Tag: anxiety and depression association of America
The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Psychoneuroimmunology
This comprehensive resource details the history, methodology anddevelopment of research into psychoneuroimmunology, balancing itwith meticulous coverage of both the clinical aspects and practicalapplications of the subject. A much-needed reference including overviews of key advances inthe field Discusses how psychoneuroimmunological research is conceivedand executed Includes contributions from a wealth of experts in thefield Forward by Robert Ader and Nicholas Cohen, founders of thediscipline Authoritative and interdisciplinary in scope – integratingbiological and behavioral science
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Neuropsychobiology: Dopamine, GABA, Serotonin and Acetylcholine
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Where is it found
Precursor, L-DOPA is synthesized in brain and kidneys
Dopamine functions in several parts of the peripheral nervous system
In blood vessels, it inhibits norepinephrine release and acts as a vasodilator (relaxation)
In the pancreas, it reduces insulin production
In the digestive system, it reduces gastrointestinal motility and protects intestinal mucosa
In the immune system, it reduces lymphocyte activity.
Symptoms of excess & insufficiency…
Most antipsychotic drugs are dopamine antagonists
Dopamine antagonist drugs are also some of the most effective anti-nausea agents
Changes in dopamine levels may also cause age-related changes in cognitive flexibility.
Symptoms of excess & insufficiency
Insufficient dopamine…
Nutritional building blocks
Eating a diet high in magnesium and tyrosine rich foods will ensure you’ve got the basic building blocks needed for dopamine production.
Medications
Most common dopamine antagonists (positive symptoms)
Risperdone, Haldol, Zyprexa
Metoclopramide (Reglan) is an antiemetic and antipsychotic
Dopamine Hypothesis
Patients with schizophrenia do not typically show measurably increased levels of brain dopamine activity
Other dissociative drugs, notably ketamine and phencyclidine that act on glutamate NMDA receptors (and not on dopamine receptors) can produce psychotic symptoms.
Those drugs that do reduce dopamine activity are a very imperfect treatment for schizophrenia: they only reduce a subset of symptoms, while producing severe short-term and long-term side effects
GABA Mechanism of action/purpose
Anti-anxiety, Anti-convulsant GABA is made from glutamate
GABA functions as an inhibitory neurotransmitter –
Glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter
GABA does the opposite and tells the adjoining cells not to “fire”
Where they are found
Close to 40% of the synapses in the human brain work with GABA and therefore have GABA receptors.
Medications
Drugs that act as allosteric modulators of GABA receptors (known as GABA analogues or GABAergic drugs) or increase the available amount of GABA typically have relaxing, anti-anxiety, and anti-convulsive effect
Gabapentin (neurontin) is a GABA analogue used to treat epilepsy and neurotic pain.
Benzodiazepines and Barbiturates including GHB, Valium, Xanax
Serotonin
Mechanism of action/purpose
Helps regulate
Mood
Sleep patterns
Appetite
Pain
SerotoninSerotonin
Serotonin
Insufficiency
Depression
Anxiety
Pain sensitivity
Acetylcholine
Their mechanism of action/purpose
In lower amounts, ACh can act like a stimulant by releasing norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA).
Memory
Motivation
Higher-order thought processes
Sexual desire and activity
Sleep
Acetylcholine
Symptoms of excess
Depression (all symptoms)
Nightmares
Mental Fatigue
Anxiety
Inverse relationship between serotonin and acetylcholine
Insufficiency
Alzheimers/dementia
Parkinsons
Impaired cognition, attention, and arousal
Cholinergic and GABAergic pathways are intimately connected in the hippocampus and basal forebrain complex.
It is not always about increasing a neurotransmitter. Sometimes you need to decrease it.
Human brains try to maintain homeostasis and too much or too little can be bad
A balanced diet will provide the brain the necessary nutrients in synergystic combinations
The Stress Remedy
In this groundbreaking approach to health, Dr. Doni Wilson shares a simple but powerful insight: stress is at the root of virtually all the disorders we experience. The Stress Remedy reveals how stress of all types from skipping breakfast to coping with a major crisis disrupts the body s synergy. This in turn creates three problem networks adrenal distress, blood sugar imbalance, and a digestive/immune system condition known as leaky gut. These problem networks generate the symptoms that most of us learn to take for granted, including weight gain, fatigue, gas and bloating, joint and head pain, insomnia, frequent colds and infections, acne, PMS, low sex drive, mental fog, anxiety, and depression. Once we understand the types of support our body needs, we can free ourselves from these symptoms, achieve a healthy weight, prevent health conditions, and feel more energized and alive than we ever thought possible. In The Stress Remedy, you will learn: How virtually every health problem you experience can be traced back to the effects of stress on your body. Why missing meals and losing sleep can actually cause you to gain weight. How your body’s stress messengers can either disrupt your entire system or create a whole new level of energy and vitality. Why the foods you choose can either boost your mood or send you spiraling into anxiety, fatigue, or depression. How understanding blood-sugar imbalance can free you from weight gain and a host of other symptoms. Why just 5 minutes a day of doing something you love can make a revolutionary difference to your health. In The Stress Remedy, you will learn the true secret to health: how to give your body all the support it needs so that you can achieve all the energy and vitality of which you are capable.
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Treatment-resistant Mood Disorders
Treatment-resistant major depression and bipolar disorder are highly prevalent and disabling conditions associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The assessment and management of refractory patients with mood disorders is a major clinical challenge for mental health providers. Part of the Oxford Psychiatry Library (OPL) series, this pocketbook provides a concise view of the current definitions, assessment and evidence-based management of treatment-resistant mood disorders and reviews novel therapeutic targets for mood disorders, which may enhance the therapeutic armamentarium of clinicians in the near future. The pocketbook serves as a useful guide for mental health practitioners, including psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, trainees, and interested primary care physicians.
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Unbroken
The incredible true story of Louis Zamperini, now a major motion picture directed by Angelina Jolie. THE INTERNATIONAL NUMBER ONE BESTSELLER In 1943 a bomber crashes into the Pacific Ocean. Against all odds, one young lieutenant survives. Louise Zamperini had already transformed himself from child delinquent to prodigious athlete, running in the Berlin Olympics. Now he must embark on one of the Second World War’s most extraordinary odysseys. Zamperini faces thousands of miles of open ocean on a failing raft. Beyond like only greater trials, in Japan’s prisoner-of-war camps. Driven to the limits of endurance, Zamperini’s destiny, whether triumph or tragedy, depends on the strength of his will … Now a major motion picture, directed by Angelina Jolie and starring Jack O’ Connell.
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Eating Disorders from the Inside Out: Laura Hill at TEDxColumbus.
Calm, pleasure and satisfaction is what most people experience after eating. But for people with eating disorders, food brings anxiety, disturbance and noise. Dr. Hill takes a look from the inside out from the “sound” to the biology of these diseases and how the future holds a different approach to manage the illness while bringing these patients hope.
Motherhood, Mental Illness and Recovery
Despite the importance of regaining social roles during recovery from mental illness, the intersection between motherhood and serious mental illness is often overlooked. This book aims to rectify that neglect. A series of introductory chapters describing current research and services available to mothers with serious mental illness are followed by personal accounts of clients reflecting on their parenting experiences. One goal of the book is to provide clinicians with information that they can use to help patients struggling with questions and barriers in their attempts to parent. The inclusion of personal accounts of mothers on issues such as stigma, fears and discrimination in the context of parenting with a mental illness is intended to promote the message of mental illness recovery to a larger audience as well. Finally, it is hoped that this handbook will help inspire more research on mothers with mental illness and the creation of more services tailored to their needs.
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High-Octane Women
High-Octane Women
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The Relaxation Response
When Dr. Herbert Benson introduced this simple, effective, mind/body approach to relieving stress twenty-five years ag, his book became an instant national bestseller. Since that time, millions of people have learned the secret–without high-priced lectures or prescription medicines. The Relaxation Response has become the classic reference recommended by most health care professionals and authorities to treat the harmful effects of stress. Discovered by Dr. Benson and his colleagues in the laboratories of Harvard Medical School and its teaching hospitals, this revitalizing, therapeutic approach is now routinely recommended to treat patients suffering from heart conditions, high blood pressure, chronic pain, insomnia, and many other physical ailments. It requires only minutes to learn, and just ten to twenty minutes of practice twice a day.
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