– Hey Psych2Goers, welcome back. Think you've never experienced anxiety before? Well, you might not have realized it because people experience anxiety in different ways. Your idea of anxiety might not align with how you experience it. And you may not notice anxiety in someone who grapples with it privately. So, it's important to remember to always be kind because you can never know what others are struggling with when they're alone. If you're dealing with anxiety, know that you're not alone in facing these challenges. Anxiety is a normal part of life.
It alerts us to dangers and helps us prepare for a wide variety of situations. But according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM, anxiety becomes a disorder when it starts to impact daily functioning and different aspects of life. With that said, here are five things people with anxiety secretly do alone. Number one, overthink, overthink, and overthink. Anxiety disorders are characterized by excessive or disproportionate worry and fear that gets in the way of daily activities. It may not be as obvious to other people, but those who struggle with anxiety tend to overthink while in the presence of others and when alone. Many people who struggle with anxiety tend to dwell on negative thoughts about themselves and their past. They may replay these past events in their head over and over, trying to think of what they could have done differently.
And may also imagine possible future events to try and anticipate things that might go wrong. Two, confine themselves to their comfort zone. Everyone feels anxious now and then, but those struggling with an anxiety disorder constantly adjust their lives to cater to it. They may stick to activities that calm their racing thoughts, or engage in pursuits that allow them to avoid the things that make them feel anxious instead of choosing activities purely for fun or interest. Like re-watching the same shows over and over because they don't have to feel anxious anticipating what might happen next. Some people may not even be able to leave the house out of fear of being in places and situations where escape may be difficult.
Or they may struggle to leave the house without a certain person they're scared to lose. Three, withdraw from social interaction. Some people with anxiety may have a limited social life and turn down invites, not out of a lack of interest, but to stay home to calm certain worries and fears. In some cases, the person may seem uninterested in spending time with others due to a crippling fear of feeling humiliated, rejected, or looked down on in social interactions. People with anxiety may withdraw socially to cope with their fears and might avoid their phones or ignore or turn off their notifications to manage their feelings of anxiety, and then feel overwhelmed and anxious later when they see the backlog of messages. Number four, procrastinate or struggle to finish tasks. People with anxiety, especially high functioning anxiety, may seem like completely put together achievers, but they may also grapple with getting their work done when they're alone, because anxious thoughts may force them to procrastinate.
Anxiety also affects working memory, which makes it difficult to focus long enough to complete tasks. And so, they may then have to rush to get things done on time, adding extra stress. Then number five, tossing and turning in bed. Having anxiety doesn't immediately translate to nervous, jittery energy that others can easily detect. Someone with anxiety can seem calm and rested, when in reality, they might be tossing and turning at night, unable to fall asleep because of their anxious thoughts. If they do manage to get some sleep, they might be restless or riddled with nightmares about their anxieties. For example, those with separation anxiety disorder may have nightmares about being separated from their loved ones. Anxiety disorders are complex and varied, but remember that a certain level of anxiety is normal and anxiety disorders are those that cause significant distress or impairment in different areas of life.
If you or anyone you know, are struggling with an anxiety disorder, please don't hesitate to reach out to a qualified mental health care provider. Can you relate to any of these signs? Share with us in the comments and remember to like and share this video with someone who might benefit too. As always the references and studies used are listed in the description below. Until next time, take care friends..
As found on YouTube
When it comes to friends, quality is greater than quantity, Not everyone.’s idea of fun includes hanging out with a huge group of people or going to a party.It can be intimidating to be around a lot of people.You don’t know, And you’d – much rather prefer to spend time with a few close friends.The beauty of life is that no two experiences are the same, So there’s a friend out there for everyone, Even if you may be socially anxious.Five, it’s, not all in your head. Social anxiety can manifest as physical sensations for a lot of people.These symptoms are similar to feeling embarrassed, sweaty, hands, blushing hyperventilating, but can feel more intense and last longer.Facing social situations can potentially lead to panic attacks for some people, while others feel physically ill or faint.These physical symptoms may be scary, but they rarely are threatening to one’s immediate health Number.Six, you feel, like everyone is judging you When you’re socially anxious it can feel like you’re under a magnifying glass all the time.You feel overly conscious about yourself and project those worries onto other people about their perceptions of you, but just because you’re monitoring every detail about yourself, doesn’t mean everyone else is too In reality.People aren’t as focused on you, as you think, and they likely have their worries too And number seven.You are your harshest judge.When you’re socially anxious, you might find yourself comparing how you think act, or look to others.This self-criticism can seriously hurt your mental and emotional health and it’s important to treat yourself more kindly While it might feel like others, make connections more easily or have it so. Well, it’s important to remember that everyone is going through their things and they have worries and concerns.Just like you do.When it comes to social anxiety, it can be hard to interact with people or make friends when you’re overly worried.The truth is, though, there is no normal when it comes to being social.Everyone has their way of socializing with others, And you’ll find someone who you connect with on the same level.There’s nothing wrong with leaving early or spending another night at home with your dog.We hope you enjoyed this and found some comfort.What have your experiences been with social anxiety? Leave a comment down below to share your thoughts.If you enjoyed our video, please give it a like and subscribe to our channel for more content like this.Thanks for watching – and we’ll see you at the next one.
They’re just designed to make you feel different. But
feeling different isn’t safer at all, because you’re never in
actual danger from feeling anxious. Right? So you’re gonna
have to confront the reality behind that question. But how am
Did I suppose to surrender or accept? Well, look what those
questions mean. So next question is, what exposures can
I do get ready for dot dot dot, pick an event, a wedding, a
concert, a family vacation, something. And so in the end,
this is a simpler answer. You have to remember what exposures
are therefore, people think, or they get confused. And they
think, Well, I’m learning to drive on the highway. Again, I’m
learning to go shopping, I’m learning to stay home alone.
Again, you’re not learning to do anything. The
only thing that you’re learning to do, which is portable across
situations and challenges, and context is learning how to
get better at experiencing anxiety and fear. So we only do
exposures, do specific things like drive go for a walk or
stay home alone or eat food that you’re afraid of. So that
it will trigger that anxiety, we were intentionally triggering
anxiety, fear, uncomfort, discomfort, uncertainty, all of
those things were intentionally triggering them so that you can
practice feeling them and moving through them in a new way, a
the more productive way that ultimately teaches you that you
don’t have to save yourself from them. So if the exposure is not
to the event, the task, or the place where the food or
whatever the exposure is to the feelings, then every exposure is
an exposure that works for other things. Right? So if you’re
getting ready to go to, for instance, you’re going to a
concert all you got tickets to a concert, how can I expose myself
to that? I mean, yes, can you do things that sort of mimic a
concert? Yeah, that doesn’t hurt in any way. But remember, you’re
only you’re not afraid of the concert, you’re afraid of how
you will feel at the concert. So if you want to take a cruise
around the world get better at staying home alone for two
hours. That’s what I tell people all the time. If you want to go
back to work, then get better at walking around your block.
Because you’re really in the end, you’re learning a new way
to relate to anxiety across all contexts. And if you can
adopt this, then you don’t have to worry about specific
exposures for every single thing you might have to do in your
life, life gets a lot simpler that way. And your recovery
starts to become a little wider and more durable. So it’s really
important, like think about that. I’m only doing these
things because they trigger my anxiety, the anxiety, fear,
that’s the exposure, not the task or the place. So let’s move on to the question.
You know, in 10. I know which one I want to take, we’re on
seven right now. This question is what does this method work if
I have trauma too. So first of all, I always have to say this
is not a method like I’m not teaching them. This isn’t the
drew method. It’s not my method. I didn’t invent any
of this. These are just the principles of a cognitive
behavioral approach to anxiety disorders. So there are
parallels between anxiety disorder, recovery, and trauma
resolution, that’s 100% True, a lot of things will look the
same. If you’re working with a trauma resolution specialist,
some of the things that you would hear would sound a lot
like the things that I talked about, but they’re not
the same. And the issue here is, let’s assume that you do have a
traumatic background and you’ve experienced some traumatic
events in your life. And maybe that that trauma did spawn your
anxiety disorder that can happen. But then what I always
say is that one problem, the trauma has now become two
problems. You have trauma and an anxiety disorder. Right? So you
have to realize that it doesn’t mean that the anxiety disorder
doesn’t count because it’s only the trauma if you had one
problem now you have to That’s okay though, don’t freak out.
You can successfully deal with both of those issues. A lot of
people do, right? A lot of people do that work on both
fronts. But traumatic experiences do not mean that the
anxiety disorder doesn’t count, so some people are under
the assumption that like, well, this all sounds good, but
I have trauma. So what you’re saying doesn’t apply to me.
Okay, you may have trauma, and I’m very sorry for the things
that you’ve lived through. That’s possible. But in the end,
if you will have learned to be afraid of your heartbeat, or
your breath or you have learned to be afraid of, you
know, depersonalization or jelly legs, and you refuse to go out
of the house, or you are convinced that you have some
sort of health problem, and you will only eat foods as a
result. Maybe some trauma spawned that, but
But knowing about that trauma doesn’t help you become less
afraid of your heartbeat. Now you’re afraid of multiple
things. So maybe you are having, you know, you’re afraid of the
experience. But now you’re also afraid of yourself. So you
have to do both things. But of them, if two
problems, you can solve them both. So traumatic experience
can be a roadblock 100% to executing the recovery plan that
we’re always talking about here. It’s 100% true if you have
lived experiences that teach you that you are always unsafe, the
world is dangerous, you are weak, you’re not capable, you’re
stupid, and you’re not worthy of being better. trauma can do that
to you. And if you have those beliefs about yourself, because
of your past experiences, that can 100% present a roadblock to
doing the work that I was talking about, have to
acknowledge that and I always will always well never going to
invalidate that. So in that situation, you’re going to have
to work on that too, right? You’ll have to work on that.
It’s kind of hard. And this is different for everybody, right?
There’s no set answer to this on the other side. So in that
situation, you may find you have to do a little bit of work on
yourself before you can effectively do this recovery
work that I’m talking about. Some other people find
that their anxiety disorder is so bad, that they’re so wracked
with panic and irrational fear that they can’t do the
trauma work until they put out this fire. So some people have
to do this first and then go back to the past and do that
work. Some people can do it at the same time. It’s individual,
it depends. So there’s no set answer to this. But I can
tell you that you can recover from both trauma and
anxiety. And the things that I’m writing about which are
geared toward anxiety recovery can be effective while
you do that. It’s just a very individual situation. But please
don’t feel that since you have lived the traumatic background,
you can’t get better. That’s not true. That’s not fair. And I
understand why you might think that but it’s not true. You
can get better. It’s not easy. But there’s hope for you
too, I promise. So last few questions. This is a really
common one I’m accepting, why am I still anxious? So I might
argue that if you are asking why you’re still anxious, then
you’re not accepting. We can’t qualify for our acceptance.
I’m accepting. I’m accepting this, but I also want it gone.
Well, you can’t have both of those things. Think about that
for a second. I know it sounds a little bit glib and a little
silly. But think about it. There’s truth in there. I’m
accepting this, but I also don’t want to accept it, and I’m not
accepting it. I know you want your anxiety to go away,
but accepting and doing all the things we talked about. It’s not
a recipe for banishing it, right? If that’s why you’re
doing this like you are hoping that if you do the Claire weeks
acceptance or the Dru surrender, or the Josh Fletcher willful
tolerance, if I do this, then it will stop. You’re trying to skip
the part where you have to experience the anxiety and use
it as a classroom. It’s super important. So if you’re trying
to skip that, and you’re just hoping that okay, I except, wait
a minute, how come it hasn’t gone away? You’re missing the
whole process. And you’re going to wind up disappointed,
frustrated, and do and ask this question I don’t
understand. I’m accepting why isn’t gone away. So
expectations are important. Understanding the concepts of
recovery. Why are you accepting that is that the whole thing? Or is
it just part of it? That’s important, aiming at the right
target is important. So in this situation, I did episode 192 of
the podcast, which is linked in the show notes here, go listen
to that, that will probably help you. And this is related to
question number nine, which is, I’m doing my exposures. But it’s
not working. This is what you think you’re doing. I’m doing
all the things I’m doing exposures but not working. Why?
And there are a couple of common explanations for this. Number
one would be we’ll ask you a couple of questions. And this is
right at the show notes. Are you trying to do exposures without
being too afraid? Are you trying to do your exposures without
triggering high anxiety or panic? Are you only doing
exposures now and then when you’re forced to or when you’re
having a good day? Are you doing exposures while also using all
of your soothing and coping tools to calm you down if it
gets uncomfortable? These are all red flags as to why exposure
might not be working. So remember what I said a couple of
questions before the point of exposure are not doing the
task. The point of the exposure is experiencing the fear the
anxiety, the discomfort you want that you need that if you’re
trying to find ways to do your exposure tasks without feeling
that or minimizing it or soothing or calming it or making
it’s easier Don’t do the exposure, there’s no point in it. Because
you’re not, you’re not learning to drive again, you’re learning
how to get better at experiencing anxiety. So this is one of the
main reasons why people will say my exposures aren’t working
well, okay, but you’re not doing exposure, in some
cases, for a common mistake. The other thing would be that you
know, that you’re supposed to experience that experience,
panic, but you are still hanging on to those who escape
behaviors and those rituals. So some people get close to like
real exposure, I would say real exposure, but most effective
exposure, but they still hang on to like, well, there’s a line
that I just can’t cross with anxiety and panic. And when I
get close to that line, I will break out all of my copings
skills. And I will break out my, safety skills and my make it
go away skills. And that’s the response prevention part. So
we’ve talked about exposure and response prevention, ERP, which
is very commonly used in the OCD community, you hear ERP in that
community all the time, but even for all of the
anxiety disorders. Exposure is always ERP. So doing the things,
you’re doing the things, you’re intentionally triggering this
comfort, and you’re doing that without using your old
responses, your safety responses, and soothing responses, you’re
preventing those responses. So one of the reasons why
another key reason why exposure might not be working air quotes
for you is first of all, what does working mean? It doesn’t
mean to make it go away. Remember, it means teaching you how to get
better at being anxious. But why do you think it’s not working?
Well, one of the reasons is doing the exposure without doing
the response prevention. I’m out there driving on the highway,
but I’ve got my mints and my cold water and I got my radio
on, I’m calling and I’m talking to my friend or I bring my
husband or my girlfriend with me that that’s one good reason why
it might not be working. Right. So if you go to
anxious truth.com and just search for the word exposure,
you’ll see quite a few podcast episodes where we talked about
this in more detail. And then question 10 Final question for
the day. This is a big one. How do I deal with a setback? So
this is a such question I hear every single day and I the
word setback, I almost want to be stricken from the vocabulary.
Many times when people are in the recovery process, they
feel like they’re doing great because they’re not experiencing
anxiety or panic. Like they’re feeling good. That’s, that’s
awesome. We want everybody to feel good. I want you to feel
good to write, I want you to have good days. We all want to
have good days. Everybody deserves a good day. So when you
start to string good days together, and you’re feeling
pretty good. And it’s been a while since you had a panic
attack, or it’s been a while since you had those scary
thoughts or it’s been a while since you’ve had an
anxious day and then you have an anxious day or the thoughts come
back or you have a big panic attack one night. A lot of
people will say up, it’s a setback. That’s not a setback.
That’s not a setback, right? If the core principle of
recovery, is to learn that anxiety and panic are not
emergencies, then how is feeling that a setback, it’s no longer
an emergency, you are trying to learn that it’s not an
emergency, we do not declare it a special event. We don’t
retreat from it. So setback is usually a red flag word and it
indicates that you’re still insisting that the only
successful recovery is one year where you will never feel
anxious or panicky ever again. And if you’re trying to recover
to that degree, where you never you can guarantee that you never
panic or ever have another scary thought in your life.
You’re going to be disappointed and frustrated. So
setback is not feeling things. If you haven’t felt anxious for
two weeks, and then today you feel anxious. Well, your job
today is to move through those feelings and practice being
better at being anxious. That’s not a setback. That’s just life
happening. And that’s an opportunity to get even better.
Like we want it we get to the end of the road to recovery
when we don’t care if we’re anxious or not. And I know that
if you’re in the thick of it right now you are thinking that
is an insane statement. But that is truly where you are headed
with this. That is when the war is over. So if every time you
experience anxiety, you yell setback and want to know what to do
I do with a setback? You’re kind of missing the point and you’re
not being fair to yourself. Okay, so the only true thing
that I might call setback is setback is also really what
happens when we say up all bets are off and I’m going to return
to my old rituals. I’m gonna go back to my figuring it out
trying to fight it trying to resist it hiding from it. Going
back to my compulsive. My compulsions, like that, might be
setbacks. Yes, if you start to revert to those old habits, I’ll
call that a setback with you. But how you feel and what you
think is not the setback. But even if you do start to revert
to those old habits as soon as you waive the setback flag and
one piece of advice just remember, oh wait, I have to start doing what I was
doing before. No problem that happens to everybody move
forward again. So if anxiety returns after some time, right
at the show notes here your job is not to wring your hands
and try to figure out why and how to stop it and declare
a disaster. Your job is to surf through it, move through it
like you presumably did as part of the progress that you said
you had made. So I did do an episode on this early on in 2015
of the podcast, episode 14 talks about the nonlinear nature
of recovery and goes over setbacks. But I know setback is
a thing that we talk about all the time in this community.
Hopefully, this helps. And that is it. Those are our second 10
frequently asked questions about anxiety and anxiety recovery. We
are done with episode 217. If you have not heard to 16 go
ahead and listen, because those are the first 10 questions you
know, we’re done because he told me that music. Anyway, I will
pay you out as usual. Afterglow by Ben Drake, you can
find Ben and his music ed Ben Drake music.com Go check them
out and tell him I said hi, I will ask you a favor. If you’re
listening to the podcast on iTunes on Apple podcasts or
Spotify or some platform that lets you rate and review. Please
leave a five-star rating and maybe take a second to write a
review because it helps other people find the podcast. If
you’re listening on YouTube. Sorry, there’s no video this
week. But if you’re listening on YouTube, Like the video,
subscribe to the channel, and leave a comment. You know the deal. I
appreciate you guys coming by all the time spending time with
me giving me your attention. Hopefully, I’m able to help you.
I’m doing the best I can. I’m hoping it’s working out for you.
I’ll be back next week. We’re gonna do it again. I don’t know
what I’m gonna be talking about. But I will be here. And as
always remember, this is the way Unknown: this is where your
story begins. You got the feeling that you go yeah, you’re
doing fine. Now in the city, you live fast. No looking back on
the past. Never get another chance.
A high, prolonged cortisol level can mess with a lot of stuff. It’s even been seen to decrease the volume of your hippocampus, the area responsible
for learning and memory, and a reduced hippocampus
is more often seen in people with depression than those without. So all this is to say that the extra stress is probably not doing your brain or your body any favors. And humans are historically
bad at making decisions when they don’t know
what’s going to happen? So, what can you do to
reduce the allostatic load? Reduce stress. Eating well, exercising, and maintaining a regular sleep schedule cannot be overlooked. Exercising alone can
reduce stress hormones, even with just a 20-minute walk. And a different way of
thinking could also help us: an idea called model-free learning. It’s trial and error. Instead of basing your risk assessment on similar examples from the past or envisioning future scenarios, you just take it one step at a time. This way, you reassess and
update your estimate of what’s happening and how to prepare. We’re dealing with a new virus, constantly changing policies, and likely a completely different schedule and maybe even environment. Our brain is on high alert at all times to identify potential threats. This means that even if you’re spending most of your time laying around, your brain isn’t, so try not to beat yourself up for feeling tired or fuzzy, or unmotivated. You just don’t need anything
else to stress about. Now that you know all of this, how are you feeling? Alex: To be honest, I
do still feel the same. Fran: I think I’m feeling a
bit better after watching it. Victoria: It’s
my body is exhausted from feeling things and being under stress all day, all the time. Graham: Whenever I feel
that allostatic load starting to weigh down on me, you know, I can put a
name on it, a face on it, and it makes it a lot
easier to deal with it.
So we can see the overall
representation of the Cauchy stress tensor. So first is stresses acting on x
plane. Now which is the x plane, this is the x plane. So there are two
x planes, this is negative x and this is positive x. So what are the
stresses which are acting, we have sigma xx in the direction of x?
So, all of them are acting on x plane. Then we have sigma XY and sigma xz. Similarly,
on the other side of another plane which is a negative x plane we have sigma XY, sigma xz, and sigma xx.
It is identical but it is on the other side. Then we have stressed on y plane. Now what is
meant by y plane, a plane with y direction as the normal. So you are talking about this and this.
So you have positive y and this is negative y. Similarly, in this, you have
sigma yy, sigma yy, which is the direction, in the direction
of y and you have sigma y x, sigma yz, similarly sigma y x and sigma yz. Then
we have stresses acting on the z plane, what are the stresses acting on the z plane, and
what is the z plane, this is the positive z plane and this is the negative z plane and
this stress is acting as sigma zz, sigma zx, sigma zy. Similarly, here also
you have sigma zz, sigma zx, and sigma zy. So these are the representation of the components
of Cauchy stress on a given control volume. So, all these stress components are acting at
a point. Now we need to keep in mind that I have shown a control volume in the figure, and
that is only for understanding how the stresses are oriented. Otherwise, it does not serve
any purpose. We need to still understand that whatever stress components are there in
the Cauchy stress tensor, it is acting at a point and the control volume, the cuboid is shown only
to indicate the plane on which it is acting. So that’s that notion we should not forget.
So it is stress acting at a point. Now having said that, we need to now define some
sort of sign convention of the Cauchy stress tensor. So the given sign conventions are the traction
components on the positive plane. So now we have already marked what is a positive plane.
So the traction component on the positive plane acting in the positive direction means the
direction of x y z which is in the positive direction, so is positive. So you have a positive
plane and the traction component is acting in the positive direction, so it is positive.
Similarly, if you have a positive plane and the traction component is acting in
a negative direction, so it is negative. For the negative plane, if the plane is negative
and the traction component is acting in a negative direction, so it is positive. And the final case
is negative plane traction component direction is a positive direction, it is negative. So this is
one sign convention, you can see that numerous sign conventions are available, and uh one may use them at his convenience, but if you follow one sign convention,
you need to follow it throughout. So this is one convenient way of uh defining sign
convention, there are assigned conventions that are available based on movement also, and sometimes
it may be difficult to understand. So this is very easy and very easy to define as well, one example
is given here. So this is the positive x plane, and the stresses acting are sigma xx, sigma
XY and sigma xz. If you consider sigma xx, this is acting on a positive x plane.
And sigma xx is in acting in the positive x direction. So that is why it is positive,
similarly to sigma XY and sigma xz. Now consider the case of the negative x plane, if you consider sigma
XY, this is a negative plane, negative x plane whereas, this is acting in the positive y direction.
So negative plane positive y direction, so it is negative. Similarly, all the stress
component signs can be assigned. So this is the sign convention of the Cauchy stress tensor. So what
is the summary that we have understood till now? There are three normal
components or normal stresses, sigma xx, sigma yy, and sigma oz. You can
see that in this figure, you have sigma x x, sigma yy, and sigma zz, these are acting in
the same direction as that normal. So there are three normal components or normal
stresses sigma xx, sigma yy, sigma zz or it is merely stated as sigma x, sigma
y, sigma z which is a common terminology, which we normally use in mechanics.
There are six shear components or shear stresses to be very specific all indices
were I not equal to j, here it is I equal to, here I not equal to j. So these are shear
components of traction or shear stresses, it is written either in sigma form or in tau
form. Cauchy stress tensor a second-order tensor quantifies the internal force distribution in a
body at a given position and time corresponding to a given deformation.
Why time is important is because we are considering the condition
corresponding to a given deformation. And internal forces, which that gets developed
followed the basic laws of mechanics. Now one particular aspect of why stress
at a point that information is needed is to, define the equilibrium equation. So it is an
application of why you need to know stress at a point. Now stress at a point is
very important to define the equilibrium equation as we have seen in the beginning, you have seen
that certain requirements need to be satisfied like the equilibrium condition,
the compatibility condition, and so on. Now for defining the equilibrium condition, we
need to specify the equilibrium equation. I will not go into the derivation of this equilibrium
equation it is very basic and is mostly seen by most of you. So by considering a given
control volume, the equilibrium equation can be represented as follows. And you can see that the
components of equilibrium equations are the stress tensor components, the only new term is gamma.
Where gamma is a self-weight of the gravity stress which acts in the z-direction or the vertical
direction and to be very specific stresses are in terms of total stresses in this particular
equation, it is invariably necessary to know stress at a point for defining
equilibrium condition. Now based on equilibrium, we can say that tau yx is equal to tau XY, tau
yz is equal to zy and tau zx is equal to tau xz. Therefore, the stress tensor is represented
by six independent stress components, there are nine components in the Cauchy
stress tensor just because of this condition, we have six independent stress components, and
they are three normal stresses, sigma x, sigma y, sigma z, and three shear stresses tau XY, tau
yz and tau Zx, where tau XY is equal to tau yx. So this is what it is. So that is how it boils
down to six independent stress components. So the final summary of what
we learned in this particular lecture is Cauchy stress, sigma is a second-order
tensor. The element of stress tensor represents components of traction acting on three orthogonal
planes according to a given Cartesian coordinate. Sigma I j means j component of traction vector
acting on the ith plane. Stress tensor sigma has three normal stress components and six shear
stress components. But based on equilibrium, there are six independent stresses
three normal and three shear stresses. All the stress components are acting at a
point that is very relevant and which is very important. The components
of sigma depend on the coordinate axis, please note here as such sigma
is not dependent on the coordinate axis, but the components of sigma, I mean to say
sigma x, sigma xy those are the components or the traction vector components, they
are dependent on the coordinate axis. So there is a distinction that needs to be
very clear, one should not get confused with sigma as a whole and the components of sigma.
Sigma as a whole is not dependent on any axis, but the components of sigma keep changing, but
the overall sigma representation of internal force remains the same depending on the reference axis,
and the component’s magnitude value keeps changing. Stress tensor sigma at any point in the body
defines the internal force distribution of a body. So this is all about this particular
lecture, which we will see in the next lecture.
It is an organ
that actively releases hormones and immune system chemicals
called cytokines that can increase your risk
of developing chronic diseases, such as heart disease
and insulin resistance. Meanwhile, stress hormones
affect immune cells in a variety of ways. Initially, they help prepare
to fight invaders and heal after injury, but chronic stress can dampen function
of some immune cells, make you more susceptible to infections,
and slow the rate you heal. Want to live a long life? You may have to curb your chronic stress. That’s because it has even been
associated with shortened telomeres, the shoelace tip ends of chromosomes
that measure a cell’s age. Telomeres cap chromosomes to allow DNA to get copied
every time a cell divides without damaging
the cell’s genetic code, and they shorten with each cell division. When telomeres become too short,
a cell can no longer divide and it dies. As if all that weren’t enough, chronic stress has even more ways
it can sabotage your health, including acne, hair loss, sexual dysfunction, headaches, muscle tension, difficulty concentrating, fatigue, and irritability. So, what does all this mean for you? Your life will always be filled
with stressful situations. But what matters to your brain
and entire body is how you respond to that stress. If you can view those situations
as challenges you can control and master, rather than as insurmountable threats, you will perform better in the short run
and stay healthy in the long run.
For example, the smell of a campfire could evoke the memory of being trapped
in a burning house. For someone with PTSD, that memory activates the same
neurochemical cascade as the original event. That then stirs up the same feelings
of panic and helplessness as if they’re experiencing
the trauma all over again. Trying to avoid these triggers,
which are sometimes unpredictable, can lead to isolation. That can leave people feeling invalidated, ignored, or misunderstood like a pause button has been
pushed on their lives while the rest of the world
continues around them. But, there are options. If you think you might
be suffering from PTSD, the first step is an evaluation
with a mental health professional who can direct you toward
the many resources available. Psychotherapy can
be very effective for PTSD, helping patients better
understand their triggers. And certain medications
can make symptoms more manageable, as can self-care practices,
like mindfulness and regular exercise. What if you notice signs of PTSD
in a friend or family member? Social support, acceptance, and
empathy are key to helping and recovery. Let them know you believe their
account of what they’re experiencing, and that you don’t blame them
for their reactions. If they’re open to it, encourage them to seek evaluation
and treatment. PTSD has been called “the hidden wound” because it comes
without outward physical signs. But even if it’s an invisible disorder,
it doesn’t have to be a silent one.