{"id":68027,"date":"2019-12-13T06:00:24","date_gmt":"2019-12-13T11:00:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/effectsofanxiety.net\/archives\/68027"},"modified":"2019-12-13T06:00:24","modified_gmt":"2019-12-13T11:00:24","slug":"neuropsychobiology-dopamine-gaba-serotonin-and-acetylcholine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/effectsofanxiety.net\/archives\/68027","title":{"rendered":"Neuropsychobiology: Dopamine, GABA, Serotonin and Acetylcholine"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"jetpack-video-wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Neurotransmitters and Their Functions: Dopamine, GABA, Serotonin and Acetylcholine with Doc Snipes\" width=\"660\" height=\"371\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/nMuuCS2h5IE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div><\/p>CEUs for this course can be found here: https:\/\/www.allceus.com\/member\/cart\/index\/product\/id\/488\/c\/\n\nUnlimited Counseling CEUs for $59 https:\/\/www.allceus.com\/\nSpecialty Certificate tracks starting at $89 https:\/\/www.allceus.com\/certificate-tracks\/\nLive Webinars $5\/hour https:\/\/www.allceus.com\/live-interactive-webinars\/\nPatreon: https:\/\/www.patreon.com\/CounselorToolbox  Help us keep the videos free for everyone to learn by becoming a patron.\nPinterest: drsnipes\nPodcast: https:\/\/www.allceus.com\/counselortoolbox\/\n\nNurses, addiction and mental health counselors, social workers and marriage and family therapists can earn continuing education credits (CEs) for this and other course at:  https:\/\/www.allceus.com\/member\/cart\/index\/product\/id\/499\/c\/\n\nView the New Harbinger Catalog and get your 25% discount on their products by entering coupon code: 1168SNIPES at check out  \n\nAllCEUs is also approved as an education provider for NAADAC, the States of Florida and Texas Boards of Social Work and Mental Health\/Professional Counseling, the California Consortium for Addiction Professionals and Professions. Our courses are accepted in most states through those approvals.\n\nMechanism of action\/purpose…\nWhere is it found\nPrecursor, L-DOPA is synthesized in brain and kidneys\nDopamine functions in several parts of the peripheral nervous system \nIn blood vessels, it inhibits norepinephrine release and acts as a vasodilator (relaxation)\nIn the pancreas, it reduces insulin production\nIn the digestive system, it reduces gastrointestinal motility and protects intestinal mucosa\nIn the immune system, it reduces lymphocyte activity.\nSymptoms of excess &amp; insufficiency…\nMost antipsychotic drugs are dopamine antagonists \nDopamine antagonist drugs are also some of the most effective anti-nausea agents\nChanges in dopamine levels may also cause age-related changes in cognitive flexibility.\nSymptoms of excess &amp; insufficiency\nInsufficient dopamine…\nNutritional building blocks\nEating a diet high in magnesium and  tyrosine rich foods\u00a0will ensure you\u2019ve got the\u00a0basic building blocks needed for dopamine production.\nMedications\nMost common dopamine antagonists (positive symptoms)\nRisperdone, Haldol, Zyprexa\nMetoclopramide (Reglan) is an antiemetic and antipsychotic\nDopamine Hypothesis\nPatients with schizophrenia do not typically show measurably increased levels of brain dopamine activity\nOther dissociative drugs, notably ketamine and phencyclidine that act on glutamate NMDA receptors (and not on dopamine receptors) can produce psychotic symptoms.\nThose drugs that do reduce dopamine activity are a very imperfect treatment for schizophrenia: they only reduce a subset of symptoms, while producing severe short-term and long-term side effects\nGABA Mechanism of action\/purpose\nAnti-anxiety, Anti-convulsant  GABA is made from glutamate\nGABA functions as an inhibitory neurotransmitter \u2013\nGlutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter \nGABA does the opposite and tells the adjoining cells not to \u201cfire\u201d\nWhere they are found\nClose to 40% of the synapses in the human brain work with GABA and therefore have GABA receptors.\nMedications\nDrugs that act as allosteric modulators of GABA receptors (known as GABA analogues or GABAergic drugs) or increase the available amount of GABA typically have relaxing, anti-anxiety, and anti-convulsive effect\nGabapentin (neurontin) is a GABA analogue used to treat epilepsy and neurotic pain. \nBenzodiazepines and Barbiturates including GHB, Valium, Xanax\nSerotonin\nMechanism of action\/purpose\nHelps regulate \nMood\nSleep patterns\nAppetite\nPain\nSerotonin\n\nSerotonin\nSerotonin\nInsufficiency\nDepression\nAnxiety\nPain sensitivity\nAcetylcholine\nTheir mechanism of action\/purpose\nIn lower amounts, ACh can act like a stimulant by releasing norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA).\nMemory\nMotivation\nHigher-order thought processes\nSexual desire and activity\nSleep\nAcetylcholine\nSymptoms of excess\nDepression (all symptoms)\nNightmares\nMental Fatigue\nAnxiety\nInverse relationship between serotonin and acetylcholine\nInsufficiency\nAlzheimers\/dementia\nParkinsons\nImpaired cognition, attention, and arousal \nCholinergic and GABAergic pathways are intimately connected in the hippocampus and basal forebrain complex. \nIt is not always about increasing a neurotransmitter.  Sometimes you need to decrease it.\nHuman brains try to maintain homeostasis and too much or too little can be bad\nA balanced diet will provide the brain the necessary nutrients in synergystic combinations","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CEUs for this course can be found here: https:\/\/www.allceus.com\/member\/cart\/index\/product\/id\/488\/c\/ Unlimited Counseling CEUs for $59 https:\/\/www.allceus.com\/ Specialty Certificate tracks starting at $89 https:\/\/www.allceus.com\/certificate-tracks\/ Live Webinars $5\/hour https:\/\/www.allceus.com\/live-interactive-webinars\/ Patreon: https:\/\/www.patreon.com\/CounselorToolbox Help us keep the videos free for everyone to learn by becoming a patron. Pinterest: drsnipes Podcast: https:\/\/www.allceus.com\/counselortoolbox\/ Nurses, addiction and mental health counselors, social workers and &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/effectsofanxiety.net\/archives\/68027\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Neuropsychobiology: Dopamine, GABA, Serotonin and Acetylcholine<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[409],"tags":[37889,37888,37890,696,37683,16124,37682,37709,37715,37538,37566,37724,37558,37716,37573,37551,37725,37574,37710,37728,37562,37712,37543,37571,37575,37539,37564,37542,37559,37561,37714,37544,37565,37555,37563,37541,37552,37540,37553,37576,37545,37560,37713,37567,37569,37570,37554,19,37603,37623,37610,37640,37732,37653,37636,37597,16121,37730,37684,37655,37608,37607,37606,37609,36857,37602,37601,37605,37604,37600,16120,37733,37731,37729,37654,37637,37598,37599,37726,37706,37721,37723,37696,37717,37686,37704,37707,37689,37705,37688,37703,37719,37722,37718,37698,37701,37700,37699,37708,37702,37720,37697,35251,37638,37885,37897,37895,37884,37896,37898,37905,37891,37879,37902,37900,37878,37901,37549,37727,37899,37904,37711,37908,37893,37894,37881,37877,37876,37550,37690,37691,37880,37883,37882,37907,37892,37694,37906,37886,37887,37557,37687,37695,37556,37685,37693,37903,37692],"class_list":["post-68027","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-health","tag-addiction-ceus","tag-addiction-counselor","tag-addiction-training","tag-anxiety","tag-anxiety-and-10","tag-anxiety-and-depression","tag-anxiety-and-depression-10","tag-anxiety-and-depression-and-adhd","tag-anxiety-and-depression-association","tag-anxiety-and-depression-association-of-america","tag-anxiety-and-depression-books","tag-anxiety-and-depression-bracelet","tag-anxiety-and-depression-cause-sleep","tag-anxiety-and-depression-causes","tag-anxiety-and-depression-essential-oil","tag-anxiety-and-depression-foods","tag-anxiety-and-depression-for-dummies","tag-anxiety-and-depression-free","tag-anxiety-and-depression-helicopter-parenting","tag-anxiety-and-depression-help-apps","tag-anxiety-and-depression-in-children","tag-anxiety-and-depression-in-college-students","tag-anxiety-and-depression-in-teens","tag-anxiety-and-depression-in-the-classroom","tag-anxiety-and-depression-journal","tag-anxiety-and-depression-medication","tag-anxiety-and-depression-meds","tag-anxiety-and-depression-memes","tag-anxiety-and-depression-midwest-center","tag-anxiety-and-depression-quotes","tag-anxiety-and-depression-rates-in-college","tag-anxiety-and-depression-statistics","tag-anxiety-and-depression-supplement","tag-anxiety-and-depression-supplements","tag-anxiety-and-depression-support-groups","tag-anxiety-and-depression-symptoms","tag-anxiety-and-depression-tattoo","tag-anxiety-and-depression-test","tag-anxiety-and-depression-therapy","tag-anxiety-and-depression-tracker","tag-anxiety-and-depression-treatment","tag-anxiety-and-depression-treatment-center","tag-anxiety-and-depression-when-parents-fight","tag-anxiety-and-depression-workbook","tag-anxiety-and-depression-workbook-for-dummies","tag-anxiety-and-depression-workbook-for-teens","tag-anxiety-and-depression-worksheet","tag-anxiety-attack","tag-anxiety-attack-symptoms","tag-anxiety-attacks-symptoms","tag-anxiety-blanket","tag-anxiety-blanket-for-adults","tag-anxiety-books","tag-anxiety-books-free","tag-anxiety-bracelet","tag-anxiety-definition","tag-anxiety-disorder","tag-anxiety-dog-bed","tag-anxiety-game","tag-anxiety-games","tag-anxiety-help","tag-anxiety-in-children","tag-anxiety-lyrics","tag-anxiety-meaning","tag-anxiety-medication","tag-anxiety-medications","tag-anxiety-meds","tag-anxiety-pathophysiology","tag-anxiety-quiz","tag-anxiety-quotes","tag-anxiety-relief","tag-anxiety-relief-apps","tag-anxiety-relief-for-dogs","tag-anxiety-relief-for-kids","tag-anxiety-relief-games","tag-anxiety-supplements","tag-anxiety-symptoms","tag-anxiety-test","tag-anxiety-test-app","tag-anxiety-test-cure","tag-anxiety-test-for-adults","tag-anxiety-test-for-children","tag-anxiety-test-for-kids","tag-anxiety-test-for-teens","tag-anxiety-test-free","tag-anxiety-test-gad","tag-anxiety-test-name","tag-anxiety-test-online","tag-anxiety-test-pdf","tag-anxiety-test-questionnaire","tag-anxiety-test-questions","tag-anxiety-test-quiz","tag-anxiety-test-recovery-formula","tag-anxiety-test-scale","tag-anxiety-tester","tag-anxiety-testimonials","tag-anxiety-testimony","tag-anxiety-testing","tag-anxiety-testing-gad","tag-anxiety-testosterone","tag-anxiety-tests","tag-anxiety-tests-for-adults","tag-anxiety-treatment","tag-anxiety-workbook","tag-approved-provider","tag-cadc","tag-cap","tag-ccapp-ceus","tag-ccdp","tag-ccjp","tag-ce4less","tag-certification-training","tag-ceus","tag-cheap-ceus","tag-co-occurring-disorders","tag-counseling","tag-counselor-education","tag-depression-and-anxiety-quotes","tag-depression-and-anxiety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