to-back patients you didn’t take time for lunch yet back-to-back   patients you’re on the drive home from the office your blood Sugar’s low you are you more likely to   respond with some anxiety or irritability to things that happen versus when you are well   nourished and your blood sugar is kind of stable for most people, they’re gonna say yeah I tend to   be a little bit cranky err when my blood sugar is low and shake gear alright so those are our   two inhibitory neurotransmitters glutamate is generally acknowledged to be the most important   neurotransmitter for brain functioning and it’s excitatory it gets you up it gets you   going it gives you energy and it’s responsible for helping us learn and remember things so if   you’ve got low levels of glutamate you know you might have difficulty concentrating and learning   now the interesting thing is that glutamine which is an amino acid you eat glutamine   is converted into glutamate all right well that makes sense so you eat something it is turned   into this neurotransmitter that’s excitatory the interesting thing is gaba is made by the breakdown   of glutamate so you have if you have glutamate then you can have Gaba if you don’t have enough   glutamate then you’re not going to have enough GABA so it’s a balance like taking a warm bath   and you know this is important to remember simply because we want to know what’s rubbing   us up and what’s slowing us down norepinephrine or noradrenaline depending on where you are is what   they call a catecholamine it increases arousal and alertness promotes vigilance and focuses attention   so you’re hearing a theme here about attention and memory it enhances the formation and retrieval   of memories so in your norepinephrine that’s your motivation chemical is secreted it encourages you   to pay attention to remember and to be able to go and file things away and access them easily it can also promote restlessness and anxiety if you have too much so it’s all about moderation   when I talk about too much or too little of a neurotransmitter everything is always about all of the other neurotransmitters and hormones so we can’t just necessarily get a measurement and   go well you’ve got too much of this well we have to know what the levels of everything else are it   would be kind of like making a marinara sauce and saying you a teaspoon of garlic is how much you   need but that teaspoon would be enough if you were making maybe two quarts of marinara sauce   but if you are making 4 gallons all of the other spices and everything would be in much   larger proportions so what a teaspoon be enough so we need to know what proportions all the other   chemicals are at in order to know how much we need and since we can’t measure them we’re just kind of   left guessing dopamine is another catecholamine and it’s broken down to make norepinephrine now   normally we think of dopamine as our pleasure reward chemical which it is don’t get me wrong   it’s that’s what is there for and it tells us I want to do that again but it’s broken down to   make our focus concentration motivation chemical interesting so we need dopamine to make   norepinephrine we need norepinephrine to want to get up and go so if we are draining our dopamine   system through addictive behaviors or some other reason guess what we’re not going to be able to   make enough nor epinephrine or those receptors that usually receive the norepinephrine and the   dopamine are going to be basically unresponsive and you’re going to knock on the door and nobody’s   going to open so dopamine is broken down to make norepinephrine which is your motivation chemical   high levels of dopamine in the brain generally enhance mood and increase body movement too   much dopamine may produce nervousness irritability aggressiveness and paranoia so think about cocaine   if somebody takes a whole lot of really good cocaine this is probably what we’re going to   see because the levels of dopamine in their brain just skyrocketed and everything else didn’t catch   up there was no signal to all the other chemicals to go okay we’re gonna have a surge here so we   have all of those neurotransmitters that are responsible for helping us feel happy serotonin   helps us feel theoretically calm and content and focused gaba is an anti-anxiety medication   or not medication but a neurotransmitter and then dopamine glutamate and norepinephrine are all   of our excitatory ones they’re the ones that get us guess what excited happy excited mad excited   whatever the excited is they Rev us up and that’s what we label with our emotional feeling states   so what is this HPA axis thing that I talk about every once in a while in response to stress the   level of various hormones change and reactions to stress is associated with an enhanced secretion   of several hormones including your gluta Co corticoids which is cortisol your catecholamines   to increase mobilization of energy sources which is blah blah blah blah blah you get   stressed your body sends out the message that we need some energy we need some fuel for this   fight-or-flight response cortisol is activated and it’s a glue to co corticoid which tells your body   we need to prepare we need to get some glucose going so got energy for this fight-or-flight   thing catecholamines adrenaline and dopamine are released that’s your body going okay we have this   energy now let’s get the team revved up the other thing that happens though is jörgen a door opens   are suppressed your body goes you know we don’t really have time for sex right now so let’s not   worry about it so your sex hormones tend to be suppressed under high stress levels okay well   who cares you’re gonna find out in a little while but that’s kind of a big deal because there is a   strong relationship between the amount of and the balance of our sex hormones and the availability   of serotonin-norepinephrine and dopamine in our bodies oh well sweet this here we are androgen or   testosterone what we want to look at is what does it do it helps helps us with concentration mood   and not enough of it can result in an increase in belly fat they found that in men depending on the   research that you look at somewhere between 30 and 40 years of age they start losing somewhere   between 1% and 1.5 percent of their testosterone each year and so you’re thinking well you know   that’s not that much but you’ve also got to remember that everything’s in a balance so   they’re losing their testosterone but what else is not decreasing estrogen so some articles have kind   of termed it manopause if you will the increase in estrogen can increase irritability difficulty   concentrating and belly fat as well as Gyna mastika or the development of excess fat in   the breast area so something interesting to look at if you’re dealing with patients male patients   who are over the age of 40 who are having suddenly if you will depression or anxiety issues or are   talking about their midlife crisis that those all of those things could be precipitated by in their neurochemistry because of a drop in testosterone not necessarily but it’s one   positive or one possible reason estrogen believe it or not is a neuro stimulant estrogen revs us   up receptors for estrogen are very abundant in the emotional center of the brain called the   amygdala and the hypothalamus which is involved in what we just talked about the HPA axis which   tells us to fight flea or freeze estrogen increases serotonin receptor responsive ‘it   increases the number of serotonin receptors in the body and enhances serotonin transport   and uptake so we might hypothesize and we don’t know any of this for sure that if someone’s mood   disorder started or fluctuates in response to fluctuations in their estrogen then there might   be a serotonin component to this mood disorder because estrogen is so intimately connected with   serotonin availability high levels of estrogen are associated with anxiety one thing that they found   in American culture and industrialized nations but especially American culture is we have a   lot of chemicals and stuff that we eat that tend to and habits that we do that tend to increase   our levels of estrogen creating something called estrogen dominance but high levels of estrogen are   associated with anxiety so one thing clients may want to do especially female clients but   you know if you have a male who is feeling like estrogen may be increasing too much I have them   look at what they’re doing as far as lifestyle factors to see if there’s anything that might be   increasing their estrogen levels low levels of estrogen are associated with depression because   there’s not enough serotonin going around but also because estrogen is a neuro stimulant and if it’s   not there then there’s no stimulation so alright so now looking at first we started implicating   just neurotransmitters and going well if you don’t have enough of this or too much of this then you   might be depressed well now we’ve added to the mix and said well guess what these imbalances   over here in the neurotransmitters may be caused by something completely different such as sex   hormones progesterone is another sex hormone an imbalance in the ratio with estrogen is implicated   in mood disorders so progesterone kind of calms down estrogen they’re yin & yang if you will kind   of like GABA and glutamate it’s referred to as the relaxation hormone the interesting thing here is   synthetic progesterone which is present in a lot of birth control is associated with depression   whereas naturally occurring progesterone levels haven’t had that same associate association drawn   in the research literature so another thing to look at with our female clients is possibly to   ask them have they and if they’re presenting with depressive symptoms have they changed their birth   control regimen or have they recently gotten pregnant or had a baby or stopped nursing and   that was one I learned you know when I stopped nursing my first child was your body actually   maintains different levels of hormones and makes sense maintains different levels of hormones when   you’re nursing so you’re producing milk and stuff and then when you stop nursing there’s a whole   different hormonal cascade that happens so there are multiple different times that estrogen can   change and progesterone levels can change ganado trope ins hormones synthesized and released by   the anterior pituitary promote the production of sex hormones so remember earlier I said that when   we’re under stress our body releases cortisol and cortisol tells our body you know what we   don’t need to produce those sex hormones right now so let’s connect it all if you’re under a lot of   stress you may not be producing enough estrogen which is why a lot of women when they’re under a   lot of stress tend to have more erratic cycles but even in men when your sex hormones are not being   produced because your body’s focused on fight or flee it makes the availability of serotonin   and norepinephrine and dopamine less available so chronic stress can alter the availability   of sex hormones which alter the availability of neurotransmitters okay you wanted some good news   we got some good news oxytocin is our bonding hormone and they found that it can counteract   cortisol and vice-versa it’s not just getting a hug though so I mean hugs are great don’t get me   wrong but a lot of research has indicated that people who have companion animals and pet their   companion animal it can be a horse it can be a dog it can be a cat a bunny rabbit whatever it   is that does it for you where you feel that sensation of bonding 15 minutes of petting   that animal raises oxytocin levels and which counteracts cortisol sweet thyroid hormones   yet a whole nother category so we’re moving off of the sex hormones onto our thyroid you have   two types of thyroid hormones thyroxine and the other one that I can’t pronounce t4 and   t3 t4 is broken down to make t3 they are always in a balance they’re always in a ratio too much   thyroid hormone which typically is t3 speeds things up and too little slows things down so   think about somebody who’s hypothyroid they have symptoms of depression one of the things we want   to rule out early on with our patients who present with the pressive symptoms is thyroid problems   the patients with too much thyroid hormone may present with anxiety symptoms so again we want   to look and say is there a physiological cause to the neurotransmitter imbalance the pituitary gland   hypothermic hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis so this is the middle of that stress axis here   the pituitary gland releases thyroid stimulating hormones to get the thyroid to release t4 and t3   majority of the thyroid hormones produced by the thyroid are t4 but t3 is the most usable form so   it sends out t4 which is kind of you know it’s just kind of there it’s not a real hard worker   at all but along the way it gets converted to 3 t3 which is a workhorse this conversion is the   critical element because a lot of times doctors will test thyroid secreting hormone and t4 alone   and they’ll say well you’re secreting enough and there’s plenty of t4 to be broken down to t3 so I   don’t know why you have hypothyroid symptoms but the piece that they’re missing is they may not be   we may not be adequately converting t4 to active t3 so it’s important if you think you have thyroid   issues going on to work with an endocrinologist who’s going to do more than just a superficial   test or if you go to a GP you have and they do just a TS h t4 test comes back normal but you’re   like no something’s not right there are more tests that can be done to be more specific about what’s   available because if we’ve got a client who goes to the doctor and says doc you know I feel awful I   can’t wake up I’ve got no energy they run these tests they say well there’s nothing wrong with   you that just disempowers the client the clients going well nothing’s wrong with me I don’t know   why I feel this way I have no hope for getting better because I don’t know what’s wrong so I   want to make sure that we educate them about all the possible things that they might be able to   look into I don’t dump all this on my clients at first you know when I go through the assessment I   start listening for things and then I encourage them to get a full blood panel done and then we   talk about all that when they come back and then narrow it down to other things that they   may want to look at further testing for if the general assessment didn’t come back with anything overactive thyroid produces anxiety feelings of nervousness butterflies heart racing trembling   irritability and sleep difficulties under activity depressive symptoms the other interesting thing   and I don’t know what other word to use is if it’s either overactive or underactive the   person can have mood swings and have sleeping difficulties so we don’t want to just say well   you’re having mood swings it must be hyper we don’t know so we want to look at maybe the   thyroid gland is sputtering and giving a little bit and then not enough and then a little bit   and then not enough it’s just important for them to understand what the thyroid hormone   does other cognitive issues difficulties with concentration short-term memory lapses and lack   of interest and mental alertness are also common in hypothyroid but they’re also common in a whole   bunch of other things I mean most of these sound like what the criteria for depression   so we’re trying to sort through and figure out what may be going on with that particular client hypothyroidism led to a significant decrease of responsiveness of the serotonin system so again   here’s something else if you don’t have enough estrogen or if you don’t have enough thyroid the   serotonin system may be implicated and we know that serotonin insufficiency is implicated in   generalized anxiety disorder so one of those little paths to kind of be aware of optimal   thyroid function may be necessary for optimal response to antidepressants antidepressants   mean the serotonin is still there but if estrogen and thyroid are responsible for transporting it   around and making sure it gets taken up in the right places then if those two systems   aren’t working no matter how much serotonin is in the system of it’s not getting to the   right places it’s not do the job hypothyroidism generally increases enzyme activities and GABA   levels now you may go well sweet we want more gaba but we don’t too much gaba has too much   of a depressive effect so the person may not be motivated may feel apathetic about things they   can’t get excited about anything so there is such a thing as being too chill thyroid hormone plays   a role in the output of dopamine the precursor to norepinephrine our motivation chemical not enough   thyroid hormone not enough excretion of dopamine not enough get up and go and norepinephrine has   also insufficient norepinephrine has also been implicated in depression so you know   serotonin is not even in there we’re talking about thyroid dopamine and norepinephrine stress hormones so we’ve moved on cortisol it’s released from that HPA axis cortisol   triggers a decrease in leptin and an increase in gralen which increases appetite and food intake   cortisol is telling you there is a threat we need energy we need to mobilize the sugars   because it’s a glucocorticoid but we also need to get more sugars in here so we have energy for the   fight-or-flight as long as it goes on which is why a lot of people who are chronically stressed also   feel like they’re chronically hungry they’re just like I’m famished all the time and it may not be   that their body needs all that energy all those calories right now their body may be hoarding it   because they think they’re going to have to it’s gonna have to fight or flight flee for a long   time cortisol also affects the endocrine system including thyroids insulin regulating blood sugar   and your sex hormones all right well that’s not good so when people are stressed they maintain   higher levels of cortisol when they maintain higher levels of cortisol basically every bodily   system and all the neurotransmitters are impacted adrenaline is another stress hormone you know we   think about it when somebody gets really upset or excited or whatever they have a rush of adrenaline   alright sigh Roxon is also released from the kidneys and are from the thyroid and helps you   get fatty acids which are long term long term energy fat has nine calories per gram sugar has   four calories per gram so fat is a much denser source of energy effective chronically elevated   cortisol includes impaired cognitive performance you’re not thinking as well dampen thyroid   function yep eventually the body goes there’s no point the stress is not going to go away there’s   no point in continuing to fight so I’m going to turn down the sensitivity of the symptom blood   sugar imbalances sleep disruption elevated blood pressure lowered immune function and increased   abdominal fat so if a client starts talking about how they’re stressed they’re hungry all the time   and they keep suddenly gaining all this weight in their belly we might start looking at chronic   stress and interventions that we might use for chronic stress including mindfulness meditation   exercise you know anything that we can throw their way in addition to having them get a full   physical to make sure there’s nothing else going on like you know actual hyper hypothyroid caused   by a physiological problem low levels of cortisol brain fog cloudy headedness mild depression low   thyroid function again blood sugar imbalances such as hypoglycemia and remember when you’ve   got blood sugar imbalances and not enough sugar then your body cannot produce enough gaba which   means you’re not going to have enough naturally relaxing chemicals fatigue especially morning and   mid-afternoon sleep disruption low blood pressure lowered immune function and inflammation so these   are all things that we can produce to work our clients to say cortisol it’s not public   enemy number one but it’s pretty close to it so let’s look at how your cortisol levels how you’re   sustained chronic stress might be impacting your mood your health and your sleep and think   about different ways we can reduce that because that’s more tangible and cortisol is measurable   obviously the doctor has to do that but it is measurable in general when we feel emotions a   stimulus is received by our peripheral peripheral nervous system the brain responds by triggering   the amygdala which is our emotion center and the hypothalamus assesses if you will the need   for fight or flee it goes there’s a threat or there’s no emotional memory that helps the brain   determine the types of neurochemicals to secrete and in what amounts if the hypothalamus goes   yeah no big deal then you’re going to have more inhibitory neurotransmitters then if you have your   hypothalamus going that’s a problem what we need to look at and this adds another layer is when   there is too much of a chemical or hypersensitive receptors so hypersensitive receptors are like the   person that you know that jumps when you tap them on the shoulder somebody who’s hyper vigilant when   they are activated they go from 0 to 100 and it’s just like in sensitive receptors on the   other hand when they’re activated they may not do anything at all so you may have enough chemical in   the system but if the receptors are not receptive then the chemical can’t do its job so if serotonin   is sitting outside the receptors door just kind of knocking on it going let me in and that door   never gets opened then it doesn’t matter how much serotonin is sitting in the synapse it’s not going   to do any good so as I said before all every time I talk about too much and too little it’s   always relative to the proportions of the other hormones and neurotransmitters for that person anxiety irritability and anger our fight-or-flight response can be caused by dot dot dot too little   serotonin where you have anxiety coming on because serotonin is not there to help   the person calm too little GABA again not enough calming too much norepinephrine too much estrogen   too much testosterone or too much thyroid so any of these too much is going to cause one   symptom either anxiety or irritability or anger and too little will probably produce something   more on the depressive continuum now happiness and excitements an interesting one because happiness   and excitement are excitatory neurotransmitters they’re going to get your heart rate going they’re   gonna get your blood blood flowing they’re gonna get your breathing a little bit faster think about   Christmas Christmas morning when you run down the stairs in order to see what’s under the Christmas   tree or something else that is really exciting your body is secreting dopamine norepinephrine   glutamate and maybe a little bit of serotonin in there but these are the same chemicals that   are going out during a stress response it’s how the amygdala processes everything so we still   need these excitatory neurotransmitters we can’t just shut them down and go well that’s causing too   much problem let’s turn it down well if we turn it down we’re also turning down the body’s ability to   Spahn to happy stimuli and like I said depression can be caused by serotonin insufficiency or excess   and why is it excess when you have too much serotonin or too little serotonin you can   have high levels of anxiety they found and high levels and anxiety trigger the stress response   system after a certain period of time the stress response system goes you know what I can’t stay   this hyped up for this long I’ve got to turn down my sensitivity I’ve just got a you know let it all   go which starts leading to feelings of apathy and depression it can be caused by nor norepinephrine   insufficiency dopamine insufficiency thyroid insufficiency or gain too much or too little   estrogen the good thing is I Roy dand sex hormones can be measured so we can easily   or somewhat easily help the person rule those in and/or rule those out as can cortisol so if they   have chronically elevated or chronically low levels of cortisol they’re going to have some   mood symptoms but we can figure out that that’s going on and we can help educate the patient to   why they’re having the symptoms they are it’s not all in their head the New England Journal   of Medicine on major depression said numerous studies of norepinephrine and serotonin in   plasma urine and cerebrospinal fluid as well as post mortem Studies on the brains of patients   with depression so we’re talking about humans not just rats studies have yet to identify the   purported deficiency reliably so while we’re talking about depression being caused by if   you will norepinephrine or serotonin deficiency there’s no real research that can reliably say   yes this is it 100% of the time or even 95% of the time it’s more like yeah 15 percent of the time   so yes deficiencies in norepinephrine and and or serotonin does cause depression in some people but   that is a small subset and they found that there are 20 or 30 small subsets of different causative   factors estrogen and progesterone modulates sleep and too much estrogen can cause insomnia so again   if you have too much estrogen well you may have plenty of serotonin going on you also may not be   able to sleep sleep deficiency promotes elevated cortisol and further disrupts our feeding hormones   now for cortisol is elevated we’re not going to get good restful sleep sleep deficiency is   related to a 30% reduction in thyroid hormone levels so again remember that the body finally   after chronic stress will start turning down the thyroid it’s just like there’s no need to   exert any more effort because this is a losing proposition with sleep deficiency the thyroid   hormone levels go down cortisol levels go up which is your stress chemical so everything’s   starting to get out of whack when people eat serotonin suppresses appetite and increases   with feeding so as we eat our serotonin levels go up especially for eating carbohydrate-rich foods   but anytime we’re eating so if there’s not enough serotonin people’s appetite suppression may be off   but that’s also one of the reasons that people eat for comfort is because serotonin helps them feel a   little bit better so when they’re eating serotonin goes up dopamine is associated with safety ATP   handy which is great but if you don’t have enough dopamine then you may never feel satisfied as we   talked about before cortisol increases appetite and neurons involved in the regulation of feeding   are located in the hypothalamus so when you’ve got that hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis all   activated all the time the HPA axis you’re feeding is going to be probably way up here   because the hypothalamus is going there’s a threat we need food we need we need energy and all of   these chemicals are involved in stress response stimulants stimulants set off the stress response   system by causing the body to kind of dump if you will sigh roid hormones stress hormones and   suppress sex hormones you know that HPA axis it’s activated excitatory neurotransmitters dopamine   and norepinephrine gets secreted so if you’ve got a lot of pleasure reward focus and concentration   going on and you’re just like woohoo yeah you’re probably gonna want to do that again but when   that wears off when stimulants wear off they wear off a whole lot faster than what our normal neuro   chemicals would normally do so when they wear off there’s a sudden lack of stimulation pleasure and   reward and there’s an excess of gaba and other other neurochemicals when people drink alcohol   initially gaba goes way up when they drink the alcohol and they feel relaxed and disinhibited and   all that kind of stuff the alcohol wears off and all of a sudden in proportion to everything else   there’s way not enough gaba so anxiety goes way up so what we want to remember is when we’re taking   substances or engaging it well taking substances specifically they are going to impact and wear off   in a much different rate than what would happen from our body normally excreting or causing   those neurochemicals to be excreted depressant increase gaba and may increase serotonin so they   found that alcohol may increase serotonin it also increases gaba but again when it wears off you got   a problem what there are other depressants out there besides alcohol though so it’s important   to know what are your clients taking what are they using recreationally not to be judgmental you know   if you have a couple drinks in the evening it is what it is what other things are you taking are   you using including looking herbs like valerian Valerians are pretty powerful depressant so it’s   important to know what what they’re taking so they know what impact is having on their body   there are a variety of neurotransmitters that are implicated in moods sex stress and thyroid   hormones among others modulate the secretion and absorption that is modulate the availability of   these neurotransmitters so if there’s a lack or an insufficiency proportionally speaking of   norepinephrine what we want to ask is not how do we increase it but what’s causing it why is there   an imbalance in norepinephrine in this particular patient dysphoria is about having an imbalance not   necessarily too much or too little you may have too much X in relation to Y too much glutamate   in relation to GABA so talking with your clients if they start taking medications talk with them   about how they feel and whether it’s getting worse you’re getting better to help understand you know   are we targeting the right things here sleep deprivation directly contributes alterations   in hormone and neurotransmitter levels and excessive eating may be caused by high cortisol   levels because the brain thinks it needs to store energy for the long fight sex hormones impact the   availability of serotonin but oxytocin has been shown to inhibit cortisol so pet a dog get a hug   do something to promote bonding it will help with stress levels dysphoric moods are caused   by a neurotransmitter imbalance but what causes that imbalance in each person berries greatly   and they found it even berries greatly among people with PTSD so just like depression PTSD   does not have one simple cause a cascade effect can happen when any one of these systems goes   offline so if the thyroid system goes offline has a dysfunction for some reason it may negatively   impact all the other symptoms because it’s going to change the balance and the ratios   of all the other hormones and chemicals involved in those feedback loops so final thoughts chronic   stress impairs sleep which causes imbalances and hormones and neurotransmitters involved   in eating sleeping mood attention motivation and sex disruptions in nutrition can fail to   provide the building blocks for the hormones and neurotransmitters so it could be something as   simple as you know eating junk food every day sleep impairment is associated with decreases   in thyroid hormones and increases in cortisol and dysregulation of eating so if somebody’s hungry   all the time but they’ve got a low mood and you know they present with depressive symptoms we   may want to look at what’s going on and could it is a factor contributing to this is sleep   um but any of these things could also contribute to problems with sleep estrogen and testosterone, imbalances can cause depression or anxiety like symptoms and thyroid hormone imbalances can also   cause depression and anxiety-like symptoms so the the take-home message is this stuff is stinkin   complicated but what we know is everything is intimately interconnected so we don’t   want to just start by saying well it sounds like you’ve got this and try to pigeonhole everybody   into one particular causation we need to understand what’s going on with them and since   we can’t measure brain neurochemicals to figure out exactly which one’s out of whack that’s where   the part art comes into psychology as part art and part science okay so are there any questions you I think you’re all probably feeling like me when after I wrote this I worked on research for about   20 hours and I was all but drooling at myself by the end I was like really I tackled a pretty   deep subject for an hour and you may need to go back and look at the presentation to kind   of make all the connections and connect the dots as it applies to your clients but let’s   see thinking about autism symptoms and these issues and body functions and hormones yeah   I mean certainly autism is correlated and I’m pretty ignorant as to the neurophysiology of   autism but I would think that there’s a strong correlation with the neurotransmitters so I   would look at other systems to see if there are something that’s going offline that may be   contributing to the neuro neurotransmitter imbalance when symptoms are exacerbated which makes me think you know again I don’t know as much I don’t know   much about autism but when a client begins stemming I’m wondering if those impulsive   behaviors mean there’s high levels of anxiety at that point so I’m   wondering what’s happening with the stress response system in the GABA feedback loop I would love after you guys kind of digest this and stuff if you have any   thoughts reactions connections I would love to hear back from you I’ll put   my email and other than that have a wonderful amazing weekend and I will see you on Tuesday if you enjoy this podcast please like and subscribe either in your podcast player or   on YouTube you can attend and participate in our live webinars with doctor Snipes by   subscribing at all CEUs comm slash counselor toolbox this episode has   been brought to you in part by all CEUs com providing 24/7 multimedia continuing   education and pre-certification training to counselors therapists and nurses since 2006 used coupon code consular toolbox to get a 20% discount on your order this monthAs found on YouTubeHuman Synthesys Studio It’s Never Been Easier To Create Human Spokesperson Videos. 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Best Practices for Anxiety Treatment | Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

this episode was pre-recorded as part of a live continuing   education webinar on-demand CEUs are still available for this presentation   AllCEUs.com/Anxiety-CEU I’d like to welcome everybody to today’s presentation on best practices for the   treatment of anxiety I am your host, Dr. Dawn Elise Snipes now not too long ago we did a presentation on strengths-based biopsychosocial   approaches to addressing anxiety while those are wonderful you know I thought maybe   we ought to look at you know what’re some of the current research so I went into PubMed which is   I don’t know it’s a playground for me it’s where you find a lot of journal articles and you   can sort I sorted by articles that were done and meta-analyses that were done within   the past five years so that gives us an idea about current research I mean there’s a lot   of stuff that is still the same like some of the medications that were known to work ten   years ago are still known to be you know good first-line treatments but there are also some   newcomers that we’ll talk about and there are also, some changes that we’re going to talk about so we’re going to explore some common causes for anxiety symptoms to treat, we need to and of course, this does play into the biopsychosocial aspect we need to   understand kind of what causes it because anxiety that’s caused by for example somebody having a   racing heart may be different than anxiety that’s caused for somebody who has abandonment issues so   we’re gonna treat the two things differently so we want to look at some of the common causes we’re   gonna look at some common triggers for anxiety Do you know what are some of these common themes that   we see in practice I will ask you to share some of the themes that you see that underline   or underlie a lot of your client’s anxiety and identify current best practices for anxiety   management including counseling interventions medications physical interventions and supportive   treatments so we care because anxiety can be debilitating and a lot of our clients   have anxiety a lot of our clients have anxiety comorbid with depression and they’re looking at   us going how can I feel anxious and stressed out and like I can’t sit still and be depressed at the   same time you know when you’re depressed you’re supposed to want to sleep well a lot of times   people who have both issues want to sleep but they can’t so I want to help clients   understand that also sometimes anxiety when people are anxious for long enough the body   starts kind of holding on to the cortisol the body recognizes at a certain point this is a   losing battle I’m not going to put energy into this anymore so it starts withdrawing some of   its excitatory neurotransmitters so to speak and people will start to feel depressed the   brain has already said this is hopeless this is you’re helpless to change the situation so   then people start feeling hopeless and helpless which is sort of the definition if you will of   depression low-grade chronic stress and anxiety arose energy and people’s ability to concentrate   so if we’re going to help them become their uber selves we need to help them figure out how to   address anxiety not just generalized overwhelming debilitating anxiety but also panic social anxiety   and those minor anxiety triggers that come along that may not meet the threshold for diagnosis   anxiety is a major trigger for addiction relapse if you have a client who is self-medicated before   or had an addiction for some reason anxiety is a major trigger increased physical pain when anxiety   goes up people tend to tense their muscles when they tense their muscles they tend to feel more   pain I mean think about when you’re stressed you tend to have more pain like in your neck your   back and things that already hurt may hurt more why because serotonin which is one of our major   anti-anxiety neurotransmitters is also one of our major pain modulators so when serotonin levels are   too low because anxiety is high then our pain perception is going to be more acute and people   can have sleep problems if they’re stressed out your body thinks there’s a threat you’re not   going to be able to get into that deep restful sleep you may have you may sleep a lot but it’s probably not quality sleep which means your neurotransmitters may get out of whack   your hormones make it out of whack and your body is going to start perceiving yourself in a   persistent state of stress when you’re exhausted the body knows that we may be the weakest link   in the herd so it continues to secrete cortisol to keep you on alert a little bit so you   may again you may be resting kind of like when you have a new baby at home those first couple   of months that my children were home from the the hospital I slept but I didn’t sleep well I mean   the slightest little noise and I was awake and I was looking around and you know I felt it I felt   exhausted and a lot of new parents do so triggers for anxiety abandonment and rejection and we’re   going to talk about ways we might want to deal with these things but some of the underlying   themes that I’ve seen in a lot of clients and when I do the research and a lot of what themes that   come out include low self-esteem if someone has low self-esteem they’re looking to be externally   validated oftentimes they’re looking for somebody else to tell them you’re lovable you’re okay so   that can lead to anxiety about not having people to tell them you’re okay which makes   their relationships tenuous and can make them dysfunctional irrational thoughts and cognitive   distortions may lead people to believe that if I’m not perfect for example I am not lovable so we’re   going to look at some irrational thoughts and cognitive distortions unhealthy social supports   and relationships when you’re in a relationship it takes two to tango and even if your client is   relatively mentally and physically healthy if they are in a dysfunctional relationship they can fear   abandonment and rejection if that other person is always saying if you don’t do X I’m going   to leave you or if that other person is always cheating on them or whatever so relationships   can trigger abandonment anxiety and ineffective interpersonal skills can lead to relationship   turmoil and social exile if our clients are in relationships even if they’re not completely   dysfunctional if our clients are not able to ask for what they need and set appropriate boundaries   and manage conflict effectively because conflict happens in every relationship then they may start   to argue more which may lead to fearing may lead to relationships ending in the past and them going   well every relationship I get into ends which means I must not be lovable so they start fearing   abandonment and rejection these are four areas that we can look at one more assessing clients   another issue is the unknown and loss of control a lot of times negative self-talk and cognitive   distortions can contribute to that if I don’t have control of everything then it’s all going to be a   disaster negative others when clients hang out or when people hang out with negative people it   kind of wears on you after a while you notice that people who tend to be more negative   pessimistic conspiracy-minded tend to hang out with people who are also negatively pessimistic and   conspiracy-minded so if you’re hanging out with somebody who tends to be anxious then the anxiety   can be palpable and it can kind of permeate physical complaints can lead people to be   anxious because they don’t know what’s causing it like I said earlier sometimes if your heart starts   to race if you don’t know what’s causing it for you can start thinking I’m having a heart attack or   I’m gonna die when people have panic attacks for the example they truly think they’re having a heart   attack and it’s I’ve had them they are very very unpleasant experiences but when people   start having physical complaints and it can be you know they have a weird rash that they can’t get to   go away or whatever but when they don’t know what it is and they can’t control it they can’t   make it go away they start thinking about all the worst-case scenarios and going online and   getting on WebMD which usually gives you all the worst-case scenarios um so physical complaints   are important we need to normalize the fact that nobody’s pain-free all the time and you know the   fact that you may have an ache or a pain or a lump or a bump or you know a cough most likely you know   when we look at probability the probability of it being something significant is pretty small now   do you want to get it checked out probably but you know the probability that is anything to be   worried about is relatively small and a sense of powerlessness can trigger fear of the unknown   and loss of control for somebody who doesn’t feel like they have any agency in their life   if they have an external locus of control or if they felt victimized all of their life then   they may fear not being in control they may be holding on and saying okay this is the one area   of my life I can control when I grew up you know I grew up in a very chaotic environment I had no   control I was bounced around in the foster system yadda yadda yadda now that I’m an adult you know I   can control these things and I am going to hold on with white knuckles and if I can’t control   everything then that terrifies me to death and loss are other triggers for anxiety and it can   be people or pets and pets are important I don’t want to minimize pets because you know they are   little parts of a lot of our families so making sure we check that my daughter’s dog for example   is it’s getting old she’s getting older she’s 14 now I think and you know she’s in decent health   we took her to the vet and the vet said yeah she’s got a little heart murmur but that’s expected for   a 14-year-old dog and but when she goes out if she doesn’t come back when I call her I have this rush   of anxiety for a second oh my gosh I hope this wasn’t the day so anxious around losing people   and you know if she when she crosses the bridge she will and you know I’m okay with that I’m   I have a harder time dealing with my daughter’s emotional turmoil when that happens and because   she’s grown up with this dog so you know those are the types of things that we want to talk about   with our clients what things are weighing on you that you may not even be thinking about because I   know in the back of my mind there’s always that worry about one of our donkeys and her dog jobs   and promotions can trigger anxiety if people are afraid they’re gonna lose their job if they’re   always afraid that you know they’re gonna walk in and get a pink slip or get fired you know we want   to help them look at how realistic they are you doing what you need to do to achieve   and keep your job and sometimes it’s not easy to the answer I mean the first thought that a lot of us   have is well you know if you’re doing the right a thing so just do it but there are those bosses   out there and I’ve had some amazing bosses a lot of them and I’ve had two horrendous   bosses and those two bosses I could never I never felt like I was able to do anything right   and so going to those jobs there was always this anxiety about what I’m what am I going to get in   trouble for today so you want to talk with people about does your job cause anxiety what can you   do to moderate that anxiety the same thing with promotions people may get anxious about whether   they’re going to get promoted to safety and security you know when you lose safety and security you can   feel anxious so if there’s a break-in at the house next door or shooting down the road   or you start watching the news you can feel very unsafe and insecure quickly so we want to   help people figure out how safe and secure are you really and a lot of it goes back to looking   at facts when people lose their dreams and hopes or fear that they’re going to lose their dreams   and hopes they can start to get anxious you know they have this dream that they’re going to be   a doctor or I just finished the presentation on helping high school students transition to college   and a lot of high school students for example start college with these wide eyes and hopes   to save the world and they want to be doctors and engineers and this and that and they get   into it and they realize that it’s a lot harder then they thought or they realize that you know   what I don’t like this but I’ve already committed to it so what do I do I want to help   people but I can’t I can’t cut it doing this you know for me I figured out in my second year that   I wasn’t going to medical school because I wasn’t going to pass calculus and that caused a lot of   anxiety it was like okay what am I gonna do now Do you know what career should I choose to help people figure out do they have dreams that have maybe kind of crashed and burned and you have to   find new ones you know okay that one we’ve got to accept it figure out that it’s not going to be and   what can you do now people may also have dreams about relationships they get into relationships   and see themselves with this person forever and then this relationship ends and or starts to   get rocky and they’re like but that’s my dream what happens if that’s got to happen because   it’s my dream I don’t know how to function if that goes away we want to help people be able to   rewrite their narrative and then sickness spiders and other phobias kind of go in with death a lot   of times when people get sick they start getting anxious that oh my gosh what if this is terminal   oh my gosh what if this is you know incurable if I get bit by a spider it’s gonna kill me and   which is rare you know there are very few spiders that is actually that poisonous same thing with   snakes going over bridges I’ve shared with you all that is not one of my irrational fears you know I   am just terrified that you know something’s going to happen and I’m going to get pushed off the side   of the bridge which is completely irrational but we need to help people look at those and identify   the thoughts that they’re telling themself about those phobias and dealing with that anxiety failure   is another –trigger for anxiety especially in this culture our culture American culture is large part puts a high premium on success and perfectionism so when people realize that   they’re not perfect they may start to get anxious because they feel like if I’m not perfect then I’m   a failure you know those cognitive distortions of all-or-nothing thinking and they start with that   negative self-talk you know you can’t do anything right so those are some of the issues that you   know we often see in counseling sessions so what do we do you know somebody comes in and is like   I can’t live this way doc anxiety depression and substance disorders as well as a range of physical   disorders are often comorbid so this is the first the thing we need to realize is that   we’re very rarely dealing with a very simple the diagnosis you know when somebody comes in we need   to figure out you know if they come in and they’re presenting with depression all right let’s talk   about that and then we start realizing that there depression started to occur after a long period   of being anxious okay so we need to deal with that but we also need to help them   with their sense of hopelessness and helplessness we need to develop that sense of empowerment and   then substance disorders we know that substance use is often a way of self-medicating but we also   know that it monkeys with the neurochemicals in the brain and can contribute to anxiety and   depression the same thing to physical issues pain from physical disorders anxiety about having   physical disorders medications you’re taking for physical disorders can all contribute to anxiety   so we need to look at the person as a whole and go what are all the things that are contributing to   the anxiety and what are all the things that the anxiety is contributing to so we have started having this big list of stuff that needs to be addressed and then we can start figuring out okay   where we start so knowing that these things are comorbid helps researchers explore pathways   to mental disorders so they can start figuring out you know what little string can we pull to   unravel this blanket of anxiety so it doesn’t suffocate somebody and for us, as clinicians, it   provides us key opportunities to intervene in you know sometimes clients will come in and start talking about their anxiety and their physical issues you   know maybe their anxieties about you know heart palpitations and because that’s a common one we   may want to encourage them to go see the doctor to get that ruled out you know rule out anything that   has to do with hormone imbalances or you know heart conditions or anything else that might be   contributing to it which can help them address it and if they do have physical disorders let’s   go with hormone imbalances that are contributing to the heart palpitations then they can start to   treat that if they don’t start to treat that then no amount of talk therapy we do is going to get   them to the quality of life that they’re looking for because they’re still gonna feel those so   we want to make sure that we’re addressing them holistically anxiety disorders should be treated   with psychological therapy pharmacy therapy or a combination of both and what they found and this   is no surprise this is kind of old news is that counseling Plus pharmacotherapy tends to have the   best outcomes but separating the two have similar outcomes in many cases but that’s just   looking at and I hate to call it simple anxiety but we’re just looking at anxiety symptoms here   we’re not looking at the full quality of life and we want to make sure that we’re also including any   medical issues behavioral therapy is regarded as the psychotherapy with the highest level   of evidence, there are a variety of cognitive behavioral approaches ranging from acceptance   and commitment therapy to dialectical behavior therapy to CBT to debt you know any of those that   deal with the thoughts and the cognitions that fall in that realm and it is effective in the current conceptualization of the etiology of anxiety disorders includes an interaction of   psychosocial factors such as childhood adversity or stressful events and a genetic vulnerability   so the psychosocial factors and these are other things when we do our assessment we want to pay   attention to because our approach to treatment is going to be different for people for example   who have trauma-related brain changes maybe then for somebody who doesn’t so, we want to   look at childhood adversity and stressful events that it may have caused basically what I tell clients is like rewiring of the brain there are trauma-related brain changes in soldiers and   especially in children or in people who’ve been exposed to extreme trauma that is designed to   protect them but it also can cause complications kind of later on in dealing with anxiety coping   skills that were learned that are ineffective you know sometimes people grow up in a household or an   environment or a situation where they don’t learn effective coping skills so we need to kind of help   them unlearn those and learn new ones build on their strengths and trauma issues that may still   need to be dealt with such as domestic violence you know if they grew up a lot around a lot of   domestic violence they may think you know I’m out of that situation it’s over I don’t want to   think about it it’s not bothering me anymore or a parental absence and I put absence because it can   be death it can be a parent that just packed up and left it could be a child that got put up for   adoption whatever put the child in a position of feeling like they were rejected by a parent can   be very traumatic and bullying among other things but there are a lot of trauma issues that people   once they’re out of that situation often say you know I’m out of it it’s not a big deal I dealt   with it let’s move on and they don’t realize the full ramifications and how that’s contributing to   their current anxiety and their current self-talk and cognitions of current stressors if somebody has   a lot of current stressors that are also going to impact whether they develop generalized anxiety   you know we’re kind of stacking the deck here and the current availability of social support if they   don’t have effective current social support then they’re gonna have difficulty bearing the weight   of everything on their shoulders so we want to look at all these psychosocial factors when   we do our assessment now going back to the trauma issues if you’ve taken the trauma courses at   all CEUs you know that some people are not ready to acknowledge that the trauma is still bothering   them or work on the trauma and that’s okay we can educate them that it might be an issue and   then let them choose how to address it but we want to bear in mind the fact that you   know this could be sort of an underlying force motivating some of the current cognitions and genetic vulnerability so you take any three people and you put them or 300 people and you   put them through roughly the same psychosocial situations they’re all probably going to react   a little bit differently based on their prior experiences but also because of their genetic   makeup there are certain permutations and they found four we’ll talk about later that make the   brain more or less responsive to stress and more or less responsive to serotonin which   is your calming chemical so brains that are less responsive to serotonin isn’t going to you know   send out as much or send out serotonin as easily so people can stay kind of tensed and wired that’s an oversimplified explanation but that’s all you need for right now so genetic   vulnerability impacts people’s susceptibility to the effects and development of dependence   on certain substances which can increase anxiety when people are detoxing from alcohol when they’re   detoxing from benzos when they’re detoxing from opiates they can feel high levels of anxiety when   they take opiates some people find that opiates have wonderful anti-anxiety properties not that   I am advocating for the use of opiates I’m just client experiences have shown that that   can be true so some people are going to be more susceptible to the anti-anxiety effects   of certain substances and some people are going to be Cerrone to become dependent on substances   where others may not and that part of that is genetic vulnerability and they estimate about   30% the predictability of the development of anxiety disorders is genetic and genetics   also impact which medications are effective if you have genetic makeup then SSRIs might   be helpful if you have genetic makeup be then atypical antipsychotics may be more effective   and SSRIs might not do anything which is why a lot of our clients get so frustrated because they know there’s no way to figure out exactly what I guess there is now that there’s genetic testing   out there but up until then it was harder to figure out which medications to start with and   most physicians matter of fact I don’t know of a single physician that starts by   saying well let’s do a genetic profile to see what med to start you out with most we’ll start with events as with an SSRI or some other anti-anxiety medication some sort of benzo   that’s been my experience so we may want to encourage clients to consider genetic   testing if they’re having difficulty finding a medication regime that works for them and they   are feeling like they have to have medication genetic vulnerability also affects what’s going   to make somebody more vulnerable now than all of you in class today you know thinking about sleep you   know sleep may not be a big deal for some of you I know people who can go days or weeks with four   or five hours of sleep and they feel fine it’s not a big deal, not me I need eight or nine hours   of sleep so genetically for whatever reason I am programmed to need a lot of sleep so when I don’t   get that much sleep I tend to be it tends to be harder for me to deal with life on life’s terms   and I know that that makes me more vulnerable to being irritable so genetic vulnerability affects   who can become addicted and affects what medications work best and affects what situations are going   to tend to make somebody more vulnerable to anxiety so our medications and I know the type   on here is small but we’re going to go through the first-line drugs are the SSRIs selective   serotonin reuptake inhibitors and SNRs is selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors   now the names are a little bit deceptive because selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors also   increase available serotonin but the mechanism of action is different the mechanism of action   for each SSRI is a little bit different as well which is why you can put somebody on Prozac and   they have an awful experience and you can put them on Zoloft and they have a much better experience like I said earlier a lot of the research pre five years ago had been done on medications and   Zoloft Paxil luvox Lexapro Celexa and their generics have all been found to be effective   at treating anxiety in certain people no one the medication works for everybody in the last five   years Effexor has come on the radar and it has been found effective according to the hamilton   rating scale for anxiety so that’s another one to consider if clients are not successful or getting   the treatment effect that they need for on some of the other medications obviously, none of us   probably are prescribers but we do need to educate clients about why the first drug or even the third   drug that the doc tries may not work so they don’t start feeling helpless and hopeless like   I said earlier there are at least four different genetic variations which are correlated with the   development of generalized anxiety disorder and different medications are more or less effective   depending on the genetic makeup of the person there’s a high mortality rate moving on to two   benzos the recommendation has switched to back off from the use of benzos now for   some doctors will prescribe an SSRI and for the first four weeks while the SSRI is building up   in the system they will also prescribe a benzo to be taken as needed to moderate the   anxiety and you know you could argue on either side of that, if somebody has a history of substance   use or substance dependence benzos are really a bad idea because they do have a high rate of   dependence but the other reasons that they are now cautioning against the use of benzodiazepines is   that there’s a higher mortality rate among benzo users compared with non-users there’s an increased   risk for dependence with use for more than six months and that’s a long time to be using benzo   and when we’re talking about dependence and six months we’re talking about somebody who uses it   like every four hours or every eight hours depending on your benzo every single day not   a PRN user if somebody’s using it at night to help them go to sleep or you know three or four   times a week when the anxiety gets high the risk of dependence is relatively low but a   lot of people with anxiety because if they find the right benzo makes them feel so much better   they may not want to be off of it and for a lot of people when that benzo reaches its half-life and   starts getting out of the system even more their anxiety spikes you know they have rebound anxiety   which they want to medicate with more benzos that’s gonna be an issue for them to discuss   with their doctor there’s also an increased risk of dementia identified in long-term benzodiazepine   users again this is for the people who use you know throughout the day every day for six months   or relatively every day for six months or more and it doesn’t matter if it’s you know we’re   talking about somebody who’s 65 or somebody who’s 35 who’s been using benzos for you know   six months a year two years the risk of later life dementia is greatly increased according   to the research benzodiazepines also don’t treat depression okay so if you’ve got somebody who has   concurrent anxiety and depression there’s a much higher suicide risk if they’re on benzodiazepines   so being aware and generally that suicide risk comes from overdosing on benzodiazepines but   not always other treatment options you know if the benzos aren’t something that people want to touch   you know they scare the living daylights out of me and SSRIs and SNRIs don’t seem to be working   then tricyclic antidepressants can be tried on those your older generation antidepressant Seroquel   is used a lot and there are some there’s some research that shows it can be effective   with anxiety like some of the antidepressants and depending on the person the benzos Seroquel can   make people very very very sleepy so you know it may not be the side effects of the Seroquel   the weight gain and the fatigue and you know sleepiness may be an unacceptable side effect for   some clients and boosts perón is the third option boost Barone works more like an anti-depressive   serotonin reuptake inhibitor and that it takes you know four weeks or so to kind of build up in   the system studies have shown that there’s really no long-term benefit to taking it but after six months   to eighteen months of use it has been shown to be effective in talking with clients a lot of   clients report that boost bar when they take it doesn’t necessarily help them stop being anxious   like a benzodiazepine does but it helps them not go from zero to 200 in 2.3 seconds it kind of you   know keeps them from having this gush of a freak out reaction every time something goes wrong which   a lot of clients report helps because they feel more stable throughout the day after remission   medication should be continued for six to twelve months and during that last six months first six   months keep it as is last six months you know they say that tapering is best it’s best not   to stop somebody cold turkey on any of these but it’s important for people once they’re   in remission to not just suddenly go okay I feel better I don’t need any of this anymore they need   to work into it and make sure they’ve developed the skills and tools that they need to deal with some of the anxiety that is going to happen in life so physical signs and symptoms   of anxiety may include fatigue irritability muscle tension or muscle aches try laying feeling twitchy   being easily startled trouble sleeping nausea diarrhea irritable bowel syndrome headaches so the   first thing we want to do with clients when we’re talking to them well second thing first thing is to say get a physical to let’s rule out physiological causes of this but we can also help clients   look at you know what might be causing these things that you can do to mitigate it what might   be contributing to your fatigue what might be contributing to your irritability and your muscle   tension or your muscle aches I mean let’s look at economics did you recently get a new bed or do you   need to get a new bed what about your desk chair I know you know I get more muscle tension and muscle   achy when I do a lot of mousing because I have deplorable posture being becoming aware of that   helps and then I’m like okay well I know it caused unfortunately, it’s unpleasant but it’s not a   big deal trembling or feeling twitchy you know that can be caused by low blood sugar that can   be caused anxiety that can also be caused by early onset Parkinson’s symptoms you know   there’s you know it can be worst case scenario or it can be something benign so we want   to have people figure out you know when you start trembling or feeling twitchy is there something   that it’s related to you know I know when my son gets excited he’s he just sits there   and you can see him almost shake because he’s so excited about something so we want to have people prevent misidentification we don’t want them to jump to that worst-case scenario we don’t   want them to go onto WebMD and go oh my gosh I’ve got cancer I’ve got this debilitating disease and   I’m going to die in six months probabilistic Lee speaking it’s not gonna happen yes get a doctor’s   opinion I’m certainly not going to tell them it’s all in your head I want them to get an   evaluation but I do want to in the meantime help them think about how likely is   this and other things for headaches and this is one another one of those that can be frustrating   as we get older our eyesight starts to go and you know there was a period there I did fine   and then after I hit 45 my eyesight just started to like steadily and kind of rapidly in my mind   decline so I have to get my eyeglass prescription changed every couple of years and that can cause   headaches so instead of starting to worry about oh my gosh I’ve got a headache all the time   maybe I’ve got a brain tumor you know I know that it’s probably my glasses or I’m grinding my   teeth so other biological interventions that have been evaluated there’s something called   the floatation rest system that reduced environmental stimulation therapy reduces sensory input into   the nervous system through the act of floating supine which is on your back in a pool of water   saturated with Epsom salt you know I’m looking at this going sounds good and you can’t   quite get the same experience in a bathtub because you’re not floating you’ve got pressure points and   you’re still hearing stuff clients can sort of simulate it with you know earplugs or whatever   but it’s if they can access this it’s been shown to be effective the float experience is   calibrated so that sensory signals from visual auditory olfactory gustatory thermal tactile or   tactile vestibular gravitational and preceptive channels are minimized which means you don’t see   here taste touch smell feel nothing as is most movement and speech so you want people to lay just   like completely motionless and not talk which can be hard for some people with anxiety in the study   the study I looked at fifty participants reported significant reductions in stress muscle   tension pain depression and negative effects and it was accompanied by significant improvement in mood   characterized by increases in relaxation happiness and well-being I read the study I’m like where can   I sign up you know it sounds in looking at some of the research this was more effective for   addressing anxiety than something like a massage Tai Chi also produced significant reductions in   anxiety there was approximately a 20% treatment effect 25% treatment effect in patients with   anxiety and fibromyalgia who practiced twice a week for a year now you know we want to look at   the confounding things here is it the Tai Chi itself or is it learning to control the muscles   and becoming more in tune with your body and learning to control your breathing helps   people reduce their anxiety either way you know Tai Chi helps people do that and it was shown that   after a year after the first six months, there was a significant treatment effect but after a year   you know it kept growing and after a year it was about 25% so Tai Chi can be effective acupuncture at the HT 7 median Meridian can attenuate anxiety-like behavior induced by   withdrawal from chronic morphine treatment through the meditation of the GABA receptor system   what does that mean that means if you if the acupuncture is done in very certain places the anxiety behavior the GABA a receptor system GABA is your main calming relaxation   neurochemical that is triggered and causes your body to sort of flood that receptor system and   this research was done on people who were detoxing from morphine treatment but we can look at   generalizing the results and I would be interested to see further studies on it pain other things we   need to do to help people with anxiety when people are in chronic pain they often have anxiety that   oh my gosh this is getting worse or it’s never gonna get better or I just can’t take this pain   anymore or they may get anxious that they’re going to be rejected because they can’t do some of the   things they used to do because they’re in so much pain so there’s a lot of guilt and anxiety that   can kind of revolve around pain what can we do to help clients guided imagery is generally very   helpful if we can help them imagine you know if that pain in their shoulder imagine the pain is   like the color red flowing out of their arm or other focus mindfulness so you know when you   think about something you know when you get a shot if I don’t think about it it doesn’t hurt near as   much as if the nurse says okay now one two three and you know she’s counting down and I’m getting   prepared and I’m focused on it I had another nurse one time who she was just talking   to me and you know put the alcohol on my arm and just kept on talking and didn’t tell me she was   getting ready to give me a shot and before I knew it she had given me a shot and she was like okay   we’re done I’m like you didn’t give me a shot yet she said yes I did it’s like oh so not focusing   on it and next time you have an itch for example if you’ve ever been driving on the interstate and   you can reach on your foot I get those on the bottom of my foot sometimes and I’m like okay   I’m not going to pull over to each my foot if you focus on something besides the itch eventually it   goes away I’m not saying the pain is gonna completely go away but the more people focus on it the more   it hurts physical therapy can help so encourage them to get a referral and encourage them to do a   self-evaluation if nothing else of ergonomics in their car at work where they watch TV and spend   most of their time at home and they’re sleeping so those are the four places that they spend most   of their time what do their ergonomics look like and that can help a lot of people mitigate   a lot of pain hormones are another thing that we need to look at imbalances of estrogen and   testosterone can contribute to anxiety symptoms heart palpitations fatigue irritability having   people get a physical we can’t as clinicians do anything about it but doctors can rapid heart   weight rate sweating palpitations are not uncommon in women in perimenopause or menopause so a lot   of women start feeling like they’re developing generalized anxiety and/or something’s going wrong   when they start reaching that mid-40s to mid-50s area and they start having some of these symptoms   again we’re not going to diagnose it but we do want them to recognize that it may not be anything   you know is catastrophic this is something that a a lot of women experience and help them figure out   how to deal with that supportive care biologically now you know this isn’t gonna treat anything but   we can help them minimize their vulnerabilities help them create a sleep routine so their brain   and body can rebalance this can help repair any adrenal issues that may be going on and improve   energy levels people with anxiety don’t sleep well so helping them figure out how to get some quality   sleep is important nutrition minimizing caffeine and other stimulants are going to be a big help   because those make people feel anxious and encourage them to work with a nutritionist to try to prevent   spikes and drops in blood sugar which can trigger the stress response when your blood sugar goes way   up or way down you can start getting kind of shaky and feel weird and that can cause people anxiety   because they might think oh my gosh I’m having a stroke or a heart attack or you know I don’t know   what these tremors are so it’s important that they don’t miss identify symptoms and encourage   them to drink enough water dehydration can lead to toxic Ardea which is increased heart rate   sunlight vitamin D deficiency is implicated in both depression and anxiety mood issues   vitamin D has been found in those main areas where serotonin receptors are found vitamin D receptors   are found so we know the serotonin and vitamin D have something going on sunlight prompts the skin   to tell the brain to produce neurotransmitters and set circadian rhythms which impact the release of   serotonin your calming neurochemical melatonin which is made from breaking down serotonin and helps you sleep and GABA so sunlight actually helps increase the release of GABA when it’s   time to start calming down and going to sleep exercise studies have shown that exercise can   have a relaxing effect and encourage clients to start slowly there’s not a whole lot of new research   on exercise and anxiety aromatherapy has been used a lot, especially in other countries in   the treatment of people with anxiety people with hospital anxiety people women who are giving birth   and they have some birth anxiety there they’ve been found to be effective in a lot of   those studies essential oils for anxiety include lavender rose Bedevere ylang ylang bergamot   chamomile frankincense and Clary sage encourage clients to just go to a health food store and   you know sniff some of these and see if it makes them feel happy and calm and content the aromatherapy   molecules enter the nasal membranes and they will start triggering neurochemical reactions   and so you don’t need to apply it you don’t need to ingest it all you need to do is so encourage   clients if they’re open to it to think about this because aromatherapy can be integrated into their bedroom for example with an atomizer or a Mr.It can be incorporated in a lot of different places   again where they’re not applying it or ingesting it in any way all they’re doing is smelling it   they’ve used it in defusing aromatherapy in hospital emergency rooms and they found that it   reduces stress and irritability the people in emergency rooms and I’ve been to enough emergency   rooms over the years to know that people who are in ers typically are not in the   best mood so if it can help those people then it’s probably going to have some sort of an   effect so psychologically helping clients realize that their body thinks there’s a threat for some   reason that’s why it triggered the threat response a system which is what they call anxiety so they   need to figure out why is there a threat you know sometimes it’s like the fire alarm going   off in my house it just means that the windows are open and there’s a strong breeze there is no fire   there is no problem there’s just a malfunction it’s a false alarm a lot of times clients get this threat reaction they get this stress reaction and it’s not a big deal right now so they   can start modifying what their brain responds to and again those basic fears that a lot of people   worry about failure rejection loss of control the unknown and death and loss distress tolerance is   one of those cognitive interventions that have taken center stage in anxiety research and   it isn’t about controlling your anxiety you know helping people recognize their anxiety acknowledge   it and say okay I’m anxious it is what it is how can I improve the next moment instead of   saying I’m anxious I shouldn’t be anxious I hate being anxious and slang with that anxiety let it   go just accept it is what it is have the client learn to start saying I am feeling anxious okay so   distract don’t react because I explain to them the whole notion of feelings comes in the crest and goes out   in about 20 minutes it’s like a wave so once they acknowledge their feeling if they can distract   themselves for twenty or thirty minutes you know they figured out there was no real threat if they can distract themselves for twenty or thirty minutes those emotions can go down and then   they can deal with it in their wise mind and encourage them to use distancing techniques instead of   saying I am anxious or I am terrified or whatever have them say I am having the thought that this   is the worst thing in the world I am having the thought that I cannot handle this because thoughts   come and go and that comes from acceptance and commitment therapy functional analysis makes it   possible to specify where and when with what frequency with what intensity and under what circumstances   the anxious response is triggered so it’s important that we help clients develop the   ability to do functional analyses on their own so when they start feeling anxious they can stop and   say okay where am I what’s going on how intense is it what are the circumstances and they start trying to figure out what causes this for them so they can identify any common themes from   their psychoeducation about cognitive distortions and techniques to prevent those circumstances or   mitigate them can be provided so if the client knows that they get anxious before they go into   a meeting with their boss and it’s usually a high the intensity of anxiety okay so we can educate them and help them identify what fears may be related to techniques to slow their breathing and calm   their stress reaction and help them figure out times in the past when they’ve handled going in   and talking to their boss and it wasn’t the end of the world you know there’s lots of   different things we can do there for them there but the first key and it gives them a lot of   a huge sense of empowerment to start becoming detectives in their own life and going okay now   under what situations does this happen positive writing this was another cool study each   day for 30 days the experimental group and this was high school-aged youth in China but you know   the experimental group engaged in 20 minutes of writing about positive emotions they felt that   day so they’re writing about anything positive that make them happy that made them enthusiastic gave them hope whatever long-term expressive writing positive emotions so after 30 days it   appeared to help reduce test anxiety by helping they develop insight and use positive emotional words so it got them out of the habit of using the destruction and doom words and encouraged them   to get in the habit of looking at the positive things and being more optimistic it’s a cool activity that clients can try it’s not gonna hurt anything if you have them journal each day   for 30 days mindfulness also came up in the research and was shown to be effective in   a meta-analysis of six articles about mindfulness based stress reduction four about mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and three about fear of negative appraisal and emotion regulation was reviewed all of these showed that mindfulness was an effective strategy for the treatment of   mood and anxiety disorders and is an effective in therapy protocols with different structures   including virtual modalities so you know if you’re doing it via teleconference mindfulness can still   be helpful mindfulness helps people start learning how to observe what’s going on and become aware of   what’s going on more aware of those circumstances which will help them complete their functional   analysis but it also helps them become aware of vulnerabilities and head off things in the past   and if they’re taking better care of themselves that they’re living more mindfully then they may   not experience as many situations that trigger their anxiety mindfulness also encourages clients   to learn acceptance that radical acceptance of it is what it is I’m not gonna fight it I’m angry   right now I am anxious right now however I’m feeling right now is how I feel and that’s okay it’s hard for clients to get to that but once they get a hold of that and they truly believe it   and they can say all right it’s fine I’m not gonna feel this way forever I’m gonna do something else   until the feeling passes it helps and that’s where the labeling and letting go comes in mindfulness   can also help them identify trigger thoughts what thought were you having right before you   started feeling anxious if people are mindful or let’s start back when people are not mindful they   often notice or don’t notice that they’re getting anxious until they’re like super anxious   when people are mindful they become more aware of subtle cues address unhelpful thoughts when they   say or believe it’s a dire necessity for adults to be loved by significant others for almost   everything they do always running gonna happen why is it a necessity what we can encourage them   to do is concentrate on their self-respect on winning approval for practical purposes you   know for promotions or whatever but it’s not about me being lovable it’s about me getting a promotion   and making more money and focusing on loving rather than being loved because when we give   love we generally get love back with unhelpful thought number two people feel they aren’t able to stand   it if things are not the way they want them to be or are not in their control so encourage clients   to focus on the parts that are in their control and other things in life which are going well and   to which they’re committed number three misery is invariably externally caused and is forced   on us by outside people and events just by reading that makes me feel disempowered so encouraging   clients to focus on the fact that reactions such as misery or happiness are largely caused by the   view that people take of the conditions so if you see it as a tragedy and devastating then   it’s probably going to produce misery if you see it as an opportunity and a challenge it’s   probably going to produce a different emotional reaction, if something is or may be dangerous or fearsome people, should be upset and endlessly upset about obsessing about it a lot of   people with anxiety get stuck on this you know if I feel like it’s fearsome I need to worry about   it getting on a plane for example if I fear that that’s dangerous that I need to think about it   and worry about it that’s not going to do any good so encourage clients to figure out how to   face it and render it harmless if possible and when that’s not possible accept the inevitable   so looking at airplanes you know facing it means researching to figure out how dangerous   is it really and realizing that it’s not that dangerous so that helps render it a little   bit harmless in their mind it proves to them that it’s not as dangerous as it could be and when   it’s not possible accepting the inevitable you know you got a fly so getting on there figuring   out how you’re gonna get through it hurricanes are the same way people especially in places   like Texas Louisiana Florida may obsess as soon as it starts coming to hurricane season or if a   hurricane is spotted out in the Atlantic somewhere they start checking the weather every hour or more   wondering what the path is going to be and you know what there’s you can’t change the path of the   hurricane so all you can do is board up your house evacuate if necessary and deal with the fallout child driving is just another example I’ll give you know my children are learning how to drive and   that’s kind of scary and fearsome you know what’s gonna happen when they’re out there you know you   see crashes all the time well render it harmless by making sure they’ve got good training on how   to drive make sure they’re good drivers and then accepting that some things are just not within   my control it’s easier to avoid than face life difficulties and responsibilities well running   from fear is usually much harder in the long run so encourage clients to look back at times when they’ve avoided difficulties and responsibilities and the eventual outcome you know what happened   there people believe they should be thoroughly competent in achieving in all possible respects   or they will be isolated rejected and failures we need to encourage clients to accept themselves as   imperfect with human limitations and flaws and focus on what makes them loveable human being   what qualities like courage and intelligence and creativity and those things that can’t be taken   away what inherent qualities do they have that make them awesome people because something once   strongly affected people’s lives they should indefinitely fear it if you got lost you know   when little kids get lost it’s terrifying when you’re grown up if you get lost you turn on the   GPS and you figure out your way but some people still, you know freaked out about getting lost if   they got lost once so we want to help people look back at past episodes that may be contributing to   the current anxiety and compare the situation’s you know are you the same person or is this not   a big deal now that you’re older wiser stronger encourage them to learn from past experiences   but not be overly attached to or prejudiced by them yeah you could have maybe got lost in the   past and it was a horrible experience well you were six I can see where that would be terrifying   and a horrible experience but it doesn’t have to continue to impact you that way now when you’re   you know 26 getting lost you know could be an opportunity to try a new restaurant or something   people must have complete control over things well this doesn’t happen so encourage clients   to remember that the past and the future are uncontrollable we can’t change the past it is what   it is we can learn from it so it doesn’t repeat but we can’t change it and the future is largely   uncontrollable I mean there are a lot of things I can do to stay moving toward a rich and meaningful   life but life is going to throw me curveballs sometimes and there’s nothing I can do to plan for   or control that we can control our actions in the present to stay on our preferred path and general   develop general skills to deal with adversity should it arise so we want to help clients   develop those general problem-solving skills and the general support system so when they are thrown   a curveball you know it doesn’t knock them upside the head people have virtually no control over   their emotions and cannot help feeling disturbed by things well encourage them to think about the   fact that they have real control over destructive emotions if they choose to work at improving the   next moment and changing inaccurate thoughts then they’re not going to experience the destructive   emotions as intensely or as frequently when you feel an emotion you feel how you feel but again   you don’t have to wrestle with it fight it and nurture it you can say this is how I feel how   do I improve the next moment when it comes to cognitive distortions encourage them to find   alternatives when they start to personalize things if somebody laughs when you walk out of the room   then the and the person starts getting anxious thinking oh they were making fun of me I wonder   what they thought I wonder if I had something stuck to the back of my dress and they start   getting all panicked about it that doesn’t do any good encouraging them to think you know what   our three alternate explanations that hadn’t but had nothing to do with you for why they laughed   magnification of the worst thing you know taking something and saying if this happens then it’s   going to be a catastrophe and minimization going along with that a lot of times when people magnify   and see a catastrophe they minimize not only their strengths and resources but all the   other stuff that they’ve got going for them all they’re seeing is this catastrophe so encouraging   them to focus on the facts of what is actually happening and what is the high probability   event and encourage them to get information and look at the broader picture you know yes you   got into a car crash and your car is totaled and that is unfortunate you know it sucks but   you know that is not going to cause you to lose your job and then become homeless and penniless   and yadda-yadda it might cause your insurance to go up but okay so you don’t have a car but what   are the resources that you have who can who do you work with that might be able to give you a   ride to work you know let’s look at the resources you have and work around so problem-solving helps   with magnification and also focusing on you know let’s be grateful for what didn’t happen you know   you could have been killed but you weren’t the car was totaled it’s replaceable all or nothing   thinking again have them think about what else could have been happening like Brittney suggested   finding the exceptions instead of saying she always does this look for exceptions when has   she not done that what else has she done instead of this selective abstraction and filtering is   when people look for the good the bad and the ugly a selective abstraction means you kind of   see what you expect to see so if you expect something to be devastating you see only the   devastating aspects of it which kind of goes with the magnification and minimization you filter out   the stuff a lot of times when people are in a bad mood or are anxious they see the negative because   that’s the state of mind they’re in so encouraging people to complete the picture alright there’s   all this bad stuff now what’s the good stuff you know to encourage them to look at the good the bad   and the ugly so they get a wide view of exactly what’s going on and encourage them to remember   that hindsight is twenty-twenty when people have something embarrassing happens or they get anxious   about something that happened they look back and they go I should have or I could have or oh I   wish I wouldn’t have when you were in that the situation you did what you did and you know   maybe you may have had a reason for it or you know you may have not had other options or it may have   just been a bonehead thing to do but okay so you made one mistake hindsight is 2020 that’s gonna   that mistake is gonna stand out just like the great big letter on the eye chart because you’re   thinking back and you’re looking at it and that’s all you see but encouraging clients to remember   that other people are too busy worrying about themselves to remember what they did jumping   to conclusions encourages clients to remember to get all the data if your significant other male   significant other comes home and is smelling like perfume don’t just jump to the conclusion that he   was cheating on you maybe he went to the mall to get a new tie and walked through the   perfume area and got spritzed or bought you some perfume or who knows maybe the person sitting next   to him at work sprayed her perfume on the desk and some of it filtered on there are all different   reasons that that might happen so encourage people to get all the data mind reading we can’t do it   you know you can’t read somebody’s mind you don’t know what they’re thinking so ask them what you think about this don’t assume anything and emotional reasoning encourages people to step back   from a situation and ask themselves am I feeling anxious about this because I’m feeling anxious and   I’m looking for reasons that it should be scary or am I feeling anxious about this because it’s   really scary for some reason there are facts support my anxiety a lot of times when we go into   new situations we may feel anxious because it’s a new situation but when we step back we say you   know what there’s nothing to be worried about here you know no big deal I got this and   move on so instead of rolling with it and trying to figure out okay I feel anxious so there must   be a reason not necessarily very likely a false alarm other psychological interventions relaxation   skills encourage people to learn how to relax not only physically but mentally diaphragmatic   breathing helps encourage them to breathe through their stomach and put their hand on their   belly and feel their belly expand and contract slows breathing down which triggers the rest and digestion reaction in the brain which is calming meditation can be helpful for some people some   people find trying to quiet their minds too frustrating because they’ve got too much   monkey mind going on that can be later or maybe never for some people, we don’t want to increase   their anxiety with interventions cute progressive muscular relaxation also has a lot of research   support and remembers with cute progressive muscular relaxation we’re Sakura get them   to attach a cue AK you word like relax or breathe with the relaxation response so they tense their   muscles and then relax their muscles and as they relax their muscles they say their “quack”-word   like relaxed and they work from head to toe or from toe to head tensing and relaxing different   muscle groups so they become more aware of what a tense muscle feels like versus a reactive relaxed   muscle there are great scripts that are online that people have already recorded that can walk   people walk clients through CPM are I highly encourage it because once they get used to it   then they can just think that cue they can think relax and as they exhale they will start to feel   their entire body kind of relaxing because it’s trained when it hears that just like when you hear   the word pop quiz when you were in high school you had a stress reaction well we want to use   it in reverse and train the body so that when it hears a cue word relaxes helps them develop   self-esteem because fear of failure and rejection a lot of times come from needing other people’s   approval to help them develop a rational idea of their real self develops compassion self-talk   instead of saying I’m an idiot or I’m stupid or I’ll never measure up to anything encourage them   to talk to themself like they would talk to their child or hopefully their best friend and encourage   them to spotlight strengths whenever they feel like they’ve got an imperfection to identify these   three strengths that they have so they’re you know balancing out the imperfections and the strengths of cognitive restructuring reframes challenges in terms of current strengths, not past weaknesses   so if you’re going to give a presentation in front of 60 people and you hate public speaking instead   of thinking about you know this is terrifying because the last time I went up in front of people   I forgot everything I was going to say and drop my note cards well that’s a past weakness what   is your current strength you’re prepared to know the material you ‘yoyo’ so encourage people   to look at all the strengths and resources they currently, have them develop an attitude of   gratitude and optimism because as I said with that the positive writing exercise when people   are in a grateful optimistic frame of mind they tend to see more of the good stuff they see the   bad stuff too but they can also see more of the good stuff and some of the bad stuff they see   opportunistically instead of as a devastation acceptance and commitment therapy says that some of the reasons that we’re miserable are fear we get fused with our thoughts we think I   am terrified well if I am terrified then I can’t I mean if I am I can’t get rid of anything I am   if I’m having the thought that I’m terrified well I can get rid of a thought I can forget   things easily encourage people to evaluate their experience and empower them to look at things as   challenges and opportunities instead of hardships encourage them not to avoid their experiences so   things that are scary gradual exposure and finding exceptions like for me bridges you   know I love public speaking so that’s not a thing but when I go to a bridge you know when   I Drive to the bridge you know when I’m on the bridge somebody else is driving I get used to   doing that when I Drive over a bridge than when I Drive over one of those bridges that open up   I hate those bridges um I know y’all are just like oh my gosh yeah it’s an irrational fear I realize   that but instead of going straight for the bridge that opens up going for the little bridges first   and then thinking back over times that I’ve gone over bridges and there’s been no problem you know there are exceptions nothing happened it wasn’t a big deal sometimes I didn’t even notice it until   somebody pointed out hey look down there at that pretty water and I’m like oh we’re on a bridge so   encourage people to not avoid their experiences get used to them embrace them and learn that they   have the power to deal with them and stop reason giving for the behavior you know use the challenging   questions if something is fearsome let’s look for at the evidence for and against it instead   of you know making excuses for social interventions improve their relationship with their self which   goes with self-esteem improvement people are going to feel less anxious about getting their needs and   wants to be met if they know what their needs and wants are so part of that is becoming mindful cuz a lot   of our clients don’t know what they need and want they just want to feel better but they don’t   know how they don’t know what they need to feel better so helping them identify their needs and   wants and encouraging them to be their own best friend you know when they get a promotion take themselves   out to dinner pat themselves on the back whatever it is don’t rely on other people to do it because   other people it’s not that they don’t care but other people are often very involved in thinking   about their stuff and they may not notice encourage them to develop a method of internal   validation so they can feel like they are all that ‘no bag of chips and they realize why they   are lovable human beings and they accept the the fact that everybody is not going to like them   and nobody is gonna like them all the time and that’s okay you know my kids don’t like me all   the time my husband doesn’t like me all the time I’m okay with that I know I can be challenging but   you know most of the time you know they like me and that’s okay and there are some people you   know who don’t like me at all and okay there’s nothing I can do about that helping our clients   develop an okayness with that helps relieve a lot of anxiety because a lot of people feel like they   have to be liked by everybody and if somebody doesn’t like them it’s like what did I do wrong   oh my gosh encourage them to develop healthily supportive relationships with good boundaries   develop assertiveness skills so they can ask for help when they need it anxiety a lot of times you   know that’s the body saying there’s a threat well if there’s a threat maybe you need some help you   know dealing with it so people need to be willing and able to ask for help and not feel like that’s   going to lead them to be rejected and allow them a certify this will allow them to say no to requests   again without feeling like that’s going to result in them being fully rejected describe the ideal   healthy supportive relationship and encourage them to separate the ideals from the reals you   know let’s look at if you had the best relationship what would it look like okay you know warden June   Cleaver we got that now how realistic is that you know let’s look at you know rephrasing this   a little bit so it’s less extreme you know warden June Cleaver never fought their kids were perfect   you know all those extreme words let’s look at what’s real what happens in real relationships encourages people to identify who would be a good partner in supportive relationships   I’m not meaning necessarily romantic I’m meaning friends and where they can be found you know where   would you find people that you could be friends with and encourage them to play through what it means when gaming cuz a lot of times again this goes with my reading you know what it means when your friend doesn’t return your text right away what does it mean when your friend cancels   dinner on Friday night what does it mean when you see where I’m going with this and a lot of   times clients with anxiety and rejection issues and low self-esteem will go to the worst-case   scenario so encourage them to go back to finding the exceptions what else could have been happening   what else could it be that caused this and it’s not about you so anxiety is a natural emotion that   serves a survival function excessive anxiety can develop from lack of sleep nutritional problems   neurochemical imbalances failure to develop adequate coping skills cognitive distortions low   self-esteem and a variety of another stuff recovery Ambala involves improving health behaviors making sure your body’s functioning and making the neurotransmitters it needs and you know release   them as needed to identify and build on current coping strategies address cognitive distortions   and develop a healthy supportive relationship with self and others if you enjoy this podcast please   like and subscribe either in your podcast player or on YouTube, you can attend and participate in our live webinars with dr.Snipes by subscribing at all CEUs comm slash counselor toolbox, this   episode has been brought to you in part by all CEUs calmly provide 24/7 multimedia continuing   education and pre-certification training to counselors therapists and nurses since 2006 have used coupon code consular toolbox to get a 20% discount on your order this month.As found on YouTubeAnimated Video Maker – Create Amazing Explainer Videos | VidToon™ #1 Top Video Animation Software To Make Explainer, Marketing, Animated Videos Online It’s EASIER, PRODUCTIVE, FASTER Get Commercial Rights INCLUDED when you act NOW Get Vidtoon™

10 Ways to Deal with Social Anxiety

 Welcome to happiness isn’t brain surgery with Dr. Snipes. This podcast was created to provide you the information and tools Doc Snipes gives her clients so that you too can start living happier. Our website DocSnipes.com has even more resources videos and handouts and even interactive sessions with Doc Snipes to help you apply what you learn. Go to DocSnipes.com to learn more. Hey everybody and Welcome to happiness isn’t brain surgery with Doc Snipes: Practical tools to improve your mood and quality of life. Tonight we’re talking about 10 ways to deal with social anxiety a lot of people have social anxiety and that’s basically having unreasonable fears that you know are kind of excessive when it comes to being in any kind of social situation some people have only social anxiety when they’ve got to do things like perform or public speaking or something like that other people have social anxiety when they have to go to work when they have to be in crowds they don’t like going to the shopping center or the mall where there are a lot of people around so depending on your level of social anxiety, some of these things may be helpful to help you work through and deal with your social anxiety the first is to minimize stimulants stimulants Reb you up anxiety Rebs you up when you take stimulants if you drink too much coffee you may feel anxious so if you’re drinking stimulants before you go into an anxiety-provoking situation you may miss attributing your anxiety about the social situation when in actuality it was the caffeine or the nicotine the other thing that you want to do is pay attention when you’re at some of these events that you’re minimizing your stimulants the other thing and I’ll you know this is not stimulant alcohol is technically a depressant but when alcohol starts to wear off about it 30 minutes after you drink your drink it starts to wear off and there’s an anxiety rebound with alcohol so if you have high anxiety if you have social anxiety drinking to quell that anxiety is probably not your best bet because in the end it’s gonna kind of backfire and bite you in the ass know your temperament not everybody likes being around big groups of people I draw energy from being around people so I love being around groups but my daughter on the other hand is much more of an introvert and she would prefer to be around you know two or three people at a time she gets exhausted when she has to be in big groups of people it doesn’t mean she’s got social anxiety so know what your preference is for being around people so when you’re developing your self-confidence when you’re developing your skills when you’re working through social anxiety you’re not putting yourself in situations that would stress you out anyway so know your temperament if you’re an introvert when you’re making your exposure hierarchy which we’re going to talk about it in a minute you’re gonna start with something like going out for coffee with a friend to Starbucks or maybe even having a friend over for coffee in your house depending on how bad your social anxiety is and then you’re gonna work up from there but if you are an introvert you’re never gonna be relaxed in a group of a large group of people so I just understanding the difference between being anxious and feeling like you’re gonna crawl out of your skin and be uncomfortable or have it be very draining to be in a large group of people who understand your temperament that’s part of it so you can say you know this is normal I am not the type of a person who likes to be in a large group of people so it’s going to take some preparation and it’s going to take a lot of energy but I can do it knowing your triggers different things trigger anxiety for different people some people have anxiety when they feel like they’re going to be evaluated so if they’re doing a presentation for their colleagues or their peers they’re more likely to be more anxious than if they’re say hanging out with five other parents at a kid’s play date or something some people have one of their triggers is authority figures I know whenever I had to present in front of the CEO or in front of my department chair or whoever gave me more anxiety than presenting even in front of a class of a hundred and fifty students so it’s kind of all about what your particular triggers are if the other trigger you might want to consider the situation you know if you feel like you are on stage if you feel like you are the center and everybody’s looking at you that’s probably going to be a lot more anxiety-provoking than if you are mixing and mingling with other people at a party so know what triggers your anxiety so thinking about how your social anxiety impacts your life what kinds of things can you not do or what kinds of things do you find are just terrifying to keep a list of all of those things starting with the things that only make you a little bit nervous about things that you would rather you know pull your eyebrows out then do and start at the beginning start with the things that only cause you a little bit of anxiety imagine them rehearsing and doing them in your mind see yourself going through them successfully for example a job interview or a first date imagine what it’s going to be like what the other a person is going to say how you’re going to respond and how it’s all going to go well just keep imagining that until you can imagine it or think about it and you don’t feel stressed than when you go in to do it it’s going to be a lot easier once you get past that first thing move on to the next thing that causes a little bit more anxiety all right start at the beginning again imagine doing it see yourself going all the way through maybe it’s doing a public speech see yourself getting dressed for it getting ready for walking out on stage and delivering the speech and seeing it go well you’re not going to see yourself tripping and falling you’re not going to see yourself stuttering and stammering or dropping all your note cards or anything those are the things the cat strophic thoughts that you have that are likely not going to happen I want you to imagine it going perfectly rehearse it in your mind until you can do it literally with your eyes closed then when you go out to do it, it’s going to be that much easier because you’ve already done it 20 times in your own head and been successful at it so just do it like you practiced keep a rational outlook a lot of times social anxiety is caused by catastrophic self-statements things that you tell yourself people are judging me they’re laughing at me people are gonna think I’m an idiot um whatever your thoughts are so keep a list what those thoughts are and write counter thoughts to the people are judging me well they may be but do you care so if people are judging me that’s on them if people are laughing at me well at least they’re laughing but in reality what other reasons could the people have had to be laughing what are three other explanations for why they might be laughing besides laughing at you so look at your catastrophic self statements like I told you before imagining that you’re going to go out on stage and you’re gonna walk out there you’re gonna trip over your own two feet and you’re gonna wipe out on the way to do this presentation and humiliate yourself well that’s pretty darn catastrophic so think about exactly what is going to happen what are you going to do and how rational how realistic how likely is it that all these things are gonna happen and you know if that is one of your fears watch the movie Miss Congeniality because she is going at as Miss America I think is who she’s trying to portray and she falls flat on her face and she just picks herself right back up and walks on and nobody thinks anything of it after that it’s not like a week later or 20 minutes later in the movie, people are still talking about her falling she did she over it and you know move past it when you make a big deal out of it when people start to think about it a little bit more practice breathing when we get stressed we tend to breathe more shallowly and more rapidly when you breathe slowly and deeply you’re triggering the relaxation response in your body it doesn’t mean you have to take those big giant deep breaths as you do at the doctor’s office or anything that’s overly dramas is it but focus on your breathing if you start feeling yourself getting an anxious breath in for a count of three hold for a count of three and breathe out for a count of three and you know again it doesn’t have to be noticeable that you’re doing it you can do it in a meeting and nobody will even know but if you can slow your breathing you’ll slow your heart rate and you’ll trigger the relaxation response to help you deal with your anxiety sometimes we’ve just got to suck it up and go through things that create a lot of anxiety for us I remember one place I worked once a month we would have to get up in front of all of our colleagues and all of the executives and give a report on how our department was doing I hated doing that I hated being up there giving this report not because of the content of the report I just hated being up there in front of everybody and it was no big deal but it would cause me a little bit of anxiety if I had to do it so distress tolerance techniques were always useful because it was an eight-hour meeting so it might be four hours of me sitting there anticipating going up and having to give my speech so what would I do during the four hours while I was waiting I would do activities I would listen to what other people were saying I would make notes I would sometimes go through clinical charts and sign off on documentation and not pay attention but you know I digress contributing so if you’re at a party you can’t do it in a meeting but if you’re at a party for example and used feeling anxious get up maybe help the hostess out or the host out in the kitchen go around pick up glasses pick up trash throw things away do something to be helpful to contribute so you’re not feeling like you’re having to sit there and be on the spot comparisons can help too you can just kind of blend back into the wall a little bit and compare how you’re doing to how other people are doing or how you’re doing to how you’ve done in the past because you’re probably doing better now than you did then trigger opposite emotions is another way of dealing with distress if you’re feeling anxious you know bring out the opposite tell a joke find something funny find a video or something that makes you laugh and share it with other people because that’ll make you start laughing and feel more relaxed and release endorphins you can also just push away some of those thoughts that keep coming into your head I’m gonna make a mistake I’m gonna say something stupid they’re judging me it’s gonna be awful just push those thoughts away and Do you know what no I can do this and I’m going to push through the final the thing you can do in this particular set of distress tolerance techniques is sensations focus on sensations some people have a rubber band that they snap on their wrists to kind of help them focus on something else some people wring their hands I don’t recommend that because you know that just kind of shows you’re anxious and keeps your anxiety going listening to loud music you can go into the bathroom and splash cold water on your face unless it’ll make your mascara run there are a variety of things you can do that you can also find go and find some coffee because coffee is hot and that focus on how the coffee feels in your hands when you’re holding the cup focus on the taste of the coffee that hot sensation will kind of distract you from other things that are going on so focus and we’re going to talk about one thing at a time in a minute another set of distress tolerance techniques that can help our imagery and we’ve talked about rehearsing it before you go to the party imagine what you’re going to do before you go to the mixer or your in-laws or wherever it is you’re going that’s potentially going to cause you anxiety imagine going through it and doing it successfully to find meaning in what you’re doing so sometimes you know maybe you’re going to your spouse’s holiday Christmas party and it’s like the last thing you want to do because you don’t like big crowds like that you don’t know anybody but find meaning in it why are you doing this is because it’s helpful to your spouse you’re providing support and you know maybe you can find somebody that has similar hobbies or something before you go if you’re going to your spouse’s Christmas party for example try to find out who might be at the party that shares similar hobbies and stuff I know my husband works with people who do organic gardening and who are kind of health-conscious I won’t say fanatical but health-conscious like I am and we like to use a lot of lentils and beans and cook in health healthy ways so identifying those people I can’t talk about what they do at work because that’s just way out of my wheelhouse and over my head but I can talk with them about these other things so I’m not just standing there looking around and feeling like I’m out of place so find meaning in what you’re doing and try to find connections and commonalities with other people before you go and then you know I can have I would have my spouse introduce me to one of the people that does organic gardening for example and then we could start talking once you get more comfortable then you’re going to feel more at ease walking up to people and going hey you know and striking up a conversation and finding out commonalities if you’ve got children a lot of other people have children so you can talk about your kids or if you’ve got pets you can talk about your pets your dog’s people love their dog’s prayer can help sometimes you just got to take a breath and say a prayer before you walk into that situation to kind of get you through and get you going practice relaxation if you’re feeling stressed just again don’t have to get out of your chair you don’t have to go anywhere but practice tensing and releasing your muscles clenching your fists and releasing your hands and feel the difference between tense and released and then tense kind of your whole upper body and you don’t have to do it like this because that’s obvious but you can kind of tense up a little bit and relax and feel the difference between stressed and relaxed and then when you do it one more time you tense and when you relaxed you feel all the stress just draining out of your body out of your fingertips so that’s a kind of guided relaxation to help you when you’re kind of on the spot one thing at a time when you’re in a the social situation there is a lot of input there is a lot of stimulus going around a lot of people focus on one thing at a time if you start getting overwhelmed if you’re at a party maybe you can go over and get something to eat and focus on talking to one person at a time or focusing on what you’re eating or you know find something that you can focus on so you’re not trying to keep up with everything that’s going on takes a mental vacation or a physical vacation sometimes you just got to excuse yourself and go to the bathroom and hide out for five minutes and that’s okay you know sometimes you need to go somewhere where you know nobody’s watching and you can take those good deep breaths and go you know I got this it’s gonna be okay I’m doing fine give yourself a pep talk look realistically over how the night’s gone and the majority of it has gone okay yeah they’re probably going to be some hiccups and Pho paws here and there and if there are that’s okay it happens to everybody nobody is perfect at their social interactions all the time and that’s okay but look over it realistically to realize that tonight is going okay it may not be going the way you had hoped it would but it’s going okay there’s nothing catastrophic ly wrong and remember that we are a lot more important in our minds than we are in anybody else’s mind so when we make a the mistake we will remember it for six months but other people probably forget it’s about sixty minutes later it’s just you know even if it’s something like you walked out of the bathroom and you had your dress tucked in the back your panties did that before trusting me not something I want to repeat but I would bet if I asked any of my staff now yes I did it at work about that incident they’d look at me and go no I don’t remember that I remember it because it was mortifying but nobody else cared they were passed it by the next day nobody thought anything about it so remember that a lot of stuff that seems huge and glaring to you is only because it happened to you and other people are so involved in their own life they probably didn’t notice or won’t remember that fear is an acronym standing for false evidence appearing real so always examine the evidence if something happens and you think it is the absolute worst thing in the world and you’re just gonna die how likely is it that that’s true is it the worst the thing in the world is people judging you so look at the evidence how do you know this is going on for certain and what are other explanations for what might be going on mentally rehearsing those stressful social situations get ready for it the job interview the first date and for some people even going to the doctor can be a stressful social situation because they get kind of a white coat syndrome where they don’t they’re afraid to speak up to their doctor, I found that if there is a certain set of things that you need to say like if you’re going in to talk to your boss or you’re going in to talk to your doctor sometimes it’s helpful to write down a list of the points that you want to cover with them or the symptoms that you’re having so you can go over it and make sure you get everything said and you don’t end up kind of getting shut down when I used to go have supervision with my boss you know I only got supervision for one hour once a week and that was if I was lucky so I would go in with a whole laundry list of things and it could be the stuff that I was upset about or having difficulty with and I could have a laundry list and just go through it and mark it off so I would make sure that I got everything said and I covered and we were on the same page by the end of the the meeting finally practice mindfulness and focus on your surroundings to know how you feel if you start feeling anxious a step back and ask yourself why am I anxious what do I need right now to feel calmer try to do this periodically so you don’t wait until your anxiety is off-the-charts focus on your surroundings look around to find places and little niches that you might feel comfortable maybe there’s somebody else sitting over in the corner and you can go sit down with them and chat maybe there’s an empty seat somewhere that you can just go sit down and take a breath or go out on if it’s a patio or a party maybe you can go out on the patio for a few minutes oftentimes there’s somebody sitting out on the patio trying to get a little peace so you can find a situation that’s less anxiety-provoking two little bonus things I’m going to tell you with social anxiety a lot of times people are afraid that they’re going to offend someone and these days it is so easy to offend people so what I tell my clients and my kids and what I try to remember myself is before I speak or when I’m talking to people if what I’m saying is true helpful important necessary and kind then you know there’s probably a good chance I won’t offend them look on your social media look at the comments people leave on other people’s posts and stuff and see if they meet these criteria true helpful important necessary and kind 90% of the time the answer is no well I won’t say that much about 50% of the time the the answer is no there are a lot of times people will just say nasty stuff that didn’t need to be said and that can be offensive but if you practice and focus on making sure what you say is true helpful important necessary and kind and if you’re following me that spells out think then the chances that you’re going to offend somebody are greatly reduced if the person still gets offended it’s probably more about them because you aren’t trying to offend them you weren’t trying to be hurtful you are trying to be helpful and kind therefore it may be more about their stuff whether they have an issue with you or they have an issue with something else that’s going on and you just happen to be kind of in the way it’s more about them you can’t control how they react to things it’s their responsibility if you’re being nice and they take it the wrong way and they get offended that’s their perception and they need to work on that the other bonus that I’ll tell you to take away is something I got from dr.Seuss and I love something he says about the judgment of those whose minds don’t matter and those who matter don’t mind so the people who matter in your life they’re going to be people judge you all the time that’s just the way humans are but those who mind what you do those who get offended those who judge you all the time they don’t matter the people who matter to you don’t mind if you make a mistake don’t mind if you’re not perfect they probably embrace all of your imperfections so before you approach a social situation remember not everybody’s gonna like you that’s just it’s not possible to have everybody like you so remember the wise words of dr. Seuss those whose minds don’t matter and those who matter don’t mind if you like this podcast subscribe to your favorite spot on your favorite podcast app join our Facebook group at docs nights comm / Facebook or join our community and access additional resources at Doc Snipes com you thanks for tuning in – happiness isn’t brain surgery with Doc’s knives our mission is to make practical tools for living the happiest life affordable and accessible to everyone we record the podcast during a Facebook live broadcast each week join us free at Doc’s 9.com slash Facebook or subscribe to the podcast on your favorite podcast player and remember Doc’s nights calm has even more resources Members Only videos handouts and workbooks to help you apply what you learn if you like this podcast and want to support the work we are doing for as little as 399 per month you can become a supporter at Doc’s nights comm slash join again thank you for joining us and let us know how we can help youAs found on YouTubeHi, My name is James Gordon 👻🗯 I’m going to share with you the system I used to permanently cure the depression that I struggled with for over 20 years. My approach is going to teach you how to get to the root of your struggle with depression, with NO drugs and NO expensive and endless therapy sessions. If you’re ready to get on the path to finally overcome your depression, I invite you to keep reading…

A Strengths Based Approach to Bipolar Disorder Treatment

 this episode was pre-recorded as part of a live continuing   education webinar on-demand, CEUs are still available for this presentation   through all CEUs register at all CEUs comm slash counselor toolbox I’d like to welcome everybody to today’s presentation on a strengths-based biopsychosocial   approach to recovery from bipolar disorder so we’re going to talk a little bit about   what bipolar is what causes it and how to mitigate it by helping people understand their   own bipolar because what triggers it for John may not trigger it for James help them identify   their warning signs because bipolar episodes just like depressive episodes and manic episodes   often don’t come from completely out of the blue if we look backward we can see where the   person was beginning to resume some unhealthy lifestyle habits that were making them   more vulnerable well look at the symptoms of depression and mania and real quickly   review bipolar one versus two and look at some co-occurring disorders and interventions another   thing I added to this presentation was a little a short piece on differential diagnosis because   I often see people who are diagnosed either only with bipolar when there’s also attention deficit   disorder present or they’re diagnosed with anxiety when it’s bipolar disorder so we’re going   to talk about how people might mistakenly diagnose one for the other and how to kind of try to ferret   that out a little bit one way is using the online assessment measures there’s another measure   we’re going to talk about in here too so we care because uncontrolled bipolar puts people at risk   for suicide addiction and addiction relapse you know even if somebody doesn’t have an addiction   when they are in a manic episode they can be more likely to engage in potentially self-injurious   behaviors, not for self-injury but just because they’re looking for even more of a   rush and when they’re in a depressive episode they can also be at risk for addictions because   they’re looking to feel better in some sort of the way so a lot of it we’re talking about well   with we’re talking about self-medication with mania we’re just talking about what they perceive   as something exciting and people are often in manic episodes engage in extreme risk-taking behavior   we don’t want our clients to go down any of these paths so we want to be aware of what might trigger   it and I don’t think I talk about it anywhere else in the presentation, it’s important to be   aware that for suicide when somebody is coming out of a depressive episode who somebody who’s   bipolar well or unipolar depression but when they’re coming out of the depressive episode   and they start having more energy is actually when they’re at greater risk of suicide than   when they’re at their absolute bottom not saying they’re safe at their absolute bottom but we don’t   want to get complacent when somebody starts feeling better and assume that they’re out   of the woods with poorly controlled bipolar disorder can leave people feeling hopeless and helpless   if they have bipolar one and they have at least a full-blown manic episode but maybe more they   may not mind that they may because it disrupts their life the depressive episodes tend to be   when patients usually present when they’ve got bipolar disorder so we want to look at what’s   going on with them and help them see how the bipolar disorder disrupts their life because   that can go a fair way to encouraging medication and treatment compliance well controlled bipolar   like well-controlled addiction helps a person feel happy optimistic motivated and energized the key   is helping them manage their vulnerabilities you now take care of their body so they have   enough energy to do things but also make sure that they get their medications right some of   the mood stabilizers can be flattened and make people feel more exhausted and it’s important   it’s vital that they openly communicate with their psychiatrist or physician about the medications if   they are if the side effects are so significant is impairing their quality of life which means   they’re likely to be medication non-compliance so we want to make sure that if they’re feeling too   flat that they talk it over with their medication provider bipolar disorder is a brain disorder you   know sometimes with like depression we can look for situational causes for anxiety we can look   for some situational causes we can look for some cognitive stuff we know in bipolar disorder something is going on in the brain that causes unusual shifts in mood energy activity levels   and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks many very successful let me go back to that so just to   be clear and generalized anxiety panic disorder depression they also can have a brain organic   component to them but not always sometimes you can have those from a situational cause whereas in bipolar disorder we know that there’s something that’s not quite right with the balance of the   neurotransmitters for most people with bipolar okay so who has bipolar lots of people you’d be   surprised Mel Gibson demi Lovato Axl Rose, Britney Spears Jean-Claude Van Damme Marc Vonnegut and   Amy Winehouse to name just a few that I came across you know doing some internet research   Lee Lee Thompson young and Robin Williams were also, both are quite successful and revered in their   fields despite if you want to call it losing their battle with bipolar so why do I bring   that up because a lot of times people when they are given a diagnosis of bipolar disorder feel   very isolated feel very unique and I want them to realize that there are a lot of really successful   awesome people who have bipolar disorder you know it once it’s managed then people can   live a stereotypical life I work hard to avoid the word normal because what’s normal for   one person may not be for another but we want to look at they can have a very high-quality active   life bipolar disorder is caused by imbalances and neurochemicals especially dopamine serotonin and   norepinephrine the imbalances could be genetic or triggered by sex hormone changes or stress hormone   changes so they may be at you know steady state but when there’s a particular stressor some sort   of change or you know other thing and it depends on the person, it can throw those neurotransmitters   out of balance enough that it causes either a manic episode hypomanic episode or a depressive   episode more than one in 50 adults are classified as having bipolar disorder in any 12 months so I encourage people when they’re walking around the store when they’re walking around the grocery   store when they’re at church when they are sitting in a meeting at work with you know 50 other people   at least one person in that group has bipolar disorder and or will be diagnosed with it in   the year I want them to recognize how common it is I want them to start looking around and   thinking when they’re driving down the road on rush-hour traffic you know every 50th car they   pass somebody in those 50 cars probably had bipolar disorder to help them realize again   it’s not us weird diagnosis is pretty doggone common among patients seen in primary   care settings for depressive and/or anxiety symptoms twenty to thirty percent are estimated   to have bipolar disorder a lot of times primary care physicians misdiagnosed bipolar disorder as   either generalized anxiety or unipolar depression so it’s you know eighty percent of the time   seventy eighty percent of the time they’re right but the other twenty to thirty percent you’ve got   this person who is going to continue to struggle and get frustrated because the treatments   for generalized anxiety and depression are generally, SSRIs and SSRIs can trigger mania so it can make the mood lability worse bipolar the disorder is still under-recognized primarily   due to misdiagnosis as unipolar depression and that’s not just in primary care that’s also in   you know our field because if we see somebody who has unipolar depression you know they may not have   had a manic episode yet likely they have but they may not have had a manic episode yet or they may   not report it or if it’s a hypomanic episode they may not note that as something problematic and yes diagnosis of mental health conditions is out of the scope for a lot of GPS and a lot   of them will tell you that a lot of them will say If you’ve been diagnosed before I can help you   continue your medication but there are so many nuances to psychological diagnosis I want   you to get an evaluation from a psychiatrist in order to better make sure that we’re getting you   started on the right path because nothing is more frustrating to somebody who is struggling   and again generally they present in a depressive episode nobody is nothing is more troubling for   somebody who’s presenting and struggling then getting on medication and not feeling like it’s   working is one of the things they see and I’m jumping ahead of me is when somebody who has bipolar   disorder is started on an SSRI one effect could be to set off a manic episode another effect could be   to have rapid improvement and you know it takes four to six weeks for the SSRIs to get in there but they tend to have rapid improvement in days unfortunately that improvement   doesn’t last and then  they tend to go back into a depressive episode and they start to feel even   more defeated I want clients to understand us if they start talking about that pattern where   they’ve been on antidepressants and it works for a little while but then it doesn’t anymore   you know that may just be the wrong medication for them, their case is not hopeless so we know   the symptoms of depression apathy feeling down empty hopeless low energy decreased activity   sleep changes worrying difficulty concentrating forgetting things a lot of changes in eating habits   and feeling tired or slowed down how is this different than Low Energy I’ve had clients ask   me this before and what I try to the way I try to differentiate is energy is your desire to get up   and do things and feel like you can when people are feeling tired or slowed down it almost feels   like they’ve got a 50-pound rucksack on their back or their arms and legs feel like they’re just lead   and it is exhausting to even get up and walk across the room go to the kitchen go outside so   there’s a difference there’s energy to do things and then there’s just feeling like you’re filled   with cement mania people feel very up high or elated now after people come out of a depressive   episode even unipolar depression there’s a period of mild very very mild euphoria and we don’t want   to mistake that for hypomania or mania they’re just feeling good they’re like oh my gosh I see   the Sun again I see colors how awesome is this and then you know it kind of levels out but you don’t   have a crash it’s just kind of a good and then a-ok contentment people in a manic episode   have a lot of energy and increased activity levels they often feel jumpy or wired you know like they   can’t settle down they want to sometimes but they can’t they’re wide awake and they’re just looking   for something to do they have trouble sleeping may talk fast about a lot of different   things so they’re jumping around and when we talk about ADHD in a minute, we’re going to talk more   about these symptoms they may agitate irritably or touchy not everybody who’s manic is in a good   mood so they can be manic but agitated they feel like their thoughts are going fast and think they can do a lot of things at once people especially in a hypomanic episode   often find themselves taking on three four five six projects and not being able to complete them   you know when they come out of their hypomanic In the episode, they’re like oh my gosh what did I get   myself into but there’s no sense of time in a manic or hypomanic episode and they can especially   in a manic episode engage in risky and reckless behavior so mixed bipolar includes symptoms of   both manic and depressive symptoms at the same time which can be confusing to clients   they’re up they feel like they’re wired but they have no their flat they have apathy and just   that lack of pleasure and anything they may feel very sad empty and hopeless and energized bipolar   one now that big difference is bipolar one has at At least one full-blown manic episode if there hasn’t   been one full-blown manic episode then we’re going to look for bipolar 2 where you have hypomania and   major depressive disorder bipolar one can have either major depressive disorder or persistent   depressive disorder so the big difference is if there’s a manic episode there they’re number one   bipolar one patients experienced depressive symptoms more than three times as frequently   as manic or hypomanic symptoms so yeah when they hit a manic or hypomanic period it’s not a wonder   they feel pretty good and they don’t want it to go away if they experienced it three times more   often bipolar 2 patients experience depressive symptoms approximately hold your horses   39 that’s not a mistake 39 times more often than hypomanic symptoms so people with bipolar 2 can   have 39 depressives before a manic episode now unfortunately, the body is not that consistent   where we can go okay 38 39 you’re due for a manic episode but we do know that both types of bipolar   depression are experienced a lot more frequently than mania or hypomania so a common misdiagnosis is generalized anxiety disorder how do you differentiate because some people when they get   anxious get revved up and they feel like they’re wired and they can’t sleep the   goal-directed activity and generalized anxiety the disorder is often related to an anxiety theme   like if they think that there’s a problem with their finances or if they’re you know whatever   they’re worried about their activities and their thoughts generally race in that direction they’re   not all over the place they’re pretty directed in more or less and their mood is often irritable and   energetic versus elated now again just because somebody is irritable doesn’t mean it’s the anxiety   we want to look specifically at what is causing the sleep disruption and what are the themes of   the thoughts that the person is having the racing thoughts because if you know something’s going bad   at work you hear there’s going to be layoffs somebody can get anxious and go well if   I get laid off then I’m going to lose my job if If I lose my job then I’m not going to be able to   pay the house payment and I’m dead a debt a debt it and go in this rapid cycle of catastrophe and   get themselves all worked up and then not sleep then they start trying to figure out okay what I need to do to make sure I can pay the house payment what do I need to do to make   sure I can do this so anxiety disorder pretty focused ADHD approximately 60 to 70 percent of   people with bipolar disorder also have ADHD and 20% of people with ADHD have bipolar disorder   so you can draw your own Venn diagram if you want the take-home message is we don’t want to   assume that they’re mutually exclusive because if you’ve got somebody with bipolar disorder you can   get that controlled but they’ve still got the ADHD symptoms going on over here they’re going to feel   often feel frustrated now what’s the difference people with ADHD often have a hyper focus that’s   one of the hallmarks this may happen on a deadline pressure or when wrapped up in a compelling book   project or video game and so you can you can see where there’s a trigger for it hyper focus may   cause a decreased need for sleep and look like increased goal-directed activity   but is often short-lived in people with ADHD who feel exhausted when the hyper-focus fades so we   want to look for number one was there something that triggered this hyper-focus could be a video   game could be an awesome book or even a Netflix marathon whatever it is and once   that hyper-focus faded did they feel exhausted if so we’re probably looking more towards ADHD   than bipolar a manic episode is independent of external circumstances you know it’s not where   somebody gets a project and it sends them into In a manic episode, there’s a lot less control and   predictability in people with bipolar disorder and people with bipolar often want to go to sleep   or relax but describe the feeling as if they can’t wind down which can go on for a week or more so   we’re looking at duration we’re looking at what triggers it if they report let’s go back to here   sometimes having manic episodes that there was no trigger and they lasted a long time but they   also report manic goal-directed activity under deadline pressure or you know they can have all   these symptoms which means you’re looking at ADHD and mania or bipolar disorder together potentially   in ADHD people often interrupt or talk too much without noticing because they miss social cues   or because they lose focus on the threads of a conversation because their minds going six   ways till Sunday I had a friend of mine one time who had ADHD she was in graduate school with me   and she gave a presentation on it one time and we were talking and she was presenting and as she was   presenting somebody started flicking the lights on and off and all of us were looking around at each   other going this is annoying and then a little while later you know 30 seconds or a minute later   somebody turned on the radio not loud but low in the background and we’re all looking at   each other and then she started doing something else after that oh she turned on a fan so the fan   was oscillating and blowing in our faces and and finally, she’s like is this annoying and we were   like yeah that’s annoying it’s hard to concentrate and she said this is what life   is like for somebody with ADHD many times because we have difficulty filtering out what’s important   to pay attention to and what’s not so we’re paying attention to everything so that made it a lot more   understandable to me which was helpful later when my son was diagnosed with ADHD because you know   it helped me tailor his learning environment so people with ADHD kind of get lost and they’re paying attention so much that they can miss the social cues people experiencing manic   bipolar episodes are often very aware that they’re changing topics quickly and sometimes randomly but   they feel powerless to stop or understand they’re quickly moving thoughts so they’re just trying   to keep you in the loop in everything and they may notice that you’re getting uncomfortable or   irritated or impatient but they don’t feel like they can stop racing thoughts you know all these   kind of go together but kind of not people with ADHD report racing thoughts that they can grasp   and appreciate but can’t necessarily express or record quickly enough think about the time you   got excited about something and you just had all these ideas whenever we get a new grant   that comes in I’m in charge of or I used to be in charge of writing the grant so I get the grant and   I’d read through and I start identifying all the different things that we could do to you   know get this grant and it would be hard for me to keep my pencil going fast enough to keep up with   my ideas and you know I don’t have an and you know that was perfectly normal but I was excited   and so my mind was racing people with ADHD can do this a lot you know not just because of a grant   coming in people with mania the racing thoughts flash by like a flock of birds overtaking them   so fast that their color and type are impossible to discern I loved this explanation because it’s just like you have this whole massive bird coming in and then going out and you didn’t have a chance   to even notice what they were people with with mania often feels that way they don’t can’t grab   any of those thoughts and hook on to them they’re just in and out so helping people differentiate to make sure that if they’ve got anxiety and bipolar if they’ve got anxiety and ADHD and bipolar bless   their hearts that were attending to all of their presenting symptoms and issues so what do they do   to treat bipolar well we’re going to get down into that in a minute sorry got ahead of myself things   that can trigger a bipolar episode medications antidepressants as I said can propel a patient   into mania captopril which is an ACE inhibitor something that’s used for high blood pressure can   also trigger a bipolar episode corticosteroids certain immunosuppressant medications levodopa   which increases dopamine you may see patients with schizophrenia or Parkinson’s taking web   dopa and methylphenidate or dexmethylphenidate which are ADHD medications all of these different   categories of medications can potentially trigger a bipolar so do they trigger it in every single   person no so that makes it even more difficult but it is important to be aware if somebody has   bipolar when they start taking medications that they need to be conscious and cognizant of   their symptoms so they can you know identify early onset of a depressive or a manic episode   circadian rhythm desynchronization can trigger or look like bipolar disorder hyperthyroidism can   look like a manic episode that means too much thyroid you know a lot of times we talk about   hypothyroidism and depression hyperthyroidism gets people to revved in children mania can be   misdiagnosed or look like oppositional defiant disorder and substance use both intoxication and   withdrawal but more specifically intoxication can also, look like mania or depression depending on   whether they’re taking stimulants or depressants so it’s important to make sure that the person   when they’re being assessed is substance-free Do you know what medications they’re on they’ve   had a physical to rule out any hormone causes the thyroid is a hormone and looks at their circadian   rhythms if they happen to be visually impaired that can cause problems in circadian rhythm if   they are shift workers that can cause problems with circadian rhythm so let’s make sure we don’t   label something as bipolar and start treating as such before we’ve ruled out everything else bipolar distinguishing factors and let’s see let me see if I can get that open for me right   now well anyway spontaneous hypomania premorbid affective temperament particularly hyper thymic   or cyclothymic so before somebody had an episode that they presented with do they have a history   of remembering dysthymic is feeling blue low unhappy hyper thymic is more elated and   cyclothymic is rapidly switching Moodle ability increased mental or physical energy even during   depressions family you know you know we talked about the mixed episode if there’s a   family history of bipolar disorder or a good response to lithium for unipolar depression   or bipolar that’s a risk factor or a hallmark that you might be dealing with bipolar in this   client if they have treatment-emergent hypomania mania or mixed States so as soon as they start   medication treatment generally SSRIs they have an uncharacteristically rapid response followed   by a crash again and or they have more than two failures on antidepressants now we want to look at what that means because antidepressants work differently for different people, somebody can be   on and I’m going to use the trade names here just because I don’t have all of the generics memorized   I’m not promoting any particular trade name but people could be on Lexapro or Paxil and feel like   they can’t wake up people can be on Prozac and feel like they’ve got more energy some people are   on Zoloft and don’t feel any energy change some people feel lousy but with antidepressants, we want   to look at what failure means did it fail to improve the mood or were the side effects so bad   that the person had to switch if this if it was the side effects that are not classified   as a failure because the person wasn’t able to stay on it long enough for that antidepressant   to get in their system now I do want you to see the mood disorders questionnaire, haha and that’s in this article here but there are three all of these questions that you can   have people just complete at assessment and it helps you identify if they’ve had a manic   or hypomanic episode so have there ever been a period of time when you are not your usual   self and you felt so good or hyper that people thought you are not the normal self you were so   irritable that you shouted at people or started fights you felt much more self-confident than   usual you got less sleep than usual and found you didn’t miss it you were much more   interested in sex than usual spending money got you or your family in trouble you know you can   go through all the rest of the questions and they identify yes or no to each of these once they do   that if they did check yes to more than one of the above have they ever happened during the same period if yes then again we’re probably looking at one of the bipolar and finally how much of a   problem did any of these cause for you and if it’s a minor problem then we may want to look for other   things this does not diagnose bipolar but it is an excellent screening instrument to give you an idea   about whether you need to look in that direction have clients keep a life chart ideally for three   to six months where they chart their sleep their dietary habits their exercise their life stressors   hormones for women and any bipolar symptoms that they’re having now when I have clients chart this   much I create a really simple fill in the blank a chart like for sleep number of hours did you   feel rested yes or no dietary habits I have them keep on their mobile device for exercise did you   exercise yes or no if so how much for how long you know really simple things so they can complete the   chart in under five minutes otherwise, they’re not going to do it for the bipolar symptoms I   have check blocks you know did you feel depressed did you have difficulty sleeping yada-yada so   it’s easy it’s very very simple for them to fill out and it’s also simple for me to evaluate when   I go through it encourages people to understand their bipolar because everybody’s presentation   is going to be a little bit different have them identify you know their cognitive patterns and negative thinking patterns that contribute to their depression and if so how do they handle   those in the past when they felt depressed how did they change their thinking or what they do to   help themself be a little bit more optimistic and also looking cognitively what if they got going   for them are they intelligent are they creative are they you know build on those if somebody is   creative you know I’m not so I it’s wonderful to see creative people but for somebody who’s creating one of the greatest things they can do to work with their depression is art therapy you   know it’s very therapeutic for a lot of people so find their strengths and use those to help   them resolve their current presenting symptoms physically encourage them to get adequate sleep to avoid opiate and sedative medications alcohol and any sort of over-the-counter herbs including Jen   Singh Sant Sami 5htp without talking to their the doctor first encourages them to eat a good diet   they may already be doing some of this so how much they change at one time it is gonna vary between   the person and what they’re motivated to change remind them not to change too much at once let’s   just do one or two things right now and then you can work on two more things once you have those   under underway situationally have them do a coping skills inventory to figure out how they cope when things get stressful and have them identify triggers for their bipolar that what   types of situations make you feel depressed what types of situations have you noticed might seem   to trigger a manic episode some people when they get stressed about something there’s that   anxiety it can the stress of that and having the HPA axis activated can trigger a manic episode for   them so encourage them to you know in their chart they’re going to be keeping track of what might be   contributing to triggering and mitigating bipolar symptoms so if they’re getting good sleep and eating   a decent diet their life stressors are pretty low and they’re not having any symptoms well we   know what they can do interpersonally have them identify supportive friends to help them learn about   interpersonal behaviors that trigger them and ways to deal with those interpersonal behaviors so if   when somebody tends to be in a manic episode or even in a depressive episode if they tend to be   irritable think about having them look at what behaviors trigger their irritability trigger   their anger and figure out a plan to deal with it to minimize the impact that being on   one end of the spectrum or the other mood wise might have on their relationships angers normal   irritability is normal don’t get me wrong but when somebody is in a depressive episode or a manic   episode that irritability can be intensified tenfold and people may be taken aback by it   environmentally encourage clients to look around their environments and look at what they can do to   make their environment cheerful calm and safe you know what that looks like for that particular   person those are things that they can do because it’s you know when you felt calm and safe before   what was different or what was the same what helps you feel cheerful we just recently had the inside   of the house repainted because it was time but I’ve always felt more cheerful, especially during   the winter and when there’s less sunlight when I have like a light yellow color on the walls like   straw not bright yellow and that helps me feel a little bit more cheerful which is in contrast to   all the black that I put in there but whatever it works for me and that’s how I feel comfortable in   my environment to encourage clients especially you know when they’re feeling like they’re   heading toward a depressive or manic episode to eliminate negativity from social media and television media you know if it stresses them out to watch the news do they have to watch the news   you know what will happen if they go for a month without watching the news and in their real-life environment encourage them to try to eliminate as much negativity as possible and that can   be altering how they deal with interpersonal relationships that can be looking around and   finding things that stress them out and addressing there are a lot of different things but we   want to look at it as biopsychosocial II Romania we still want to build on strengths and encourage   them to become aware of any medications they’re taking and how those medications affect them this   can include stimulants thyroid medications, Sammy and 5htp encourage them to avoid stimulants when   possible and don’t combine them with caffeine if they put ephedra for example in combination   with caffeine that used to be a common combination in pre-workout supplements that can get somebody revved up and so we want to make sure that they’re aware of the effect   not only on their body but the likelihood that could also trigger a mood episode have them identify warning signs and interventions sometimes like I said   that for people with bipolar disorder the depression and/or manic episode may seem   like it comes out of the blue and sometimes it may but 99% of the time when I’ve traced it   back with clients they weren’t taking good care of themselves they were either taking   on too much at work or they weren’t getting enough sleep or they weren’t eating well or   you know there had been something that had changed from when they were doing well and   they felt good too when they started feeling like they were heading down towards an episode some patients may try to identify triggers for manic episodes to increase those we   want to encourage them not to do that because that’s like driving your car with the RPMs up   at five indefinitely that’s not good for your the car eventually something Bad’s gonna happen   so we don’t want them to read themselves up that much we need to help them find that happy medium   where they’re content there are three or four on a scale of 1 to 5 and they’re feeling good   for some clients when they start feeling depressed they notice thinking changes and have difficulty   concentrating this is a warning sign you know they may not feel completely depressed yet but they may   be waking up in the morning going yeah not so sure I want to get out of it they may have low energy   changes in sleeping or eating irritability sadness negativity resentment withdrawal and   environmentally they may notice that they’re in the area becomes more disorganized or they may just   not be caring as much about personal hygiene as these are all things that they can identify early on and   say huh you know it looks like maybe I need to take a little bit better care of myself and it’s   hard for clients it’s hard for a lot of us to listen to our body and go okay I wanted   to do XYZ but my body is telling me that maybe I need to rest for mania warning signs can include   racing thoughts heightened creativity that’s one that for people to be aware of especially   if you’re dealing with somebody who’s naturally creative they may thrive during this period of   heightened creativity and get upset when you start suggesting that they may need to temper   that to stabilize their mood they’re gonna have to cut the top off the highs and raise   the bottom on the lows physically they may have difficulty sleeping or sitting still maybe may   feel elated excited irritable or thrill-seeking you may have some anger outbursts frustration   with others and environmentally what I’ve seen with patients especially with full-blown mania, it varies on what they do sometimes they are cleaning like crazy and other times it looks like   a whirlwind absolutely hit the room but so it’s usually extreme so treatment compliance we want   to encourage clients to do a decisional balance back exercise and I broke it down so it’s shorter   what are the benefits of eliminating depressive episodes if the person was no longer depressed how   would they feel emotionally mentally physically and how would it impact their family and friends   a lot of times that this one’s easy to fill out the drawbacks to eliminating depression are this can   be harder to fill out because they’re like well I’ll see any drawbacks okay we can leave that   for now sometimes patients come to the awareness that if they’re no longer depressed they may not   get as much attention and people may expect more of them which is anxiety provoking but this   area usually doesn’t have a whole bunch of stuff in it and then we want to ask them what are the   benefits of eliminating the mania emotionally mentally physically and socially this one’s a   little harder not as hard as the drawbacks to eliminating depression a lot of times clients   can see the benefits of eliminating the manic episodes because they don’t have the periods I   mean they have the highs and those are awesome but they don’t have the periods where they have   the lows and they don’t feel like they can do as much they don’t have the loss of time they don’t   kind of come out of it and realize that they’re completely overwhelmed because when they were in   the manic episode they took on 17 things so there are a lot of things that clients may identify as   benefits to eliminating the mania but we also want to talk about the drawbacks to eliminating   it because like I said for some people that’s when they’re their most creative and if they’re   a writer or an artist or a musician this may be the time when they are feeling like they’re uber   selves so they don’t want to get rid of it and it’s terrifying to them to think that they might   not be able to tap into what we can talk about ways to tap into their creativity when they’re   not manic and you know there are techniques that they can use it to get that focus that they   so desire but it depends on the person exactly what you’re going to use if we don’t address   all of these concerns about eliminating their mania treatment compliance is going to be lower   because people will just they’ll miss it they’ll miss it a lot and they’ll want to feel that high again so general techniques in clot ask clients how do you deal with it up until now when   you felt depressed what have you done this helped you feel better even for 10 minutes or an hour or   half a day you know maybe it didn’t work the whole time but or it helped you feel instead of feeling   just devastated you felt sad you know it helps you feel a little bit less intensely depressed   build on that ask them what they’re willing to do some clients are gonna look at you and go no I’m   not gonna do that keep your journal no not gonna do that okay so what are you   willing to do I tell my clients a lot of times I’m gonna suggest things that you may not think fit   for you or work for you or you’re not going to do well I’d rather you tell me number one that you’re   not going to do it and what I’m more concerned about is what you’re gonna do instead if   you don’t want to keep the journal okay how are we going to be able to notice changes and find   connections between your eating your sleeping your stress levels and your mood episodes you know   help me let’s figure out a way that we can we can do this and they may come up with something you   know I state what it is that I want to do or accomplish and why it’s important and I   say is there another way we can accomplish this when I work with clients and recovery sometimes   they don’t want to go to 12-step meetings okay if you’re not going to go then what are you gonna   do instead because you need to have some social support you need to have something to do besides sitting alone in your apartment from the time you get off work until the time you go to work the next   day because that’s a dangerous period encourage clients emotionally to practice mindfulness   because it does prevent episodes from sneaking up if they start feeling run down or tired or off you   know sometimes I hear that word I just feel off okay that’s when you need to stop and check in   with yourself and go what’s going on how do I feel what do I need and mindfulness also encourages   behaviors that prevent vulnerabilities when people check in with themselves they may say you know   what I’m really tired today I need to rest and that’s a good thing because it keeps them from   becoming vulnerable and potentially triggering an episode of stress reduction encourages clients   to identify and eliminate or mitigate stressors so what stressors do you have and they can write   them down on the list they can a lot of times if I’m doing an individual I’ll have somebody write   down on our big whiteboard all of their stressors and then we go through on one by one and say okay   can this one be eliminated if so how and the the client will start making a plan for how they’re   going to start eliminating stressors if there’s a a stressor that can’t be eliminated maybe they don’t   get along with their in-laws and periodically the in-laws come to visit or whatever okay well   you can’t eliminate that so how are you going to mitigate that stressor before your in-laws   come what can you do or may it be less stressful if you go to their house instead of them coming   to yours so we talk about different things we talk about time management because in those manic and   hypomanic episodes people can take on too much and then they feel a little overwhelmed when they’re   steady-state and they feel overwhelmed if they’re in a depressive episode I do want to   point out and I think most of us know this person don’t usually cycle from a manic to a depressive   to a manic like that they can have a depressive episode and then be asymptomatic for anything for   months and then have another depressive episode or a manic episode so it’s important to recognize   that most people who are bipolar don’t rapidly cycle and there are periods of remission or symptomatology in between cognitive processing therapy can also help people mitigate stressors   when they start feeling overwhelmed encouraging them to identify what thoughts they’re having   that are contributing to them feeling stressed or overwhelmed and then looking for the facts   for and against that thought if they’re feeling like they’ve got too much to do what are the   facts for it what are the facts against it if they do have too much to do then they need to   figure out how to address it but this helps keep people from getting stuck in emotional reasoning   where every time they feel stressed or they feel depressed or they feel anxious they think there’s   something to be dysphoric about encourage people to identify their anger management triggers they   differ for everyone they need to develop a plan for de-escalation and begin addressing their anger   triggers to maintain control of their energy they need to identify if driving in heavy traffic   stresses you out and makes you irritable and angry well ok how can you address those triggers maybe   driving a different way or maybe putting on your favorite music loud in the car or whatever   it is that you can do to mitigate that anger anger takes a lot of energy everybody everybody’s energy   is precious but people with bipolar disorder stress and excess energy drain can potentially   trigger an episode so we want to help them conserve their energy so yeah they’re gonna   get angry about some stuff but help them identify what’s worth getting angry about and using their   anger energy for and how to deal with the rest of it so they have more energy to enjoy the life   we’ve been talking about the negatives but let’s look at the positive they need to infuse happiness   have them make a list of what makes them happy and do more of it or be around it more encourage them   to schedule a belly laugh every day and there are Reddit forums there are YouTube videos there are   places they can go to get a good old belly laugh but it helps release endorphins and release some   of the calming neurotransmitters that have them keep a good things silver lining or gratitude journal   and it doesn’t have to be prose you can have them identify at the end of the day three things three   good things that happen that day or three things they’re grateful for or when things go bad they   say I got demoted at my job today alright well what’s the silver lining to that you didn’t get   fired and maybe have less responsibility now I don’t know but there are different ways you can   approach it but encouraging people to be cognizant and try to embrace the dialectics there’s going to   be bad in life but help them focus on the good to reduce dysphoria mentally address cognitive errors   all Arnon thinking focusing on only the positive or negative using feelings as facts and focusing   only on a small piece when something happens maybe you turned in a group project and your boss sent   it back and said uh no try again some people will take it very personally and focus only on the fact   that the boss sent it back with feedback instead okay it wasn’t just me participating in this   project so you know all of us need to contribute to it again and you know yes it was given back to   us but we get a second opportunity so it’s looking at a bigger piece of the puzzle encourage clients   to develop their self-esteem and view failures as lessons applaud courage and creativity   and nurture their inner child I have an inner the child my inner child comes out a lot more than   some people would like to admit or really like to see but that’s okay you know on Saturday   morning it is not uncommon for me to be watching cartoons in the living room my kids are teenagers   I can’t say I’m watching it with them anymore I like Yogi Bear I’m sorry I’m weird that way but   you know sometimes at the end of a long week of being serious and everything I just kind of need   to regress for you know half an hour two hours no encourage people to nurture their inner child and   don’t be afraid to be silly don’t be afraid to laugh or do something goofy physically increase   clients to exercise class to increase exercise it increases serotonin levels reduces stress   helps balance hormones and neurochemicals and may combat some medication side effects exercise   is anything that moves the body gardening cleaning going to the gym of course walking the dog playing   soccer with the kid anything like that so what is it that they like to do or at least they’re   willing to do nutrition provides the building blocks for the neurochemicals so people need   to have quality proteins and a nutritionist A friend of mine suggested always try to have   three colors on your plate at every meal and use a salad plate that is smaller instead of a dinner   plate because it tricks your brain into thinking that you’re getting more food as Americans we tend   to eat way more than we need and try to avoid mindless or comfort eating when people   start comfort eating a lot of times they’re not being mindful they’re eating to deal with stress   instead of acknowledging the stress and dealing with it so yeah they’re infusing themselves with   carbohydrates and fats and getting the serotonin and dopamine flowing but when all that goes away   whatever was causing the stress is probably still there so they’re either gonna have to   stress eat again or deal with it so encouraging people to be mindful of their eating sleep   helps the body repair and rebalance and sleep deprivation is known to trigger both manic and   depressive episodes too much sleep or sleeping at the wrong times can also mess up circadian   rhythms so keeping naps to a minimum of 45 minutes one time a day, if the person has to take a nap, is   important so they don’t get into that deep sleep and preferably try to avoid naps for most of a 15-minute power nap where you’re closing your eyes and you don’t ever completely   drift off has been shown to increase focus in the afternoon but naps where you’re laying down   and getting under the covers tend to mess up circadian rhythms, if people are on medication   for their bipolar which they probably will be have them work with their doctor to adjust the   dosages and dosage times to fit their schedule so if they have a medication that makes them feel sleepy maybe they take it right before dinner so it’s worn off completely by the time   they get up in the morning and it’ll be up to the person to work with their doctor I had one client   who took Seroquel and she ended up having to take it at 2:00 in the afternoon for it to be   out of her system enough where she felt alert when she woke up at 6 o’clock the next morning   so it’s gonna differ for different clients again encourage them to discuss any negative medication   side effects with their doctor and not to expect a pill to do everything you know the pill can help   stabilize the moods but if you’re taking this pill but then you’re still you know pulling the rug out   from under it by not sleeping and using cocaine or or whatever it’s likely the pill is just not going   to be able to do it all interpersonally support groups are really helpful to chat rooms if the person   is either in a rural area working shift work can’t get to an appropriate support group not all   communities have support groups that are embracing of all different types of people so it’s important   to recognize that even though there may be a support group the person that you’re working with may not   feel comfortable with the people that are in that the particular group so chat rooms can be helpful in   the know family and friends and I say in the know these are people who have to understand or have to   know that the person has bipolar disorder and be aware of their warning signs trigger their   symptoms which helps so they can be supportive and facilitative environmental clients can   explore things that improve their environment different pictures a temperature can also be   a big thing if you’re too cold or too hot it can make people irritable certain essential oils can   help increase energy such as peppermint rosemary or lemon calming essential oils if somebody tends   to have some anxiety going on lavender chamomile valerian Valerians kind of they say woody some   people think it stinks to high heaven some people love it catnip is the same way yes stuff you use   for your cats you can get it in essential oil and it’s a sedative type essential oil   for humans bergamot it’s a pretty mild smell rose is helpful rose geranium is a little bit   less expensive and frankincense is all supposed to help with calming so he’s hypomanic having   difficulty winding down anxious whatever some of these may help memory triggering include ginger   cloves cinnamon orange and jasmine which works for one person is not necessarily going to work for   another I mean there are studies out there that show certain essential oils have effectiveness at   anxiety reduction and depression improvement but it’s going to be up to that person and I   found that when a person smells something if it smells noxious to them then it’s probably not   something that they need if they smell valerian and they’re like oh my gosh that stinks okay   that’s not triggering what their brain needs their the brain knows what it needs I do the same thing with   my rescue animals you know I let them take a a good whiff of it and if they like it they’ll   stick around and they’ll sniff it some more if it’s not what they need then they’ll go somewhere   else I tried fur for our donkeys when we first got them into rescue I tried lavender because I   thought you know that’ll help them calm down they hated it they liked valerian so I learned that for   them they preferred that particular essential oil for whatever way it works in the   brain and encourage clients to visit a store that sells essential oils because they have testers and   they can sniff them to see which ones work for they and essential oils also smell different   from different manufacturers so it’s important again for them to figure out places that they can   get their essential oils and try to stick with the same company once they find one that works organization can help another thing that’s important for people with Bipolar is to   manage impulse items when they go into a manic or hypomanic episode especially and they’re prone to   engage in risk-taking behavior or less restrained behavior car keys need to be somewhere where maybe   they can’t access them if they’re known to go out and drag race or you know drive 100 miles an hour   just to see how it feels credit cards that’s a big one credit cards need to be somewhere some   of my clients will freeze their credit cards in a block of ice so they can’t get to them and they   can’t see the numbers to read them and put them in on the phone this can help prevent unrestrained spending, especially at 2:00 a.m. or something when the infomercials are on porn   sites if the client happens to have an attraction to porn sites having those blocked because it’s   really easy to get sucked into that same thing with video games and alcohol and other drugs   alcohol a lot of people have in their house so if this is a dangerous impulse item for somebody make sure they have it locked up somewhere so if they do and have a hypomanic or manic episode they   can’t drink the same thing with certain medications especially the benzos and the opiates if you can   keep it locked up somewhere all the better and during the day keep it light and bright try not   to be in an office where it’s dark some people can’t help it I mean if you’re a nurse   and you’re working in the neonatal intensive care unit it’s going to be dark most of the   time and there’s nothing you can do about that but if you can help it keep the lights on if you   don’t like fluorescent lights get lots of stand up lights that you can put around to keep it bright   so your brain knows that it’s time to be awake co-occurring disorders depression can co-occur   with bipolar I mean you can have part of bipolar is depression so when somebody is in depressive episode suicidality high-risk and addictive behaviors and self-medication we want   to shout for it just like we would for unipolar depression with mania we want to help the person   become aware and look out for explosive anger which can get them into legal trouble relationship   issues etc heightened libido which also can get them into legal trouble and relationship issues   etc and any other risk-taking that they do because when they’re in a manic episode is like they’re   this is a bad idea filter is completely turned off or it’s switched on the other way and as the let’s   try this filter so helping them understand that when they’re in that manic state it’s important to   have safeguards so that when they come out of it they haven’t done something that they’re going to end   up regretting or have to undo so bipolar is caused by neurochemical imbalances especially among   serotonin dopamine and norepinephrine the symptoms and presentation varies widely depending on the   person it’s more important to address each symptom then to address bipolar as a whole you know we   want to look at what symptoms this person presenting with and how can we help them manage   those the medication provider is going to be managing kind of the bipolar as a whole and trying   to stabilize the mood but we want to help them start addressing their symptoms so they   can feel as healthy happy healthy and productive as possible help them address each symptom identify   warning signs and eliminate or mitigate triggers and vulnerabilities remember that   treatment compliance is a huge issue because the mood stabilizers tend to flatten those highs and people   miss the most dangerous times for suicidal ideation and people with bipolar disorder are   when they’re coming out of a depressive episode or and I didn’t mention this before or during a   mixed episode remember mixed they can be depressed and have high energy both at the same time ensure   people with bipolar disorder have a crisis plan and people who interact with them daily who are   aware of their warning signs and symptoms because sometimes they’re not being mindful and most of   us are guilty of not being mindful all the time sometimes these symptoms can creep up so if they   have people they interact with daily who are in the know and can say you know John   it seems like you’re starting to destabilize a little bit then John can take a look at it people   with co-occurring addictions also need to be aware that a bipolar episode can trigger an addiction   relapse and vice versa so they need to be aware and have an extra-special relapse addiction   relapse prevention plan for when their mood symptoms arise if you haven’t already signed up   please remember that addiction and mental health counseling and Social Work continuing education   credits are available for this presentation and are accepted in most US states Canadian provinces   Great Britain Australia and South Africa go to all CEUs com counselor toolbox and click on the link counselor toolbox CEU spreadsheet to easily locate the course based on this presentation okay are there any questions now remember we’re not having class tomorrow but we’re having class on   Thursday and that is just chock-full of stuff that I’ve never actually presented   before so there is no repeat possible there oh and then next Tuesday we’re going to be   talking about enhancing social justice and why that’s important for recovery you As found on YouTubeAlzheimer’s Dementia Brain Health ➫➬ ꆛシ➫ I was losing my memory, focus – and my mind! And then… I got it all back again. Case study: Brian Thompson There’s nothing more terrifying than watching your brain health fail. You can feel it… but you can’t stop it.