Handbook for Brunner and Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing

This concise clinical companion to the twelfth edition of Brunner and Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing presents nearly 200 diseases and disorders alphabetically, allowing rapid access to need-to-know information on the most common clinical problems nurses are likely to encounter. The content is completely cross-referenced to the main text. Pages are tabbed alphabetically for speedy reference. Online Tutoring powered by Smarthinking–Free online tutoring, powered by Smarthinking, gives students access to expert nursing and allied health science educators whose mission, like yours, is to achieve success. Students can access live tutoring support, critiques of written work, and other valuable tools. ☂

FibroFind: Precision-Cut Slice Technology for Human Tissue

FibroFind, a developer of world-class fibrosis research solutions, teamed up with Nucleus Medical Media to create this animation explaining how Fibrofind’s functional precision-cut slice technology allows prolonged use of viable human organ tissue to study disease biology and drug metabolism. To learn more about FibroFind’s solutions and technology visit their website here: http://healthcare.nucleusmedicalmedia.com/fibrofind#fibrofind #fibrosis #DrugMetabolism

What’s Your ADHD Type ? – With Symptoms Examples 👀

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fBonqCwyjRA

00:00:11
What are the different types of ADHD? Did you know that people diagnosed with  ADHD often experience the condition quite   differently from one another? This is  because each individual’s condition is   a little varied… but also because there  are different identified types of ADHD.   Each type has different symptoms and traits that  stand out, impacting life in a range of ways.
00:00:38
In recent years, valuable research has shown that  ADHD is much more complex than originally thought.   If you feel like you’re struggling  to process your diagnosis against   what the average person believes ADHD  to be, it’s okay! You’re not alone. The three different types of ADHD  are hyperactive-impulsive type,   inattentive type and combination type, which  feature symptoms of the first two types. Let’s take a closer look at each of  these types and their related symptoms. Hyperactive-impulsive type ADHD Hyperactive and impulsive type is characterized  by impulsive actions and hyperactivity.   Those diagnosed with this type of ADHD may  also display inattention and a lack of focus,   but hyperactivity and impulsive behavior will  be much more prominent in day-to-day activity. Some of the common symptoms of someone with  this type of ADHD include constantly feeling   restless and fidgety, talking a lot and  fast, having trouble engaging with quiet   and relaxing activities, general impatience,  and impulse purchasing. Inappropriate comments   and speaking without considering what you  are saying are also symptoms of this type.
00:01:59
These symptoms can make learning tough,  particularly in a classroom setting.   Research has shown that people  who identify as male are more   likely to be diagnosed with this  type, particularly younger boys.   To receive a diagnosis of hyperactive-impulsive  type ADHD, a child up to the age of 16 must   have at least 6 symptoms. If you are 17 or  older, you must have at least 5 symptoms.   These symptoms, in both children and adults,  must have been present for at least 6 months. Inattentive type ADHD Inattentive type ADHD is typified  more so by symptoms of inattention,   rather than high energy levels and  impulsivity. Usually, someone who   has been diagnosed with inattentive ADHD will  find it more difficult to maintain attention,   struggle to remain focused and will often  have trouble following detailed directions.
00:02:58
As with any type of ADHD, the symptoms of  inattentive type will often vary from person to   person. Do you become bored quickly? Find it hard  to follow instructions? Perhaps you are easily   distracted and at times, struggle to listen? Or  maybe someone has said to you in the past that   you always look like you’re daydreaming. These  are all common symptoms of inattentive type ADHD. However, while there are identifiable symptoms,   it is important to remember that there is no  clear-cut divider between the different types.   That means that even though you may well  have been diagnosed with inattentive type,   you could still experience impulsivity  and hyperactivity at times. Interestingly,   inattentive type ADHD is statistically more  common in those who identify as female than male.
00:03:49
In the past, inattentive ADHD was referred  to as Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD),   without reference to hyperactivity. Now, however,  inattentive type more accurately comes under the   umbrella of ADHD. To be diagnosed with  this type of ADHD if you are 16 or under,   you will need to present 6 or more  symptoms for at least 6 months.   If you are 17 or older, you must present at  least 5 symptoms, also for 6 months or more. Combined type ADHD Combined type ADHD is exactly what it sounds like.  Those diagnosed with this type of ADHD display six   or more symptoms of inattentive type, and six  or more symptoms of hyperactive-impulsive type.   This means that someone diagnosed with combined  type will likely experience hyperactivity and   impulsivity, while also struggling  with inattention and distractibility.   It may be difficult for them to  concentrate in class or at work,   and they will likely struggle with self-control.
00:04:54
According to the American Psychiatric  Association, statistics show that combined   type ADHD is actually the most common  ADHD diagnosis among children and adults. How do I find out which type of ADHD I have? A visit to a mental health professional is  the only way to get an accurate diagnosis   for your condition. They will be able  to diagnose you with ADHD if applicable   and will also be able to determine  which type you have. In the end,   that makes it easier for you to understand your  condition and to more effectively treat it. When you visit a mental health professional,   they will conduct certain tests and provide  questionnaires that help to understand your   condition more clearly. You may also be asked  for your history of past medical conditions.   With this information, your mental health  professional can more accurately make a diagnosis. ADHD can be a difficult condition to  live with. But no matter the type of   ADHD you have, there is help available.  And remember, always be kind to yourself!
Source : Youtube

2-Minute Neuroscience: ADHD

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w8JnDhp83gA

00:00:04
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD,   is a condition characterized by difficulties with  attention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity.   ADHD involves strong genetic influences, but  environmental factors, and interactions between   genetics and the environment, are thought  to play an important role in ADHD as well.
00:00:24
Much of the recent research into the neuroscience  of ADHD has focused on understanding the brain   networks that might underlie different  aspects of cognitive function in ADHD.   One example is the default mode network,  which is a collection of brain regions   that is more active during mind-wandering and  introspection, and less active when a person   is attempting to complete a specific task.  Studies have found that people with ADHD have   atypical connectivity in the default mode network,  which might be associated with distractibility. Individuals with ADHD also display  lower activity in brain networks   that are involved in attention and cognitive  control. Typically, activity in these networks   increases when activity in the default  mode network decreases, and vice versa.   Thus, one hypothesis is that in ADHD activity  in the default mode network is dysregulated   and interferes with the function of networks  involved in attention and cognitive control.
00:01:17
Studies have also found that people with ADHD tend  to display atypical activity in the reward system,   a group of structures that are  involved in motivated behavior,   anticipation, and reinforced learning.  This atypical reward system activity   might be associated with a tendency to  overestimate the value of short-term rewards   in comparison to long-term rewards, which  could also affect planning and decision-making.   The reward system includes some of the major  dopamine pathways in the brain, and dopamine is   often implicated in ADHD because medications that  are commonly used to treat the condition, such as   amphetamine and methylphenidate, cause increased  transmission of dopamine and norepinephrine.
Source : Youtube

2-Minute Neuroscience: Autism

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tEBsTX2OVgI

00:00:04
Autism, also known as autism spectrum disorder, is characterized by symptoms that include impairments in social communication and interaction and restricted and repetitive behaviors. Although the neuroscience of autism is still poorly understood, autism is considered to be a complex developmental disorder that involves atypical brain organization starting early in development.
00:00:26
Individuals with autism often experience a period of unusually rapid brain growth in infancy and early childhood.
00:00:33
This accelerated brain growth is linked to an atypical pattern of connectivity between brain regions.
00:00:38
A number of studies report that alterations in brain circuitry involved with social interaction and attention can be detected well before the symptoms of autism begin to appear. At this point, however, it’s unclear how brain overgrowth and atypical connectivity might be linked to the occurrence of autism symptoms.
00:00:56
Research suggests that the risk of autism is strongly influenced by genetics, yet studies consistently report that environmental factors also play a large role. Although a number of potential environmental factors have been identified, the risk factors for autism are far from definitive, and it remains unclear which factors are responsible for causing an increase in autism risk, and which are associated in a non-causal way. The risk factors that are most strongly linked to autism are associated with the prenatal or perinatal period.
00:01:22
Thus, it’s possible they might be responsible for disruptions to typical neural development, leading to symptoms of autism months or years later.
00:01:30
How these risk factors might interfere with neural development is still uncertain, but hypotheses have suggested potential mechanisms such as epigenetic effects, inflammation, oxidative stress, or damage caused by oxygen deficiency. More work needs to be done, however, to fully elucidate the genetic and environmental risk factors for autism, as well as the mechanisms for the development of autism symptoms.
Source : Youtube

What’s normal anxiety — and what’s an anxiety disorder? | Body Stuff with Dr. Jen Gunter | TED

Transcriber We live in a culture that doesn’t take mental health issues seriously. There’s a lot of stigma.Some people tell you to just suck it up or get it together or to stop worrying or that it’s all in your head.But I’m here to tell you that anxiety disorders, they’re as real as diabetes, Music Body Stuff with Dr Jen Gunter Hi.Again It’s, Dr Jen, and I’ve noticed something with my patients.They often describe to me some classic symptoms of an anxiety disorder.Constant worry, trouble, sleeping tense muscles, and struggle with concentrating, But they aren’t getting treatment.There are a lot of issues with mental health care in this country.Some people, don’t have insurance that would cover it.Some have been dismissed or minimized in the past and don’t think seeking help will do any good.Some worry about the stigma and whether it could affect future jobs or relationships But severe anxiety. Isn’t a moral or personal failing It,’s a health problem, just like strep throat or diabetes.It needs to be treated with the same kind of seriousness.Before we can talk about anxiety disorders, let’s talk about anxiety itself.Anxiety is the very real and normal emotion we feel in a stressful situation.It’s related to fear, But, while fear is a response to an immediate threat that quickly subsides anxiety is a response to more uncertain threats that tend to last much longer.It’s all part of the threat detection system that all animals have to some degree to help protect us from predators.Anxiety starts in the brain’s amygdala a pair of almond-sized nerve, bundles that alert other areas of the brain to be ready for defensive action.Next, the hypothalamus relays the signal setting off what we call the stress response in our body, Our muscles tense, our breathing and heart rate increase and our blood pressure rises.Areas in the brain stem kick in and put you in a state of high alertness.This is the fight-or-flight response. There are ways the fight or flight response is kept somewhat in check with an area of higher-level thinking called the ventromedial prefrontal cortex.It works like this.If a person sees something they think is dangerous, like a tiger that sends a signal to the amygdala saying it’s, time to run The ventromedial prefrontal cortex can say to the amygdala: Hey, look The tiger’s in a cage.You know what a cage is.They can’t escape from a cage.It’s, OK, to calm down It’s, a feedback loop that can help keep the response in check.The hippocampus is also involved.It provides context by saying things like Hey: we’ve seen tigers in cages before We’re in a zoo.You are extra safe With anxiety.These threat detection systems and mechanisms that reduce or inhibit them are functioning incorrectly and cause us to worry about the future and our safety in it. But for many people, it goes into overdrive.They experience persistent pervasive anxiety that disrupts work, school, and relationships and leads them to avoid situations that may trigger symptoms.Anxiety disorders are not at all uncommon, Based on data from the World Mental Health Survey.Researchers estimate that about 16 percent of individuals currently have or have had an anxiety disorder.These include social anxiety, disorder, panic, disorder, agoraphobia and phobias.Studies have shown that people with anxiety disorders, don’t just have a different way of reacting to stress.There may be actual differences in how their brain is working.One model describes a possible mix.Ups in the connections between the amygdala and other parts of the brain, The pathways that signal anxiety become stronger And the more anxiety you have, the stronger the pathways become and it becomes a vicious cycle.The good news is there’s, treatment for anxiety and that you, don’t have to suffer. Remember this isn’t about weakness.It’s about changing brain patterns and research shows that our brains can reorganize and form new connections.Throughout our lives, A good first step is to do the basics, Eat a balanced diet, exercise regularly, and get plenty of sleep.As your mind is part of your body.It might also help to try meditation Instead of our heart rate, rising and our body tensing with mindfulness and breathing.We can slow down the fight or flight response and improve how we feel in the moment through cognitive behavioral therapy.A form of talk therapy can also be fantastic In it.You learn to identify upsetting thoughts and determine whether they’re realistic Over time.Cognitive behavioral therapy can rebuild those neural pathways that tamp down the anxiety response.Medication can also give relief in both the short term and the long term. In the short term, anti-anxiety drugs can down-regulate the threat, and detection mechanisms that are going into overdrive.Studies have shown that both long-term medications and cognitive behavioral therapy can reduce the overreactivity of the amygdala.We see anxiety disorders, High blood pressure, and diabetes.They can be treated or managed over time, And the same is true for an anxiety disorder too.

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Bobby & Dave with The Royal Flairs – Hat On Tie

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The Difference Between ADHD and Anxiety Signs

 – Hey, Psych2Goers. Do you have trouble paying attention? For example, zoning out while watching this video? Do you think you have ADHD because of this? Oftentimes, people mistake symptoms of anxiety for ADHD because of some of the similar traits they share. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data, about 3 in 10 children with ADHD have anxiety. So to help you get a better understanding of the difference between ADHD and anxiety, here are six signs to look out for. Number one, you have poor focus because of worrying thoughts. Are you always distracted by your worries, so much so that you’re unable to focus on the things you’re doing? When fear and apprehension dominate your thoughts, it may cause you to become restless and have trouble with sitting still, paying attention, or staying focused in class. According to John Waldrop, MD from Weill Cornell Medical College, when you experience anxiety, your prefrontal cortex, the part of the brain which is essential for thinking, learning, and remembering, is shut down. Your brain is concentrated on staying safe. In contrast with ADHD, you aren’t consumed by worrying thoughts. Instead, it has more to do with an imbalance in your hormones: dopamine and norepinephrine, which causes you to be distracted. Number two, you don’t tend to have as many problems with impulsivity. Do you often find yourself speaking out loud in class without raising your hand? Perhaps you were even labeled as the troublemaker in school because of the way you can never sit still. According to Dr. John, a person with ADHD may feel as if there are dozens of controllers trying to control their brains at the same time without checking in with each other first. So if you find that you don’t appear to have as many problems with impulsivity but just struggle to speak up or stand up because of your nerves, then you may have anxiety rather than ADHD. Number three, you have trouble completing your schoolwork because of perfectionism. Do you have trouble completing your schoolwork? Perhaps you find yourself procrastinating even if you only have just one assignment to you. This struggle could be because you have so many points you wanna make in so many ways to phrase the words that it leaves you wanting to throw up your hands and ignore them. You’re avoiding starting your assignments because you can’t have them be less than perfect. If you can relate to this, then it’s more likely you’re struggling with anxiety and not ADHD. Dr. John stated that while people with ADHD may experience difficulty completing their schoolwork or performing tasks, it’s often due to trouble with concentration rather than perfectionism. Number four, you are generally more sensitive to social cues. Are you very sensitive to how you come across to other people? Do you find yourself often uncomfortable with your social environment? Perhaps you find it challenging to eat in front of other people or tend to avoid speaking in public because of an overwhelming fear that people will judge you negatively. According to Dr. John, if your answers are yes to the above questions, it’s more likely that you have anxiety rather than ADHD. This is because people with ADHD usually struggle with understanding or missing social cues rather than being hypersensitive to them. Number five, you experience a racing heart, clamminess, tense muscles, headaches, nausea, or dizziness. Do you often experience headaches, nausea, or dizziness? These are just some of the symptoms of anxiety. Dr. John stated that anxiety comes from a tiny almond-shaped part at the back of your brain called the amygdala. As a watchman for your brain, it is constantly watching out for danger. And whenever it detects danger, it triggers a fight or flight response. However, for anxious people, the amygdala is large and hypersensitive. Because of this, it ends up sending out a lot of false alarms. You can think of it as a watchman who cries wolf too often. As a result, your brain may sense threats even in non-threatening situations. And number six, you are unlikely to show problem behaviors when you’re feeling calm, safe, and doing things you enjoy. How do you act when you’re having fun? Whether it’s listening to your favorite music or playing video games, you may find yourself feeling calm and safe while doing the things that you genuinely enjoy. You are neither restless nor feeling like you need to catch your breath. According to Dr. John, anxious individuals are unlikely to display any problem behaviors when feeling calm and safe and doing something they enjoy. On the contrary, people with ADHD will experience problem behaviors even when they engage in a particular fun or exciting activity.44798459-1800005020048433-7146152391664992256-nFor example, a person with ADHD may become so engrossed with painting a picture that they tune out or completely ignore everything else. This behavior is known as hyperfocus. Did you relate to any of the signs we’ve mentioned? Let us know in the comments below. If you found this video helpful, be sure to like, subscribe, and share this video with those who might benefit from it. And don’t forget to hit the notification bell icon to get notified whenever Psych2Go posts a new video. As always, the references and studies used in this video are added in the description below. Thanks so much for watching and see you in our next video. (light music).As found on YouTubeSeanCooper🗯 The Shyness & Social Guy ⇝ The 3 WORST Mistakes You Must AVOID If You Want To Overcome Shyness (PLUS: 1 weird trick that targets the root biological cause of shyness so you can stop being nervous, awkward, and quiet around people…) By Sean Cooper, The Shyness & Social Anxiety Guy. The fact that you’re reading this article tells me you may have already reached a point where you feel your shyness is NOT going away on its own… or you fear it’s getting worse and worse. And I don’t want you to waste one more day living a life where you feel left out, bored, or depressed because you don’t have the relationships which would make you happy. That’s why I’ve put together this page to help you avoid the worst mistakes that keep many people stuck with shyness for years… http://flywait.darekw.hop.clickbank.net/ often giving up hope of ever improving as you watch other people have interesting “normal” lives without you. Yet this doesn’t have to happen.