Category: Community

Stop Anxiety Attacks – Review

Some people don’t even realize that they are having anxiety attacks until they know what the definition of one is. An anxiety attack is a strong sensation that creates fear in oneself, as the symptoms can seem like you are actually dying. If you are someone who suffers from these kinds of attacks, it is important to know as much as you can about them to help control them. Thus the more you learn and know the quicker you can begin to control your anxiety attacks.The cause of anxiety attacks can vary from person to person. They may be caused by an upsetting event in someone’s life or a fear of something they have experienced growing up. Stress is a big contributor to anxiety attacks, but the possibilities are truly endless. Medication is a known trigger of an anxiety attack, and being less than active is known to be a contributor as well. In reality, there is not a particular known reason for people who experience these attacks, they are in short a body’s way of dealing with an overwhelming feeling in one way or another.One of the main symptoms of anxiety attacks is extreme fear. Now, fear may be acknowledged as a symptom of anxiety, but in reality, it is just the end result of the real symptoms. Before fear sets in, you are likely to experience one or more symptoms of anxiety, which lead you to fear. Chest pain due to a racing heart, shortness of breath, and dizziness are all symptoms you may experience before the fear sets in. In the end, any uncomfortable sensation that is realized which makes you become fearful for your life is considered a symptom of anxiety, and therefore should be treated as such until you can confirm your suspicions.Because so many symptoms that are realized during an anxiety attack are similar if not exactly like those of some other kind of condition, it is almost impossible to determine if what you have been feeling is due to anxiety attacks, or another condition. This is why it’s important to see a doctor and explain your symptoms so that your physician can run the necessary tests in determining whether you have an underlying medical condition that needs to be dealt with or whether it is more than likely anxiety you are dealing with at which point you can work with your doctor in finding ways to control it.Once you and your doctor have worked together you can be on the way to resolving your trouble. If it is an anxiety attack there are many approaches you can take to help. Discuss your approach with your doctor. In many cases, awareness is the first step you can take to stop your anxiety. Check back, as I will be posting other articles on anxiety and will include some of my own experiences.I have posted a link at the top of my website for a book and audio clips that have helped many people to overcome their anxiety and stress. It strongly recommends this guide.Feel free to visit some of my sites Stop Anxiety Now and Stop Panic Attacks

Counteract Anxiety Attacks

Sometimes life is hard and can cause you to feel out of control. Does anyone know what I’m talking about? Things are going well for a while and then it seems like out of nowhere comes something hard and unexpected that throws you into an anxiety attack. I have had this experience all too many times in my adult life, but it wasn’t until recently that I began to be aware of the symptoms before they hit so that I could counteract the anxiety attacks. Anxiety attacks are brought on by many different things and can affect people in vastly different ways. An event that may send someone into an anxiety attack may be handled with ease by another person. There is no telling what will or will not cause an anxiety attack to occur. We can, however, learn our bodies and responses so that we can be better prepared when anxiety attacks occur. For me, anxiety attacks seem the most likely when I am dealing with health issues with myself or my family. For some reason, I have always felt anxious about health-related issues and potential health problems in the people I care about most. My husband, on the other hand, takes health-related issues in stride yet finds himself dealing with anxiety attacks over financial issues that threaten our family. I am so thankful that while anxiety attacks are a normal part of life, not everyone deals with them the same or gets them at the same time. Can you even imagine a world like that? I have learned myself pretty well over the years so now I know how to counteract anxiety attacks. The biggest thing that I need to do is to get away and get alone. This could mean walking into another room or getting outside for a walk or run. I know that my anxiety attacks are made worse when I am forced to deal with them in front of people. Another key for me in counteracting anxiety attacks is to get active. Taking time regularly to exercise is one of the best methods of stress control and hence anxiety attack prevention for me. The more active I am, the less the little things seem to stress me out. Figure out the things that cause anxiety attacks in you and look for good ways to counteract them. Your life will be a lot more manageable if you can learn to take things in stride and not let small things lead to big anxiety attacks. Talk with a doctor or a counselor for more advice.  

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What Coronavirus Stress Is Doing To Your Brain And Body

 Abby Tang: How are you feeling? Graham Flanagan: I played that song, ♪ You had a bad day ♪ Alex Appolonia: I wrote down some points because my brain is like mush lately. Fran Lam: Sad, worried, stressed. Victoria Barranco: Physically, like all of the negative emotions. Abby: This probably sounds super familiar, and that’s because a lot of us are feeling stressed right now. But this isn’t normal stress. This is pandemic stress, and it is messing with our brains in a particular way. When you get stressed, it triggers a chain reaction that starts in the amygdala, your emotional-processing headquarters. Your eyes and ears send info to the amygdala, and it determines if what you’re seeing and hearing is stressful. If it is, it sends a signal to your command center, the hypothalamus. It’s in charge of getting the word out to the rest of your body by way of the autonomic nervous system. The adrenal glands get the message first and pump adrenaline into your bloodstream. Your heart beats faster; you breathe more rapidly because your muscles need extra blood and your brain needs extra oxygen. They’re preparing to react to whatever threat is causing your stress response. All of this happens in the blink of an eye. It’s like how people can jump out of the way of a car without really thinking about it. The emotional amygdala overrides your prefrontal cortex, the part of your brain where all the logic happens. So you don’t get a chance to think things through; you just react. Once the threat dies down, though, the parasympathetic nervous system takes over and returns all those heightened reactions to normal. But if the brain still detects danger after the initial adrenaline rush, the hypothalamus sends out another message to the rest of the HPA axis. This triggers another series of hormones that lead to the release of cortisol, which signals to the body that it needs to stay on high alert and keep pumping out stress hormones. Right now for a lot of us, that threat is still very much alive. The amygdala is still overriding the prefrontal cortex, which is in charge of decision-making and planning. So those feelings of forgetfulness and tiredness, they’re likely a product of this stress response that won’t turn off. Stress hormones and the accompanying bodily responses are super helpful in the short term, but our bodies aren’t meant to function in this heightened state for weeks or months at a time. And over time, your brain will burn out. When it does, it can lead to allostatic load, the cumulative wear, and tear that happens to your body when you’re dealing with chronic stress. A high, prolonged cortisol level can mess with a lot of stuff. It’s even been seen to decrease the volume of your hippocampus, the area responsible for learning and memory, and a reduced hippocampus is more often seen in people with depression than those without. So all this is to say that the extra stress is probably not doing your brain or your body any favors. And humans are historically bad at making decisions when they don’t know what’s going to happen? So, what can you do to reduce the allostatic load? Reduce stress. Eating well, exercising, and maintaining a regular sleep schedule cannot be overlooked. Exercising alone can reduce stress hormones, even with just a 20-minute walk. And a different way of thinking could also help us: an idea called model-free learning. It’s trial and error. Instead of basing your risk assessment on similar examples from the past or envisioning future scenarios, you just take it one step at a time. This way, you reassess and update your estimate of what’s happening and how to prepare. We’re dealing with a new virus, constantly changing policies, and likely a completely different schedule and maybe even environment. Our brain is on high alert at all times to identify potential threats. This means that even if you’re spending most of your time laying around, your brain isn’t, so try not to beat yourself up for feeling tired or fuzzy, or unmotivated. You just don’t need anything else to stress about. Now that you know all of this, how are you feeling? Alex: To be honest, I do still feel the same. Fran: I think I’m feeling a bit better after watching it. Victoria: It’s my body is exhausted from feeling things and being under stress all day, all the time. Graham: Whenever I feel that allostatic load starting to weigh down on me, you know, I can put a name on it, a face on it, and it makes it a lot easier to deal with it.As found on YouTubeAnimationStudio ꆛ☣ꐕ Be The “Middle Man” And Profit With AnimationStudio Agency License. Here’s How You Can Earn $100, $200, or even $300 For Every Video You Create With AnimationStudio… Activate Your Profit Machine With The Agency License … $197/month For Just $67 One Time Payment

How to Reduce Stress | How Stress Affects Your Body | Stress Management Tips – ChetChat

 my head is aching my legs are shaking I can’t sleep   studies keep piling up in a heap of restlessness and irritability prevails I’m worried will I fail lack of sleep just mounts oh I’m so stressed out we’re living through stressful times   and stress has become our constant companion but do you know what exactly happens inside   our body when we are stressed in today’s In the video we are going to talk about three things   one is the science of stress in our brain and body two five very effective solutions to beat stress   and finally two bonus tips right at the end so don’t get stressed and let’s get going hey everyone this is Chetna and you’re watching chet chat there are two kinds of stress one is   use stress or good stress this gives us an extra a burst of energy and focus when we are playing a   competitive sport or giving a presentation and two the second is distress or bad stress this is the   continuous stress which makes us feel burdened how stress affects the brain now you’ve perhaps   been stressed for the past few months thinking about your future or even your family’s health, this emotion of stress activates the hypothalamus pituitary-adrenal axis the hpa axis the   hypothalamus via the pituitary glands activate the adrenal glands which are situated atop the kidneys   in response the adrenal glands secrete a hormone called cortisol the stress hormone the body thinks   of this as a warning sign as though we’re about to get eaten up by a bear the cortisol first raises   the activity level in the amygdala the fear center of the brain this gives rise to feelings of anger   this is the reason why we tend to lash out when we are stressed if you want to know by the way more   about the signs of anger then watch this video and I will share a link for you in the description box   below have you ever found yourself saying I’m so stressed I can’t think straight while the   amygdala is working overtime cortisol travels to its next destination the pre-frontal cortex   located at the front of our head’s prefrontal cortex is the thinking and planning part of the   brain excess cortisol sustained for long periods of time causes this region to shrink thereby   blurring our rational thinking now another thing What happens when we are very worked up that we   can’t seem to remember where we’ve kept our phone or our keys even if it’s right in front of us   let’s see why that happens the cortisol now reaches the hippocampus the memory center of   our brain excess cortisol lowers the production of brain cells in this region that is why we   tend to forget everything we’ve studied if we feel very stressed out during an exam   now where is this cortisol reached in his journey to the very cells of the brain too much stress will slow down your response systems have as well seen someone looking very numb   after they’ve encountered major stress but the worst damage of stress is that over time   it can change our cell structure right down to our DNA shortens the telomeres the shoelace tips of   chromosomes which measure a cell’s age do you know the shorter the telomeres become the shorter their lifespan now not all stress is bad remember we spoke about eustress or good stress   and the experiment conducted by the University of Wisconsin shows that moderate amounts of cortisol   can improve memory while no stress which is zero milligrams of cortisol or too much stress   which is about 40 milligrams of cortisol will not help you remember what you’ve studied or   where you’ve kept your phone but just the right amount of stress about 20 milligrams of cortisol   will help you remember faster so be alert but not burnt out before we talk about how stress   affects the body I would like to give a shout out to only ladies outfits whose amazing message   got a huge number of likes from you and if you want a shout-out in my next video   then leave me a comment below with the hashtag chet chatters now you must be thinking that if   all this is going on inside the brain how am i feeling stress in my body you’re right to stress affects all body systems and let’s see how to remember that the body is still thinking of   us being attacked by a bear so it believes that the muscles need oxygen to fight or to run now   an amazing sequence of events takes place the the heart pumps faster increasing blood pressure   causing hypertension this huge volume of blood starts going through our lungs to get oxygenated   which means we start panting and getting breathless to inhale more oxygen now imagine   our arteries like pipes which suddenly have high speed blood gushing inside them the pipes could   burst so the body begins to thicken these arteries by accumulating a sticky substance called plaque   which in turn attracts cholesterol and fats extra thick walls mean that sometimes the openings of   the arteries become too narrow and now the heart has to work doubly hard to push blood through them   and all these blocked arteries could lead to heart attacks did you know that over 60   patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome have psychiatric disorders and chronic anxiety   another thing you might have noticed people tend to stress eat before an important occasion you’ll   see that since the muscles require quick oxygen cortisol increases our appetite and signals the   body to consume more energy-rich food like carbs the problem is that there is no actual bear so   we are neither running nor fighting and all these sugars get accumulated as belly fat but don’t get   all stressed out hearing this take a deep breath because I have some tried and tested methods   to bust your stress keep calm and meditate on mindful meditation and yoga regulate breathing reduce heart rate and decrease cortisol levels in our body stress causes us to breathe faster   so we are forcing our body to slow down and do some reps to de-stress exercise also reduces the levels   of the body’s stress hormones adrenaline and cortisol stimulates and produces endorphins   the body is a natural painkiller and mood elevator so try some home workouts or go for a walk or   jog in the fresh air surrender and acceptance this is my secret sauce to remain stress-free one big cause of stress is us trying to control In every aspect of our lives practice acceptance   surrender and gratitude together and you will experience the calm flow through your veins and good   vibes only you might have heard that confidence is the key well it’s the key to unlocking   some stress people with higher self-esteem are said to perform better because they have lower   cortisol responses to acute stress so they belief in yourself and repeat I can do it and if you want   to know how to increase your self-confidence then check out this video and I’ll drop a link for you   below headphones in stress out listening to your favorite tracks especially mellow music have a   beneficial effect on our body it slows the pulse and the heart rate down it lowers blood pressure   and decreases the levels of stress hormones and now for the bonus tip dark chocolate, this is my   favorite one eating a bar of dark chocolate helps to keep stress at bay because it contains   antioxidants which help in reducing cortisol levels overthinking is over friendly wizard   newt Scamander said my philosophy is that worrying means you suffer twice we can   all learn from him and stop worrying about situations beyond our control   remember just live in the moment so stay calm peaceful and safe and happy learning As found on YouTubeAnimationStudio ꆛ☣ꐕ Be The “Middle Man” And Profit With AnimationStudio Agency License. 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Lec 3 : Stress acting at a point- Stress tensor

 So, welcome back, this is the next lecture on stress tensors. So in the last lecture, we have categorically seen what is Cauchy’s stress, sigma.   And we have seen that the definition of sigma indicates what is the internal force that gets developed within a plane or a body at a point due to some action of external forces.   Now, what is sigma? In fact sigma is a stress tensor. So, Cauchy stress can be considered a tensor. So, now we are going to define a new term what is known as a tensor. If you want to study or if you want to do modeling in continuum mechanics,   as the complexity of the problem increases, it is always convenient to define what is known as a tensor. And we have already stated stress is a tensor quantity. Now, what is a tensor?   We know what are scalars, and we know what are vectors. So tensor is also a similar kind of quantity. So why tensor, because it is very convenient to express stress as a tensor.  In short stress itself is a tensor. In simple terms, we can say that tensor can be defined as a quantity with magnitude and multiple spatial directions.   So, possibly you will think like what is the difference between a tensor and a vector.   Vector also has a magnitude and a direction, but we will see that vector has magnitude,   but it will have only one direction whereas in the case of tensor multiple directions are there.  So that is the essential difference and tensor is a more general term.   And the subsets of the tensor are scalar, vector, and any other tensor of higher order. So different tensors which are popularly used are yes, that is what I told the first one is scalar the simplest tensor is scalar and it is called zero-order tensor. A quantity which has only magnitude and zero direction, scalar we all of us know that it does not have any direction it has only magnitude.  So we call it zero direction. And zero order tensor which is a scalar that has three raised to zero, where zero represents the number of directions. So three raises to zero are equal to one element and that is true, it is merely a number that shows the magnitude. Scalar is a zero-order tensor. The second one is a vector, which is the first-order tensor. A vector is a quantity,   which has magnitude and one direction you can see that vector has only one direction.  Accordingly, the number of elements will be three raised to one which is equal to three elements.   So if you have an x y z axis you have a vector in three different directions. So that is possible.   So that is what it means it has three elements. So it has one direction every vector is associated with only one direction. And it has three raised to one which is three elements and specifically, Cauchy stress is known as a second order tensor.  Why does Cauchy stress sigma have magnitude and two directions? Now, what are these two directions?   Now we will see specifically how these two directions come into the picture when you define a stress component and it is very easy also if you remember Cauchy stress, we represent it as sigma xx or sigma xy. So there are two symbols associated and that is why it is always associated with two directions it is associated with which plane it acts, which means the normal to that particular plane. It is also dependent on, which direction that particular traction acts. So we will discuss that a bit later, only to specify here is Cauchy stress is a second-order tensor. It has magnitude and it has two directions.   So this is a second-order tensor and it has three squares equal to nine elements which we have already seen in the Cauchy stress tensor. There are nine elements and the second order tensor linearly maps to vectors that also we have seen. We have seen that t is sigma transpose of n. So it linearly transforms to vectors, that is Cauchy’s formula. Now, some aspects of tensor to be very specific, may not be useful, but then this is important to understand the tensor. Let us say two, there are two vectors u and v a tensor T is a second order tensor if it linearly maps vector v to u as can be shown here and the second order tensor satisfies the properties of linear transformation. So this is what has been written, t maps v to u   or there is a linear mapping of v to u. If you compare this with Cauchy’s formula, it is more or less the same thing that is how we define The Cauchy stress tensor is a second-order tensor.   Having said that, now the next job is to interpret the components of the Cauchy stress tensor. We know that there are nine elements. Now, what are these nine elements? What does it represent? So, for that, we need to define the Cartesian coordinate. So you have a Cartesian coordinate x y   and z. And to make it simple a control volume is also shown,   control volume is a very common terminology that is used in continuum mechanics or any other form of mechanics. The con this control volume is not required, but to make things simple and for one to understand it has been shown. So we have a Cartesian coordinate x y z,   this is positive x direction, this is positive y and this is positive z which is also important here. So you can consider a positive x plane, now x is an axis which is meant by x plane. It means the plane on which x direction is the normal to that plane that is what is written here the plane whose normal is in the positive x direction. So it is called the positive x plane.  So what will be the negative x plane? The negative x plane will be here because the outward normal to this plane is in the negative x direction. So this is the negative x plane.   So you need to understand this very carefully. Consider positive x planes,   so we are talking about this particular plane. That is a positive x plane because why because normal to this particular plane x this is the y z plane, this is y, this is z. So this plane is y z plane.  Now for this y z plane, the normal is in the direction of x. So that is what it means.   So x plane means, positive x plane means, y z plane which is shown here so, positive x,   negative x plane both are there. Now we will come back to Cauchy’s formula and cauchys stress sigma. So now, the normal vector to x plane¬ this positive x direction.   Please understand the normal vector to x plane¬. So this is the x plane.  The normal is x. So you can easily write what is the normal vector. So this is the normal vector. So for the x direction, it is one zero.   So n T is given in this manner and similarly, for y it will be zero one zero, and for z zero one.   So normal vector to x plane is defined that is n transpose is given.   Now, what are the components of traction vector tx, ty, and tz? You already have this to be,   that is tx, ty, tz is equal to sigma and n. So if you substitute the value of n that is for positive x plane one zero here, so it will be one zero, and do the matrix operation,   you will see that t x is equal to sigma xx, ty will be equal to sigma xy. So this is sigma xx,   sigma xi. So ty will be equal to sigma x y and t z is equal to sigma x z. So what does it mean,   it means that the components which are present in cauchys stress tensor are components of traction vector in a given direction. So   if you see, you can see that sigma xx is the x component of traction vector on x plane. So there are two references which are coming and that is why we said that there are two directions.   It is the x component that is the traction vector in the x direction and it is acting on the x plane.   So there are two things which are coming. Similarly, you have sigma xy. Sigma XY is the y component of the traction vector acting on the x plane. Similarly, you have the z component of the traction vector acting on the x plane. Similarly, other components of Cauchy stress tensor can be identified based on   Cauchy’s formula. So that is what is the meaning of each of the terms which are present in the   Cauchy stress, it is nothing but the components of the traction vector acting in a specific direction. So, the component of the Cauchy stress tensor, in general, is sigma ij, it is the j component of the traction vector it can be x, it can be y, and it can be z. So it is a j   component of traction vector acting on the ith plane. So the first index I show which plane it is associated with. Which plane means, which is the normal and j   is the direction of that component, direction of the component of traction vector.  So i is the plane on which traction is considered, and j is the direction in which the traction component is considered.  So we can see the overall representation of the Cauchy stress tensor.   So first is stresses acting on x plane. Now which is the x plane,   this is the x plane. So there are two x planes, this is negative x and this is positive x. So what are the stresses which are acting,   we have sigma xx in the direction of x? So, all of them are acting on x plane.  Then we have sigma XY and sigma xz. Similarly, on the other side of another plane which is a negative x   plane we have sigma XY, sigma xz, and sigma xx. It is identical but it is on the other side.   Then we have stressed on y plane. Now what is meant by y plane, a plane with y direction as the normal. So you are talking about this and this. So you have positive y and this is negative y.  Similarly, in this, you have sigma yy, sigma yy, which is the direction, in the direction of y and you have sigma y x, sigma yz,   similarly sigma y x and sigma yz. Then we have stresses acting on the z plane,   what are the stresses acting on the z plane, and what is the z plane, this is the positive z plane and this is the negative z plane and this stress is acting as sigma zz,   sigma zx, sigma zy. Similarly, here also you have sigma zz, sigma zx, and sigma zy.   So these are the representation of the components of Cauchy stress on a given control volume.  So, all these stress components are acting at a point. Now we need to keep in mind that I   have shown a control volume in the figure, and that is only for understanding how the stresses are oriented. Otherwise, it does not serve any purpose. We need to still understand that whatever stress components are there in the Cauchy stress tensor, it is acting at a point and the control volume, the cuboid is shown only to indicate the plane on which it is acting.  So that’s that notion we should not forget. So it is stress acting at a point.   Now having said that, we need to now define some sort of sign convention of the Cauchy stress tensor. So the given sign conventions are the traction components on the positive plane. So now we have already marked what is a positive plane. So the traction component on the positive plane acting in the positive direction means the direction of x y z which is in the positive direction, so is positive. So you have a positive plane and the traction component is acting in the positive direction, so it is positive. Similarly, if you have a positive plane and the traction component is acting in a negative direction, so it is negative.  For the negative plane, if the plane is negative and the traction component is acting in a negative direction, so it is positive. And the final case is negative plane traction component direction is a positive direction, it is negative. So this is one sign convention, you can see that numerous sign conventions are available, and uh one may use them at his convenience, but if you follow one sign convention, you need to follow it throughout.  So this is one convenient way of uh defining sign convention, there are assigned conventions that are available based on movement also, and sometimes it may be difficult to understand. So this is very easy and very easy to define as well, one example is given here. So this is the positive x plane,   and the stresses acting are sigma xx, sigma XY and sigma xz. If you consider sigma xx,   this is acting on a positive x plane. And sigma xx is in acting in the positive x direction. So that is why it is positive, similarly to sigma XY and sigma xz. Now consider the case of the negative x plane, if you consider sigma XY, this is a negative plane, negative x plane whereas, this is acting in the positive y direction. So negative plane positive y direction,   so it is negative. Similarly, all the stress component signs can be assigned. So this is the sign convention of the Cauchy stress tensor. So what is the summary that we have understood till now? There are three normal components or normal stresses,   sigma xx, sigma yy, and sigma oz. You can see that in this figure, you have sigma x x,   sigma yy, and sigma zz, these are acting in the same direction as that normal. So there are three normal components or normal stresses sigma xx, sigma yy, sigma zz or it is merely stated as sigma x, sigma y, sigma z which is a common terminology,   which we normally use in mechanics. There are six shear components or shear stresses to be very specific all indices were I not equal to j, here it is I equal to,   here I not equal to j. So these are shear components of traction or shear stresses,   it is written either in sigma form or in tau form. Cauchy stress tensor a second-order tensor quantifies the internal force distribution in a body at a given position and time corresponding to a given deformation. Why time is important is because we are considering the condition corresponding to a given deformation.   And internal forces, which that gets developed followed the basic laws of mechanics. Now one particular aspect of why stress at a point that information is needed is to, define the equilibrium equation. So it is an application of why you need to know stress at a point. Now stress at a point is very important to define the equilibrium equation as we have seen in the beginning, you have seen that certain requirements need to be satisfied like the equilibrium condition, the compatibility condition, and so on.  Now for defining the equilibrium condition, we need to specify the equilibrium equation. I will not go into the derivation of this equilibrium equation it is very basic and is mostly seen by most of you. So by considering a given control volume, the equilibrium equation can be represented as follows. And you can see that the components of equilibrium equations are the stress tensor components, the only new term is gamma. Where gamma is a self-weight of the gravity stress which acts in the z-direction or the vertical direction and to be very specific stresses are in terms of total stresses in this particular equation, it is invariably necessary to know stress at a point for defining equilibrium condition. Now based on equilibrium,   we can say that tau yx is equal to tau XY, tau yz is equal to zy and tau zx is equal to tau xz.  Therefore, the stress tensor is represented by six independent stress components,   there are nine components in the Cauchy stress tensor just because of this condition,   we have six independent stress components, and they are three normal stresses, sigma x, sigma y,   sigma z, and three shear stresses tau XY, tau yz and tau Zx, where tau XY is equal to tau yx.   So this is what it is. So that is how it boils down to six independent stress components. So the final summary of what we learned in this particular lecture is Cauchy stress, sigma is a second-order tensor. The element of stress tensor represents components of traction acting on three orthogonal planes according to a given Cartesian coordinate.   Sigma I j means j component of traction vector acting on the ith plane. Stress tensor sigma has three normal stress components and six shear stress components. But based on equilibrium,   there are six independent stresses three normal and three shear stresses.  All the stress components are acting at a point that is very relevant and which is very important. The components of sigma depend on the coordinate axis,   please note here as such sigma is not dependent on the coordinate axis,   but the components of sigma, I mean to say sigma x, sigma xy those are the components or the traction vector components, they are dependent on the coordinate axis. So there is a distinction that needs to be very clear, one should not get confused with sigma as a whole and the components of sigma. Sigma as a whole is not dependent on any axis,   but the components of sigma keep changing, but the overall sigma representation of internal force remains the same depending on the reference axis, and the component’s magnitude value keeps changing.   Stress tensor sigma at any point in the body defines the internal force distribution of a body.   So this is all about this particular lecture, which we will see in the next lecture.As found on YouTubeAnimationStudio ꆛ☣ꐕ Be The “Middle Man” And Profit With AnimationStudio Agency License. Here’s How You Can Earn $100, $200, or even $300 For Every Video You Create With AnimationStudio… Activate Your Profit Machine With The Agency License … $197/month For Just $67 One Time Payment

How stress affects your body – Sharon Horesh Bergquist

 Cramming for a test? Trying to get more done than you have time to do? Stress is a feeling we all experience when we are challenged or overwhelmed. But more than just an emotion, stress is a hardwired physical response that travels throughout your entire body. In the short term, stress can be advantageous, but when activated too often or too long, your primitive fight or flight stress response not only changes your brain but also damages many of the other organs and cells throughout your body. Your adrenal gland releases the stress hormones cortisol, epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, and norepinephrine. As these hormones travel through your bloodstream, they easily reach your blood vessels and heart. Adrenaline causes your heart to beat faster and raises your blood pressure, over time causing hypertension. Cortisol can also cause the endothelium, or inner lining of blood vessels, to not function normally. Scientists now know that this is an early step in triggering the process of atherosclerosis or cholesterol plaque build-up in your arteries. Together, these changes increase your chances of a heart attack or stroke. When your brain senses stress, it activates your autonomic nervous system. Through this network of nerve connections, your big brain communicates stress to your enteric, or intestinal nervous system. Besides causing butterflies in your stomach, this brain-gut connection can disturb the natural rhythmic contractions that move food through your gut, leading to irritable bowel syndrome, and can increase your gut sensitivity to acid, making you more likely to feel heartburn. Via the gut’s nervous system, stress can also change the composition and function of your gut bacteria, which may affect your digestive and overall health. Speaking of digestion, does chronic stress affect your waistline? Well, yes. Cortisol can increase your appetite. It tells your body to replenish your energy stores with energy-dense foods and carbs, causing you to crave comfort foods. High levels of cortisol can also cause you to put on those extra calories as visceral or deep belly fat. This type of fat doesn’t just make it harder to button your pants.  It is an organ that actively releases hormones and immune system chemicals called cytokines that can increase your risk of developing chronic diseases, such as heart disease and insulin resistance. Meanwhile, stress hormones affect immune cells in a variety of ways. Initially, they help prepare to fight invaders and heal after injury, but chronic stress can dampen function of some immune cells, make you more susceptible to infections, and slow the rate you heal. Want to live a long life? You may have to curb your chronic stress. That’s because it has even been associated with shortened telomeres, the shoelace tip ends of chromosomes that measure a cell’s age. Telomeres cap chromosomes to allow DNA to get copied every time a cell divides without damaging the cell’s genetic code, and they shorten with each cell division. When telomeres become too short, a cell can no longer divide and it dies. As if all that weren’t enough, chronic stress has even more ways it can sabotage your health, including acne, hair loss, sexual dysfunction, headaches, muscle tension, difficulty concentrating, fatigue, and irritability. So, what does all this mean for you? Your life will always be filled with stressful situations. But what matters to your brain and entire body is how you respond to that stress. If you can view those situations as challenges you can control and master, rather than as insurmountable threats, you will perform better in the short run and stay healthy in the long run.As found on YouTubeAnimationStudio ꆛ☣ꐕ Be The “Middle Man” And Profit With AnimationStudio Agency License. Here’s How You Can Earn $100, $200, or even $300 For Every Video You Create With AnimationStudio… Activate Your Profit Machine With The Agency License … $197/month For Just $67 One Time Payment

The psychology of post-traumatic stress disorder – Joelle Rabow Maletis

 Many of us will experience some kind of trauma during our lifetime. Sometimes, we escape with no long-term effects. But for millions of us, those experiences linger, causing symptoms like flashbacks, nightmares, and negative thoughts that interfere with everyday life. This phenomenon, called post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD, isn’t a personal failing; rather, it’s a treatable malfunction of certain biological mechanisms that allow us to cope with dangerous experiences. To understand PTSD, we first need to understand how the brain processes a wide range of ordeals, including the death of a loved one, domestic violence, injury or illness, abuse, rape, war, car accidents, and natural disasters. These events can bring on feelings of anger and helplessness, which activate the brain’s alarm system, known as the “fight-flight-freeze” response. When this alarm sounds, the hypothalamic, pituitary, and adrenal systems, known as the HPA axis, work together to send signals to the autonomic nervous system. That’s the network that communicates with adrenal glands and internal organs to help regulate functions like heart rate, digestion, and respiration. These signals start a chemical cascade that floods the body with several different stress hormones, causing physiological changes that prepare the body to defend itself. Our heart rate speeds up, breathing quickens, and muscles tense. Even after a crisis is over, escalated levels of stress hormones may last for days, contributing to jittery feelings, nightmares, and other symptoms. For most people, these experiences disappear within a few days to two weeks as their hormone levels stabilize. But a small percentage of those who experience trauma have persistent problems —sometimes vanishing temporarily only to resurface months later. We don’t completely understand what’s happening in the brain, but one theory is that the stress hormone cortisol may be continuously activating the “fight-flight-freeze” response while reducing overall brain functioning, leading to several negative symptoms. These symptoms often fall into four categories: intrusive thoughts, like dreams and flashbacks, avoiding reminders of the trauma, negative thoughts and feelings, like fear, anger, and guilt, and “reactive” symptoms like irritability and difficulty sleeping. Not everyone has all these symptoms or experiences them to the same extent and intensity. When problems last more than a month, PTSD is often diagnosed. Genetics, ongoing overwhelming stress, and many risk factors like preexisting mental illnesses or lack of emotional support, likely play a role in determining who will experience PTSD. But the underlying cause is still a medical mystery. A major challenge of coping with PTSD is sensitivity to triggers and physical and emotional stimuli that the brain associates with the original trauma. These can be everyday sensations that aren’t inherently dangerous but prompt powerful physical and emotional reactions.  For example, the smell of a campfire could evoke the memory of being trapped in a burning house. For someone with PTSD, that memory activates the same neurochemical cascade as the original event. That then stirs up the same feelings of panic and helplessness as if they’re experiencing the trauma all over again. Trying to avoid these triggers, which are sometimes unpredictable, can lead to isolation. That can leave people feeling invalidated, ignored, or misunderstood like a pause button has been pushed on their lives while the rest of the world continues around them. But, there are options. If you think you might be suffering from PTSD, the first step is an evaluation with a mental health professional who can direct you toward the many resources available. Psychotherapy can be very effective for PTSD, helping patients better understand their triggers. And certain medications can make symptoms more manageable, as can self-care practices, like mindfulness and regular exercise. What if you notice signs of PTSD in a friend or family member? Social support, acceptance, and empathy are key to helping and recovery. Let them know you believe their account of what they’re experiencing, and that you don’t blame them for their reactions. If they’re open to it, encourage them to seek evaluation and treatment. PTSD has been called “the hidden wound” because it comes without outward physical signs. But even if it’s an invisible disorder, it doesn’t have to be a silent one.As found on YouTubeAnimationStudio ꆛ☣ꐕ Be The “Middle Man” And Profit With AnimationStudio Agency License. Here’s How You Can Earn $100, $200, or even $300 For Every Video You Create With AnimationStudio… Activate Your Profit Machine With The Agency License … $197/month For Just $67 One Time Payment

Managing Stress and Anxiety during the Covid-19 Pandemic – Part 2: Feelings

 [Music] and now we’re going to talk about feelings physical feelings and emotional feelings that we may experience when we’re feeling stressed so the physical feelings can vary from anything to having headaches or tension in her head even dizziness we can have a drying month anything that you are having tension and tightness in any of our muscles even sometimes pain but even or a jaw our shoulders are still like any any part of our body can experience physical tension we can feel that our heart is racing more we can fit in our breath is shallower or faster you can feel that we’re sweating more you can also have problems with indigestion possibly even going to toilet more often these are all really normal physical symptoms of when we’re feeling stressed the difficulties that may be there happening more often or maybe when you don’t feel that there is an actual stress at the moment the other thing with feelings is emotional feelings so some of the symptoms of emotional feeling that we have when we’re feeling stressed would be feeling apprehensive or feeling of dread even the feeling of fear we might be looking and watching for signs of danger like looking to see what what do we see may be more vigilant in what we’re looking for in a supermarket when right in the street who’s touched water who’s close to me things that we hear people talking and on the news and you know even if there’s lots of noise going on maybe were more sensitive to noise and what we’re hearing we could be anticipating the worst we could be having difficulty with feeling temps and feeling we’re jumpy maybe feeling more irritable this can impact on our emotions hugely we can also have difficulty concentrating and also feeling like our mind has gone blank it’s just really hard to think about things there’s just some examples of how we might feel physically and emotionally so try to keep track of those and write them in your diary as we talked about before and it might be difficult to have a pinpoint what exactly I’m feeling right now or emotionally or physically but just you will get used to that maybe over time with practice so try to keep it up and the more you are where you are how you’re physically and emotionally and morally be able to address them later so coping with some of the physical and emotional symptoms one of the first things we can do is exercise you know that exercise is really good for us and it’s really important for our mental health and if you’re walking the Lots people are walking now which is fantastic if you can walk if you have an exercise routine that you’ve been doing and you can keep up that’s brilliant or if you’ve been looking to start a new one online or calling some of the programs have been on TV that’s fantastic other ways that we can get exercise or even just around the house so things like doing hoovering are if you have two twenties in your house maybe instead of go to do quick under stairs toilet to go up and down the stairs more disability tips like that can help you to do more exercise around the house if it’s difficult to get out it’s also important to not feel like you have you know under stress that because you’re not exercising it’s a lot of surfing like oh I’m just motivated I’m just not feeling like doing it today nothing like doing I would normally do so it’s really important there to just think like where are you at today how are you feeling today and what would be helpful today so even if you have a routine where you’re doing a little bit of exercise every day and then you wake up this morning from what I just don’t feel like doing any of that figure out where what would be best for you so even if you don’t feel like doing your whole routine doesn’t necessarily mean you don’t have to any exercise today you can even just like I was saying like do a bit of coopering or do a little bit extra rent a house or you can just walk a little bit more around the house even just to sit out so I can get the fresh air that you would have got when you’re going on a walk that will all still be really beneficial rather than doing that doing nothing and then feeling bad that you haven’t so diet at the moment it can be difficult to keep with our normal diet what we were doing before and how we were eating regular meals and at the moment we’re spending more time at home and we’re more likely to snack to comfort each to have some more chocolate than we normally do to have more alcohol than we normally do to have more indulgent in our food or the opposite you could be feeling anxious and not want to eat or eating less and you we do so our diocese is a bit off and you know what if we’re all waiting or having those extra bits of chocolate that’s fine comfort eating is okay we have to just see where we’re at a way of what’s gonna help us and what’s not as things come back to normal we’re gonna be able to collect our diet and things will naturally come back and our routines will naturally come back and it’ll be easier than to say no to those different things you have to remember I suppose as well that there’s a fine line between what’s helping us if we’re going to have that extra snack or those extra bits of food or those extra drinks that is how far is that going to be good and help us and then where’s the line that oh it’s actually not great because it’s it’s too much it’s making us feel bad or feeling more sluggish or more tired or worse for it the next day so it’s really good to just figure out you know what where is my limit at and how can I be at my best one my diet the other thing is that there is research to say that food definitely can have a calming effect on us so for example and complex carbs can be really good and have a calming effect so I think we know that brown breads and brown passes are much better for us to eat and they actually have that a calming effect compared to deploy pasta and bread obviously avoiding things like caffeine is really important because I can lead to more anxiety and it can also affect your sleep and keeping hydrated is really really important and being dehydrated can actually affect your mood and how you’re feeling so if you can change any of your diet it to help with your anxiety that would be really great sleep it’s really important for us all to get good sleep sleep is a time where our brains ever take process all the information that we get during the day and help us to get through that and understand it and be ready and prepared for the following day sometimes and with everything that’s going on there the minute your head hits the pillow is the time that all the thoughts come on the worries calm your thinking about what happened today what will happen tomorrow what could happen in the future and that’s normal at the moment we’ve given what’s going on but it can be really hard and then it can affect your sleep and have them knock-on effects so one thing that can be helpful for that is to use a worry period or a worry journal so what that can be and it can be different for everybody but even that’s before bed or if there’s another time during the day where you find it useful to sit down and write down every worry every thought that you have in this diary just get it all out get it onto some paper and write everything down every worry every thought everything that’s really getting to you and then once you’ve even at that time so people do it as a 3-minute thing whether it’s like to spend a little bit more time but see what works for you but just getting it down to paper and getting it out of your head is such a go-to process and at that point then you close your book you say that is my time for doing that worry and period and now that I would do that again tomorrow at that same time and I will not think about it after – and even if does go all water it’s know I’ve talked about that already and I can think about it again tomorrow but for now I’m gonna just relax so that can be really really helpful there are things in terms of sleeping what can be really helpful is just having good habits and trying to keep a good awake and sleep pattern well I know we can all be go to bed a bit later or getting up later at the moment sleeping err stainer pajamas for longer different things but it’s really good to try and just keep a good routine try and get up in the morning at a certain time make your bed then get your clothes on have your shower do all those rituals and habits that you already have because that will help you feel better so relaxation meditation mindfulness these are all really really good practices to help us manage our stress and anxiety so relaxation can be anything you find to be relaxing to help you calm down and chill out I mean for some people it can be reading it could be playing some music it could be drawing what is it that you feel that you do and before you know it the time has passed and you just feel so much more relaxed and better off or it can be just very very simple things that you can do around your heads but just to be mindful of what are those things that you enjoy is it that showering first thing in the morning that just wakes you open it’s really relaxing and helps you sets you up for the day so there are other and in terms of relaxation there’s letter a very purposeful relaxation techniques such as deep breathing the body scan progressive muscular relaxation and visualizations in terms of meditation this is something where you’re not trying to think about things but you’re trying to transcend your thinking and there’s lots of really great meditation techniques out there and relaxation techniques so even though Beaumont Hospital have a really great resource on their website if you want to check that out or anywhere else you feel has a good and something that works for you might wellness then it’s mindfulness we can do in our everyday life so even if you you can do mindful walking mindful eating I’m mindful drawing anything that you’re doing can be mindful so if you are making a cup of tea for example you can display I’m okay so I thought into getting a cup where the teabags where it’s my kettle love to wait for the caffeine okay then we pour a tea to stirring it around and how it’s the house feeling and just being aware of the different sensations like what am I seeing what am i hearing what sounds even if you’re walking in on your daily walk to kilometres or even if you’re sitting in your garden or sitting on a balcony what can you see what can you hear what can you smell can you taste anything what can you feed on your skin there’s even taking those senses and being aware of what they are it can be really really helpful just to be present in the moment and not to worry about all of the different things so it can be really helpful for managing stress so managing your emotional symptoms around stress so everything before it’s really good to identify what emotions you’re feeling if are you feeling stressed sad worried fearful dread anticipating what is it that you’re feeling and then once you can identify them it’s really good to try and figure out a way to just let the mountain some emotional outlet so so for example if you’re feeling worried about something or worried about any of the things that are happening it’s really good to talk to somebody to share your worries as they say problem sharing is upon so some somebody that you can talk to and get those worries off your chest can be really helpful if your feelings that maybe is something like washing a really sad movie or listen to some math sad music and just letting out those emotions letting them be it’s okay to be sad it’s okay to be worries you know these things are normal in this situation just to be able to let them out if you’re angry how about flipping some pillows are making a bed something that lets you be quite physical and get that anger out or if you’re feeling just anxious or jittery and in your body maybe just dance and come on shake your hands and shake your hips and just have fun and just let that anxiety out it’s really good to have an emotional outlet and to be able to address those feelings to help you cope with anxiety and stress [Music] you As found on YouTubeAnimationStudio ꆛ☣ꐕ Be The “Middle Man” And Profit With AnimationStudio Agency License. Here’s How You Can Earn $100, $200, or even $300 For Every Video You Create With AnimationStudio… Activate Your Profit Machine With The Agency License … $197/month For Just $67 One Time Payment