If you watched our last episode on Psychoanalysis, You may ask what happened to Bernice. Did you manage to manage depression or did anxiety still ruin it Kindly ask you and I will convey her greetings, But for us, as students of psychology, The most important question asked by Bernice is Is if psychoanalysis has been helpful and it is important to know how To distinguish that as well Believe it or not, one of the primary ways for experts is to simply ask the customer And reassure him.
The same personally Did Bernice get up from bed and started living her life.
Did she succeed in her tests without crises? Did she travel to Baha and enjoyed her friends? These answers are of benefit to the clinician, But these questions should be asked in a scientifically rigorous manner To ensure the effectiveness of the treatment rather than the conclusion based on individual cases.
There is another treatment category Different from the speech listening, psychotherapy method.
This category combines medical treatment with psychology.
It is a biomedical treatment.
Treatment includes common medications like zoloft or lithium, Or unfamiliar and unfair methods Such as magnetic stimulation, nerve cell transplantation and even electric shock.
Yes, this method is still used.
For example, treating a tired mind is different from treating a broken arm.
One of the difficulties facing psychiatrists is how to judge the success of their treatments. Psychiatrists usually use methods to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment.
It depends on the customer and doctor s impressions as well as results, research, Customer experience as understood by his name.
It is for the customer to be asked how he feels after treatment and to see a doctor.
This method is more optimistic, although the results differ.
According to the treatment, One study revealed that 89 percent of patients.
They said they were somewhat satisfied with the treatment, But the impressions are inherently subjective.
It is believed that the doctor patient relationship leads to a positive bias in the opinions of patients.
That is the satisfaction with the patient leads patients to continue treatment.
Clinician impressions can also be affected.
This is not limited to bias in his personal interest. It may also happen because it may not be present When a patient develops a setback in his mental health.
In the future, The patient can see several doctors and improve temporarily after the end of each treatment.
Then he continues to suffer in the long run.
Although each doctor believed that his treatment was effective, Is it possible to objectively judge the effectiveness of therapy for psychoanalysis? There is a method of researching treatment outcomes It systematically measures which treatments are effective with specific problems And the gold standard for treatment outcome.
Research Is a randomized, controlled trial or RCT.
If you remember the cycle of research methods, you know that a randomized controlled trial Usually requires randomly chosen participants and roles, A reference group, and at least one experimental group for treatment.
This system takes into account individual differences between people And other external factors, So that the researcher is sure if the experimental group improves Without the reference group improving That treatment intervention is the cause of improvement With enough of those experiences accumulating Researchers collect data through meta analysis.
They judge by measuring the results of several experiments on the effectiveness of treatment And its success in different circumstances.
A distinction should be made between two terms: effectiveness and efficiency.
Effectiveness means successful treatment on the ground. As for efficiency, it means superior treatment, Another similar method or reference group.
These terms are important and their understanding is necessary to understand the language of research.
The effectiveness and efficiency of psychotherapy has been demonstrated in dozens of studies And reference groups that do not usually receive any treatment.
It often gets better without any intervention, But its improvement becomes faster with the treatment of psychoanalysis And there is less possibility of relapses, But there is a shocking truth.
It is a huge debate about the best treatments.
The best way to clear up for phobias, for example, is behavioral therapy, For example, in depressive disorder, Dynamic, cognitive, behavioral and psychological therapies can be used That has proven successful in experiments, While many psychiatrists enjoy arguing about the best treatments.
The most effective treatments seem to share some characteristics, The most important of which is the planting of hope, In other words, reassuring patients who are disappointed, that their condition can improve and will actually improve And giving them a fresh perspective on things is valuable.
Finding logical explanations for their problems And help them change their perception of themselves And to the world surrounding them, and their next future All accomplished psychiatrists.
Give their patients sympathy In the context of a relationship of trust and interest.
They listen and understand without criticism. They communicate in a clear and positive manner, But a psychoanalysis treatment based on a discussion of problems.
It is only one of the ways to treat mental disorders.
Biomedical treatment is often an option, Especially for more severe disorders, But it is combined with psychotherapy.
In many cases, Biomedical treatment aims to change the state of the electrochemical brain Through psychoactive medications, electromagnetic impulses and even electricity and surgery.
Pharmacology is as widespread as expected.
He is the only one who takes drugs.
Psychotropic drugs are what affect the mental state.
The popular types are classified into 4 categories, Antipsychotics anxiolytics antidepressants and mood stabilizers.
Each is intended to treat a specific type of condition, Antipsychotics treat schizophrenia and other severe thought disorders.
Most of these drugs modulate the effects of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain By blocking the receptors and preventing their absorption into it. The assumption is that excessive excretion of dopamine It leads to schizophrenia, but, like most psychiatric medications, Antipsychotics have harmful side effects, Anti anxiety medications.
It inhibits activity in the central nervous system.
This is similar to the effect of a strong alcoholic drink.
For this and other reasons, a person is at great risk If some of the anxiolytics are mixed with alcohol.
Also, relaxing the nerves is a very pleasant feeling.
The degree of possible addiction of some patients to anti anxiety drugs Antidepressants are used to treat depression as the name suggests, But it also treats some anxiety disorders.
The way each drug works is different, Influencing the availability of several neurotransmitters, Such as serotonin and norepinephrine.
In the brain, Which in turn relieves anxiety and mood, swings One of the most common drugs for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Such as Zoloft Paxil and Prozac, It partially hinders the natural absorption of Serotonin.
This makes it more available for nerve connections.
This allows his improved mood effects to function at least hypothetically. According to recent research, the effectiveness of antidepressants increases When it meets psychotherapy, And this is a logical idea.
The same applies to many other psychological disorders.
It is worth noting that some meta analyzes It indicates that the effectiveness of antidepressants is not greater than that of psychoanalysis In the treatment of mild to moderate symptoms, One of the meta analyzes that has sparked outrage in the past few years.
She even indicated that antidepressants were not more effective than placebo.
In these cases, Psychoactive medications can be helpful, but sometimes the patient has to explore the causes of his problem And reevaluating his approach to it.
This is what psychotherapy analysis does A successful treatment for Bernice.
For example, will most likely be speech therapy In addition to anti anxiety or depression.
The last group of psychoactive medications includes mood stabilizers.
These medications are very effective in relieving the vagaries of bipolar disorder.
The first type of it was used as lithium salts. It is still widespread today, Dr Kay Redfield Jameson said that we talked about weeks ago.
Lithium prevents my mindless behavior while rejoicing, It relieves my depression and calms me And it protects me from ruining my career and my social relationships And he keeps my life without hospitalization Medicines.
Aren’t the only biomedical treatment, though popular Treatments include electric shock.
For example, It is true that the implications of this matter were negative in the past.
We imagine that the patient would be constrained and shocked until he was stunned, But technology has been used and proven effective In treatment of acute depression resistant to treatment.
This type is scientifically called electrolytic treatment And in it a brief electrical current is flowing into the patient’s brain after anesthesia.
The process stimulates neurons, causing them to release signals at a high rate Until the patient passes a small, controlled episode that lasts about two minutes.
It is not yet clear why the treatment was effective in relieving negative symptoms, But there are several theories under study.
One theory says that the resulting seizure modifies the activity of neurotransmitters beneficially In areas of the brain associated with mood and feelings, Stimulating the severely depressed brain.
Another theory says that these electrical impulses Stress, hormone secretion in the brain, is adjusted Known for its effects on sleep, energy appetite and mood, Electrophoresis treatment, activates, passive neurons Or it may stimulate the growth of new cells in major brain regions. This restores the brain some of its lost functions.
There are other treatments to stimulate the brain, but they are more gentle.
One of them is magnetic stimulation through the cranial cranium, Where repeated painless electromagnetic impulses are used And there is more oppressive than deep brain stimulation.
It includes implanting a pacemaker like device in the brain.
It sends electrical impulses to certain areas of the brain, Despite the positive results of the new research About skull, cranial magnetic stimulation and deep brain stimulation.
The method of these treatments is not yet clear, But it is supposed to activate the nerve circuits In the depressed brain, as is the treatment with electrolysis.
Clearly, all of these methods have some risks.
There is no completely safe treatment And that may even apply to treatment of psychoanalysis.
However, some of the less severe symptoms of mental disorders, You will probably get a little better lifestyle change Doing aerobic exercises 30 to 60 minutes a day.
It has been shown to be just as effective as antidepressants In research related to mild depression, But it is important that the exercises are aerobic and daily Adequate sleep, social contact and healthy food. They are also effective at controlling mood, That is, a healthy life, contributes to healing.
It is said that every disease has a drug.
This applies to these diseases.
Not all patients are suitable for all methods.
Some of them may need a group that includes more than one treatment.
Today we talked about the customer and doctor s.
Impressions Results, research, meta, analyzes and their combined work In determining the effectiveness and efficiency of psychological treatments.
We talked about biomedical treatment and how to use it, Including the four categories of psychiatric medication, In addition to electrolysis, Magnetic stimulation across the cranium and deep brain stimulation And on the role of changing the patient’s, lifestyle And living in a healthy way improves mental Health, Thank you for your follow up, especially our Subbable subscribers And those with their contributions, make Crash Course available to themselves and everyone.
If you want to participate in sponsoring the program visit, Subbable com.
This episode was written by Kathleen Yale edited by Blake de Pastino. Our consultant is Dr Ranjit Bhagwat.
It was directed and edited by Nicholas Jenkins.
The script supervisor and designer is Michael Aranda And our graphics team is Thought.
Caf .
