Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning

 Classical, conditioning is, a, way of learning where a stimulus that triggers a biological response is paired with a new stimulus that then results in the same, reaction The most famous work in classical conditioning was done by Ivan Pavlov in the 1890s During this time, Pavlov did a lot of research around the digestive processes of dogs One day during his research Pavlov noticed that the dogs began to salivate in the presence of the technician who normally fed them. He wondered if the technician was a trigger that stimulated a response associated with food To find out. He constructed an experiment that would allow him to measure a dog’s, output of saliva. First, he served the dog food. Then he served food while playing the sounds of a metronome and repeated the process a few times. Finally, he removed the food and only played the metronome. The dogs began to salivate in response to the metronome alone, Pavlov concluded that if a new stimulus was present when the dog was given food, then that stimulus became associated with food and caused salivation on its own. When he published his findings, Pavlov called the food, an unconditioned stimulus, because its effects on the dog were not learned. Instead, they triggered an unconditioned response that happened naturally and completely out of the dog’s control. The metronome is at first a neutral stimulus through the process of repetitive pairing with food. The dog learns to connect the two. This means that the neutral stimulus becomes the conditioned stimulus and the response to that is a conditioned response. He also reported that 1 learning occurred most rapidly when the interval between the sound and the appearance of the food was short 2. The saliva produced by the sound differed in composition from that produced by the food, which means that the conditioned response was not a replica of the unconditioned response. 3. While there are several forms of conditioning such as forward and backward conditioning, classical conditioning cannot create new behavior or be used for training, but instead triggers involuntary biological responses. 4. We can almost entirely undo the conditioning This happens through extinction when we repeatedly present the conditioned stimulus in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus. So what occurs inside the brain When a dog sees the food, the signals from the eyes and nose stimulate the brain which activates the salivation glands to secrete saliva to aid the dog with digestion When a dog hears a sound, the ears send a signal to The brain which takes note but has no reason to activate anything When the two different neurological processes are being activated simultaneously. New synaptic connections occur between the auditory stimulus and the behavioral response Over time. These synapses are strengthened so that it only takes the sound to activate the pathway leading to salivation. You can try this popular classroom exercise. Take a friend sit down and relax for two minutes. Then allow your partner to check and record your pulse rate. Your partner will then tap a pencil on the desk five times Right after stand up and hop on one leg for 30 seconds and then check your pulse again Repeat the procedure four times having the partner record, all data After relaxing. For the fifth time, your partner will tap the pencil five times as usual. Now, instead of getting up for your exercise, only check your pulse. If the conditioning is successful, your pulse rate will rise even without engaging in exercise. What do you think does classical conditioning always work? If so, are commercials a form of mental manipulation, and should we limit advertising in public spaces Sprouts videos are published under the Creative Commons license. That means our videos are free and anyone can download edit and play them for personal use and public schools. Governments and nonprofit organizations can also use them for training online courses or designing new curriculums To help us stay independent and support our work. You can join our patrons and contribute just by visiting. Www patreon com sprouts, Even one dollar, can make a difference. If you have deep insights into academic topics and want to help us explain complicated ideas in simple language, please contact us at www, sprouts schools com, you As found on YouTubeꜱʟɪᴍᴄʀʏꜱᴛᴀʟ The World’s Only Slimming Crystal Water Bottles! The unique combination of crystals is so powerful that it has been used for decades by crystal healing experts to help thousands of men and women change their lives for the better ➯➱ ➫ ➪➬ ᴛʏᴘᴇ ᴏʀ ᴘᴀꜱᴛᴇ ʏᴏᴜʀ ᴄᴏɴᴛᴇɴᴛ ʜᴇʀᴇ [Official] ᵘᵖᵗᵒ ⁷⁰% ᵒᶠᶠ ᵗᵒᵈᵃʸ!

Societal Expectations and Inner Desires: The Complex Dynamics of Motivation

 Motivation is the experience of wanting something or wanting to avoid it. When we study how we get motivated to learn, develop,   and succeed, we can identify two contrary forces: extrinsic and intrinsic ones On the one hand, we want to belong, desire to be loved, and seek to get the attention we think we deserve. We are motivated extrinsically by rewards, to progress socially. On the other hand, we strive to explore things that are satisfying in themselves,   disregarding rewards. We are motivated intrinsically,   by a natural curiosity which we follow because it feels right. The opinions of others don’t matter. To understand why we probably need a good mix of both,   let’s imagine two four-year-old children. Both grow up in families that want only the best for their kids but have completely opposing views on how to motivate them to succeed. Tom’s parents believe that all their boy needs is love.   To not undermine his intrinsic interests, they never praise him or use rewards. Eventually, they decide to not give him any feedback at all, fearing it could corrupt his free mind. Over the years Tom develops an immense capacity to imagine,   spending most of his time playing by himself. By being allowed to follow his passions,   he learns what he likes and what he doesn’t. But Tom doesn’t learn what others expect and gets easily irritated when he’s asked to do something in a particular way. Mira’s parents believe that their precious little girl needs clear rules about what’s good and what’s not. They see it as their duty to help Mira learn by providing precise and actionable feedback on all aspects of her young life.  Mira spends her days in preschool, music, and ballet lessons. Over the years she gets exceptionally good at the things that please the adults around her. However, since there is neither time to play nor to relax, she doesn’t discover her interests. Being alone bores her. At 14, Tom is independent and begins writing science fiction. He realizes that he isn’t quite like his friends and spends most of his time at the library. When he shares his writing,   others can’t quite relate. At the same age, Mira is at the top of her class and has plenty of friends and admirers. She knows what is expected of her and makes sure to meet those expectations.   Sometimes the pressure becomes unbearable, although that’s her secret. By the day he turns 21, Tom has a unique perspective of the world. He is intelligent,   but doesn’t like to work for money and hence is often broke. He hates the idea of conforming to conventional norms and is annoyed if someone interferes with his creative expression. At this point, Tom knows a lot about himself but doesn’t connect well with others.   To him, people seem to follow rules without questioning them— just like sheep.   Integrating into the society is difficult at this point and he begins to search for utopia. Mira makes it into a top medical school where she realizes, she’ll never be top of the class again.   Once that place seems out of reach, her motivation drops and she wonders if medicine interests her. Since quitting is no option,   she takes up a second major and runs for student council president. Soon Mira will know everything about what others expect, but nothing about what she likes for herself. All her life she has just listened – driven by external feedback loops.   At this point, she’s also lost the ability to question the norms of the society she grew up in. Listening to our hearts can tell us who we are, but not how to be happy among others.   Listening to others can motivate us to be a part of their world, but doesn’t teach us if that world is ours. This is why it’s probably good for the two to go together.   Then we can learn what we want, and get the feedback that we need to stay motivated to explore new roads into a better society. A large body of research shows that balancing the two forces is not straightforward. One meta-analysis of 128 studies examined the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation.   While most rewards significantly undermine our intrinsic interest,   positive feedback — which is an extrinsic motivator — inspires us to keep going. Put simply, honest words of encouragement get us going,   while money or gifts undermine our inner drive. What about you? Do you listen to your heart or the voices of society?   And from your personal experience, which of the two eventually takes your decision?   Share your thoughts and check the description to dive deeper into the topic. Sprouts videos are published under the Creative Commons License. That means our videos are free and anyone can download, edit, and play them for personal use. Public schools, governments,   and non-profit organizations can also use them for training, online courses, or designing new curriculums. To help us stay independent and support our work, you can join our patrons and contribute. Just visit patreon.com/sprouts. Even one dollar can make a difference.As found on YouTubeExplaindio Agency Edition FREE Training How to Create Explainer Videos & SELL or RENT them! Join this FREE webinar | Work Less & Earn More With Explaindio AGENCY EDITIONOIP-48

ADHD: Signs, Symptoms, Solutions

 ADHD stands for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and is often described as a mental disorder. children with ADHD have trouble paying attention are hyperactive and often have difficulty controlling their behavior. it is estimated that it affects around five percent of all children aged 3 to 17 globally and that for every girl around three boys are diagnosed with it. to understand how it affects children in school let’s look at the story of Leo, a 12-year-old boy who goes to school with the best intentions but struggles hard to succeed. attention deficit is his biggest problem. Leo gets distracted so easily it happens even when he tries his hardest to focus. he often realizes that he has suddenly zoned out and has spent the last 15 minutes thinking about something entirely different. just the tiniest thing can get him off track. to him it feels like his brain is broken. he is also forgetful books and homework are often left at home and if he doesn’t miss an assignment he often loses it somewhere or forgets to turn it in. His grades are terrible and some teachers are beginning to think that he is a lost case. then there is his hyperactivity: when they have to do group work he is restless and has trouble staying focused. staying calm and listening while others speak can completely drain him, making any normal conversation a serious challenge. to him it feels like there is no capacity left in his brain to deal with all the input that needs to be processed. he then feels angry about not being able to follow along. to help cope with his hyperactivity he likes to keep his hands busy all the time. last, there is his impulsive behavior: he often cannot refrain from saying things that come to his mind. sometimes he tries hard to control himself but then just blurts out and interrupts others. his classmates find this annoying. he leader regrets his hot-headed behavior but he knows that unfortunately, he will do it again and again. it seems to him that he can’t learn from his mistakes. teachers get frustrated trying to get him to behave. Others become impatient, give up or distance themselves. after he is diagnosed and receives support through concrete steps, things begin to get better: at school, he is seated next to a supportive student in the front row of the class, he gets a notebook that lists all his assignments to help him remember and to make homework easier to track he receives it for all subjects only once a week. to relax he is allowed to use fidget objects during lessons and take short breaks when needed. after school he practices speaking and listening routines with the specialist. additionally, his dad bikes with him to school every morning and in the afternoon he is allowed to play the ball as long as he wishes. for severe cases of ADHD prescription drugs are often prescribed. before that happens children like Leo need to undergo a professional age-appropriate diagnosis by a child psychologist who will try to look below the surface. ADHD could just be the tip of the iceberg the root cause might be drama at home, bullying at school, poor sleep or the wrong diet. Sir Ken Robinson told the story of Gillian Lynne, an 8-year-old girl that was said to have a learning disorder. she could not concentrate and never sat still. when she was brought to the specialist who didn’t subscribe any therapy but instead played music on the radio, the girl started dancing. he then told her mother: “Gillian isn’t sick, she’s a dancer. take her to a dance school!” Gillian Lynne later became a famous dancer and then responsible for some of the most successful musicals in Broadway history. please share your thoughts in the comments below. if you are hyperactive or if you are diagnosed with ADHD please tell us about your coping mechanisms so we can learn more about it from reading your insights. if you want to support our Channel, enabling us to make more such videos, visit patreon.com/sprouts and check out what we do.As found on YouTubeBrain Booster | Blue Heron Health News ⇝ I was losing my memory, focus – and mind! And then… I got it all back again. Case study: Brian Thompson There’s nothing more terrifying than watching your own brain health fail. You can feel it… but you can’t stop it. Over and over I asked myself, where is this going to end? What am I going to end up like? And nobody could tell me. Doesn’t matter now. I’m over it. Completely well. This is how I did it!OIP-c2